Foundations of Psychological Research
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the fundamental principles and methods of psychological research. Emphasizing the scientific approach to understanding behavior and mental processes, the course covers key topics such as research design, measurement, ethical considerations, data collection techniques, and statistical reasoning. Students will explore experimental and non-experimental methodologies, learn how to critically evaluate psychological literature, and gain hands-on experience in formulating research questions, developing hypotheses, and interpreting findings. By the end of the course, students will have a strong foundation in research practices essential for further study and application in the field of psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Psychological Science Modeling Scientific Literacy 1st Edition by Mark Krause
Available Study Resources on Quizplus
17 Chapters
4332 Verified Questions
4332 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3593 Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Psychological Science
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
248 Verified Questions
248 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71328
Sample Questions
Q1) Psychology can be considered a collection of many related fields of study.What is one of the features that all of these fields have in common?
A)the use of the scientific method
B)the study of mental illness
C)the belief that the unconscious mind determines human behavior
D)the use of introspection
Answer: A
Q2) Psychology is said to have begun when
A)medicine was seen to be ineffective in treating neurosis.
B)Wilhelm Wundt started the first psychological laboratory.
C)Sigmund Freud opened his private practice in ViennA
D)it was discovered in the early 1900s that many illnesses have no medical basis.
Answer: B
Q3) Psychoanalysis was developed by ________________,as a way to treat his patients.
Answer: Sigmund Freud
Q4) Wundt's primary research method was training volunteers to use
Answer: introspection
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 3
Chapter 2: Reading and Evaluating Scientific Research
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
270 Verified Questions
270 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71329
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following correlations represents the weakest degree of relation between two variables?
A)Daily calcium intake and bone mass density,correlation coefficient = +.11
B)Degree of exposure to lead and IQ scores in children,correlation coefficient = -.12
C)Hours of exposure to media violence and aggressive behavior,correlation coefficient = +.31
D)Number of cigarettes smoked per day and incidence of lung cancer,correlation coefficient = +.39
Answer: A
Q2) The degree to which one set of results can be applied to other situations,individuals,or events is called __________.
A)objectivity
B)reliability
C)validity
D)generalizability
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
4
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
339 Verified Questions
339 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71330
Sample Questions
Q1) The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the
A)central nervous system.
B)somatic nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.
Answer: C
Q2) The two main divisions of the nervous system are the __________ and the __________.
A)brain; spinal cord
B)autonomic; somatic nervous systems
C)peripheral nervous system; central nervous system
D)glands; muscles
Answer: C
Q3) If Darren's brain is like that of most people,then the majority of language skills will be handled by his
A)corpus callosum.
B)occipital lobe.
C)right cerebral hemisphere.
D)left cerebral hemisphere.
Answer: D
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 5
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
320 Verified Questions
320 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71331
Sample Questions
Q1) Hertz is a unit of measurement of __________.
A)frequency
B)amplitude
C)loudness
D)overtones
Q2) The ____________ is the perceptual experience of the wave frequency of a sound.
A)audition
B)timbre
C)amplitude
D)pitch
Q3) When we look at a white house,we can recognize it as a white house by day or night and from any angle.This is due to perceptual __________.
A)closure
B)constancy
C)reversibility
D)coherency
Q4) The primary taste called _____________ is associated with high-protein foods and the seasoning MSG.
Q5) Another name for the condition known as face blindness is _________________.
Page 6
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 5: Consciousness
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
232 Verified Questions
232 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71332
Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is a disorder of consciousness in which an individual may open the eyes and exhibit sleep-wake cycles but show no specific signs of consciousness.
A)A coma
B)A persistent vegetative state
C)Déjà vu
D)A minimally conscious state
Q2) According to the activation-synthesis theory of dreaming,the source of a dream is neuronal firing in the A)limbic system.
B)cortex.
C)thalamus.
D)brainstem.
Q3) What are some of the therapeutic uses for hypnosis? Is it generally effective?
Q4) SCN stands for A)stop control now.
B)suprachiasmatic nucleus.
C)serotonin controlled nucleus.
D)sleep control nucleus.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 7
Chapter 6: Learning
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
365 Verified Questions
365 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71333
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about operant conditioning?
A)Neither partial nor continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist for long periods of time.
B)Continuous reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through partial reinforcement.
C)Partial reinforcement leads to behaviors that will persist longer than behavior learned through continuous reinforcement.
D)Continuous reinforcement and partial reinforcement lead to behaviors that persist for equally long periods of time.
Q2) Which of the following would be classified as a secondary reinforcer?
A)a sandwich
B)the word "good'
C)reduction of pain
D)a drink of soda
Q3) One of the primary mechanisms that allows observational learning to take place is ______________,the recreating of a motor behavior or expression,often to accomplish a specific goal.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 8
Chapter 7: Memory
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
275 Verified Questions
275 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71334
Sample Questions
Q1) False memories are especially likely to occur if you have thought about the imagined event many times.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chunking is a means of _______.
A)immediately forgetting irrelevant details
B)organizing information into meaningful units
C)arranging details into a hierarchy from most important to least important
D)storing long-term memories
Q3) Steve was recalling his first day in college,including walking into the wrong class,dropping his books as he left,and the long line at the registrar's office he encountered when he had to switch classes.These memories are examples of
A)semantic memory.
B)implicit memory.
C)procedural memory.
D)episodic memory.
