Foundations of Psychology Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Psychology offers an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes, exploring the fundamental concepts, theories, and research that shape modern psychology. The course examines key topics such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, development, emotion, personality, and psychological disorders. Students will also discuss the biological bases of behavior, the influence of social and cultural factors, and the application of research methods in psychology. Through lectures, discussions, and practical exercises, this course provides a comprehensive understanding of the major approaches and contemporary issues in the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 2nd Canadian Edition by
Saundra K. Ciccarelli
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3308 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: The Science of Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the close of the nineteenth century,Gerhard is excited to find that he has been accepted for training in the psychology laboratory of Wilhelm Wundt.It is likely that Gerhard will be trained to:
A)analyze how to break down his sensations into their most basic elements.
B)determine the function or purpose of a particular human behaviour.
C)listen intently while individuals tell him of their depression or nervousness.
D)carefully feel the bumps on a person's
Answer: A
Q2) What advice might John B.Watson have offered to psychologists of his time?
A)"Focus on observable behaviour."
B)"Life is an effort to overcome inferiority."
C)"We cannot know others until we know ourselves."
D)"Remember that what we accomplish is due to the composition of our genes."
Answer: A
Q3) Dr.Leland can prescribe drugs in some situations and works with depressed women.He must be a psychologist.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Biological Perspective
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Sample Questions
Q1) During action potential,the electrical charge inside the neuron is ______ the electrical charge outside the neuron.
A)positive compared to B)larger than
C)negative compared to D)smaller than
Answer: A
Q2) What is the term used to describe the branches located at the end of the axon?
A)axon terminals
B)synaptic vesicles
C)dendrites
D)receptor sites
Answer: A
Q3) How is acetylcholine removed from the synapse?
A)It is broken down by an enzyme.
B)It is taken back up in the synapse.
C)It dissipates in the surrounding body fluids.
D)Acetylcholine is one of the few neurotransmitters that is continually present in the synapse.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pitch of a sound (from a low bass to a high shriek)is related to the amplitude of the sound waves that reach the eardrum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Pain sensations in the skin,muscles,tendons,and joints that are carried on large nerve fibres are called:
A)visceral pain.
B)somatic pain.
C)referred pain.
D)indigenous pain.
Answer: B
Q3) When you first put your hat on,you can feel it quite easily,but after a while,you forget that you are wearing a hat at all-the sensation is gone.What happens?
A)sensory fatigue
B)synesthesia
C)habituation
D)sensory accommodation
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Consciousness: Sleep, Dreams, Hypnosis, and Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mental activities that differ noticeably from normal waking consciousness are known as:
A)hyper consciousness.
B)unconscious states.
C)transitory consciousness.
D)altered states of consciousness.
Q2) What are two signs of physical dependency?
A)drug tolerance and psychological cravings
B)psychological cravings and withdrawal
C)drug tolerance and withdrawal
D)psychological cravings and nausea
Q3) What is the largest single preventable cause of premature death in Canada?
A)cigarette smoking
B)alcohol abuse
C)obesity
D)marijuana use
Q4) Sexsomnia is a common Stage Four sleep disorder in which persons may groan loudly,masturbate,or even sexually assault a partner without waking up.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Learning
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Sample Questions
Q1) The taste receptors are located on the:
A)papillae.
B)taste buds.
C)tongue.
D)roof of the mouth.
Q2) Cheryl is trying to teach her son to do the laundry by watching her.According to observational learning theory,to be an effective experience,what must occur?
A)Her son must also model the behaviour immediately.
B)Her son must be motivated to learn how to do the laundry.
C)Her son must take notes to reinforce the learning process.
D)Cheryl must reward her son at each step in the process.
Q3) When a stimulus is removed from a person or animal resulting in a decrease in the probability of response,it is known as:
A)punishment by application.
B)punishment by removal.
C)negative reinforcement.
D)intermittent reinforcement.
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Chapter 6: Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Janie is taking an exam in her history class.On the exam there is a question that asks her to state and discuss the five major causes of the Trans-Caspian War (whatever that was!).Janie remembers four of them.She knows there is a fifth and can almost remember it; she knows that it is something like Texas.Janie is walking down the stairs,when all of a sudden,she remembers that the fifth point is taxes,but it is too late.Janie was suffering from:
A)encoding problems.
B)misinformation effect.
C)tip-of-the-tongue effects.
D)memory trace decay.
Q2) Evidence suggests that procedural memories are stored in the: A)cerebellum.
B)prefrontal and temporal lobes of the cortex.
C)hippocampus.
D)amygdala.
Q3) In anterograde amnesia,memory for anything new becomes impossible,although old memories may still be retrievable.
A)True
B)False
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Cognition: Thinking, Intelligence, and Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) The linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that:
A)one's language determines the pattern of one's thinking and view of the world.
B)one's thinking and view of the world determines the structure of one's language.
C)we decide which objects belong to a concept according to what is most probable or sensible,given the facts at hand.
D)perception of surface structure precedes deep structure in understanding a sentence.
Q2) In the _________ component of the TTCT,participants are presented with a situation and given the opportunity to ask questions and to "just suppose."
A)Figural
B)Verbal
C)Divergent Thinking
D)Thinking Creatively with Pictures
Q3) Fragile X syndrome,Down syndrome,and fetal alcohol syndrome are all forms of developmental disabilities.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Development Across the Life Span
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Sample Questions
Q1) Erikson's theory of social development viewed the period from ages three to six,his third stage,as characterized by the major challenge of:
A)identity versus role diffusion.
B)industry versus inferiority.
C)initiative versus guilt.
D)autonomy versus shame and doubt.
Q2) Unlike other types of research,a cross-sequential design allows researchers to:
A)combine longitudinal and cross-sectional research strategies.
B)look for gender differences.
C)reduce experimenter bias.
D)only include cross-sectional strategies within the design.
Q3) Sarah is in her 40s.Her menstrual cycle is irregular and she is experiencing "hot flashes" that are keeping her awake at night.The changes Sarah is experiencing are called:
A)the climacteric.
B)perimenopause.
C)menopause.
D)andropause.
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Chapter 9: Motivation and Emotion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following is a symptom of anorexia nervosa EXCEPT:
A)intense fear of becoming obese,which does not diminish as weight loss progresses.
B)disturbance of body image,such as "feeling fat" even when emaciated.
C)recurrent episodes of binge eating followed by purging of the foods just eaten.
D)refusal to maintain body weight at or above a minimal normal weight for height and age.
Q2) The most basic needs in Maslow's hierarchy are __________ needs.
A)esteem
B)love
C)safety
D)physiological
Q3) Inborn,inflexible,goal-directed behaviour that is characteristic of an entire species is called a/an:
A)instinct.
B)motive.
C)drive.
D)incentive.
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Chapter 10: Stress and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coping with stress in the Vietnamese culture typically includes which of the following?
A)eating certain foods
B)using biofeedback
C)exercising
D)engaging in a hobby
Q2) ______________ people tend not to live to the average life expectancy.
A)Aggressive
B)Easygoing
C)Cheerful
D)Active
Q3) Prolonged stress has been shown to ______ cancer.
A)decrease vulnerability to B)be unrelated to one's vulnerability to C)increase vulnerability to D)cause
Q4) Religion helps people cope by rituals and rites that help them feel better about personal weaknesses,failures,or feelings of inadequacy.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Theories of Personality
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Sample Questions
Q1) A famous psychologist argues that there are three factors that influence personality: environment,person,and behaviour.This psychologist is most likely a ______ psychologist.
A)psychodynamic
B)social cognitive
C)psychoanalytic
D)trait
Q2) Sigmund Freud's theory came at a time in history when the predominant attitude toward sex was:
A)liberal.
B)open.
C)repressed.
D)obsessed.
Q3) The superego develops:
A)at birth.
B)during infancy.
C)during the preschool years.
D)during adolescence.
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13
Chapter 12: Social Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Attitudes are:
A)innate.
B)generally positive.
C)learned.
D)unchangeable.
Q2) Social psychology differs from psychology in its focus on:
A)people's susceptibility to clever advertising.
B)the individual within a group.
C)abnormal behaviour.
D)conformity.
Q3) In teacher Jane Elliot's classic study,the most startling finding was that the:
A)blue-eyed children were kinder to their brown-eyed peers.
B)brown-eyed children were less prejudiced.
C)both blue-eyed and brown-eyed children performed worse when they were labelled as the inferior group.
D)children were unwilling to discriminate with respect to the others.
Q4) Giving in to indirect pressure to change your behaviour and thoughts is called obedience.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about the DSM-IV-TR?
A)It describes symptoms and includes a checklist of specific criteria for diagnosis.
B)It lists information regarding symptoms but does not include a checklist of criteria that must be met for diagnosis.
C)It is used to diagnose medical conditions that may have an impact on mental health.
D)It is used to diagnose all kinds of medical conditions.
Q2) Joey experienced a great amount of anger throughout his childhood and adolescence that he turned inward rather than expressing to others.As a result of not expressing his anger,which of the following disorders is Joey at risk of developing?
A)fugue
B)anxiety
C)depression
D)schizophrenia
Q3) Biological explanations of schizophrenia include genetics,chemical influences,and brain structural defects.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Psychological Therapies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The major goal of insight therapies is to give people:
A)feedback from their biologically controlled responses.
B)help in understanding perceptual processes.
C)basic training in observational learning and practice.
D)clearer understanding of their feelings,motivations,and actions.
Q2) _______________ formed a large part of Freud's psychoanalytic method.
A)Reflection
B)Empathy
C)Dream interpretation
D)Unconditional positive regard
Q3) When people are asked to answer how many windows they have in their home,they are most likely to use _______ to calculate the number of windows.
A)an estimate or approximate number
B)window size in descending order (largest to smallest)
C)bottom up processing,basement to attic,
D)mental images and a mental "walk through" of their home
Q4) The primary goal of the person-centred therapist is to facilitate transference.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Psychology and Human Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is correct concerning cross-cultural studies on trait theories?
A)No evidence has been found to support these theories.
B)Research in this area is too new to report any findings.
C)Evidence for the five trait dimensions has been found in several cultures.
D)Most cultural research methods are too vague to be validated.
Q2) What do psychologists call disorders that are found only in particular cultures?
A)restricted syndromes
B)naturalistic syndromes
C)sociocultural disorders
D)culture-bound syndromes
Q3) Eye-movement desensitization reprocessing (EMDR)is primarily used for treatment of:
A)schizophrenia.
B)post-traumatic stress disorder.
C)depression.
D)bipolar disorder.
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