Q4) Long-term potentiation may represent the first stages of memory.
A)True
B)False
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 9
Chapter 8: Thought and Language
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71335
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding cognitive obstacles?
A)Cognitive obstacles are often self-imposed.
B)Cognitive obstacles can be overcome by using a mental set.
C)Cognitive obstacles are always caused by the parameters of the problem itself.
D)Cognitive obstacles can be overcome by using functional fixedness.
Q2) Kyle buys a new refrigerator,but when he gets home,he cannot fit it through the front door of his house.Which of the following would describe the obstacle for Kyle's problem?
A)The refrigerator is outside of the house.
B)The refrigerator is inside the house.
C)Kyle can make the refrigerator narrower by taking the doors off of it.
D)The refrigerator does not fit through the front door.
Q3) Because of a bias called _________________,gamblers tend to value $100 they lost on a bet more than they would value $100 the won on a bet.
Q4) A group of interrelated concepts is a called a ____________.
A)category
B)superconcept
C)mental set
D)prototype
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 10
Chapter 9: Intelligence, aptitude, and Cognitive Abilities
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71336
Sample Questions
Q1) ________,a professor of psychology at Stanford University,revised Binet and Simon's test so it could be used with American school children.
A)William Stern
B)Lewis Terman
C)Henri Simon
D)David Wechsler
Q2) Which of the following statements supports the theory that intelligence is determined in part by genes?
A)The correlation between IQ scores is stronger for fraternal twins than it is for identical twins.
B)Diet and lifestyle factors influence intelligence.
C)Offspring are more similar to their parents when they grow up with them as opposed to when children are raised apart from their parents.
D)Identical twins separated by adoption still have highly correlated IQ scores.
Q3) Verbal and spatial ability in both men and women may be related to the hormone
A)estrogen.
B)cortisol.
C)testosterone.
D)adrenaline.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Page 11
Chapter 10: Life Span Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
288 Verified Questions
288 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71337
Sample Questions
Q1) Early attachment theories state that a mother is rewarding to her infant because she provides the food.This was disproven with Harlow's experiments using _________.
A)monkeys
B)cats
C)humans
D)chicks
Q2) Miss Johnson gave Mark and Tia equal sized lumps of clay.Tia immediately rolled hers into a long shape.Mark cried and complained that Tia had received more clay.Mark's behavior represents:
A)an inability to accommodate.
B)an inability to conserve.
C)difficulty with formal operational tasks.
D)an inability to assimilate.
Q3) A reflex crucial to an infant's survival is __________.
A)cooing
B)grasping
C)sucking
D)stepping
Q4) A(n)________________ is first created when a sperm and an ovum fuse together.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 12
Chapter 11: Motivation and Emotion
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
207 Verified Questions
207 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71338
Sample Questions
Q1) Display rules involve
A)displaying an emotion that is not actually felt,often because of a role requirement.
B)social/cultural guidelines that regulate when,how,and where a person may express emotion.
C)emotions that are displayed,as a rule,only by certain cultures.
D)universal,biologically-based emotional displays evoked by particular emotional situations.
Q2) In experiments where bowls of soup were secretly filled through a tube so that the soup never ran out,which of the following happened?
A)Participants felt full at the same time as control participants,but continued to eat anyway.
B)Participants ate significantly more than control participants,but did not feel more satiated.
C)Participants felt full at the same time as control participants and stopped eating.
D)Participants ate significantly less than control participants,but felt equally satiated.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
13
Chapter 12: Personality
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
241 Verified Questions
241 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71339
Sample Questions
Q1) For several decades the U.S.Army used the slogan "Be all you can be" for recruiting.Using the language of humanistic psychology,the army could have rephrased their slogan as:
A)Practice self-actualization.
B)Develop a reaction formation.
C)Be an archetype.
D)Develop your id.
Q2) What does the WEIRD acronym refer to?
A)Psychologists' preoccupation with abnormal personalities
B)A single,specific group on which major perspectives and theories of personality are based
C)A database that compiles personality profiles from people of all walks of life
D)The application of personality to the various cultures from East Asia
Q3) What is an important piece of evidence supporting an evolutionary basis of personality?
A)Changes in personality can be seen over generations.
B)Personality traits are stable in the sense that that they are common among humans and can be found in nonhuman species.
C)Personality traits are not stable and cannot be found in nonhuman species.
D)no valid evidence supports an evolutionary approach to personality.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 14
Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
273 Verified Questions
273 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71340
Sample Questions
Q1) Any unusual behavior should be considered maladaptive.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Andrew washes his hands 100 or more times each day.The constant washing causes the skin on his hands to dry and crack,yet he continues to engage in this behavior.Andrew's behavior is an example of _____.
A)an obsession
B)agoraphobia
C)a compulsion
D)a negative symptom
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about the average brain of individuals with schizophrenia when they are compared to the brains of persons who do not have the disorder?
A)There are no known anatomical differences.
B)The overall size of the brain is actually larger than normal in people with schizophreniA
C)Dopamine activity is lower than normal in people with schizophreniA
D)The fluid-filled spaces at the core of the brain are larger in people with schizophreniA
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
15
Chapter 14: Therapies
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
236 Verified Questions
236 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71341
Sample Questions
Q1) Thanks to new computer technology,virtual reality devices permit behavior therapists to conduct _______________ in their offices.
A)free association
B)transference
C)exposure therapy
D)unconditional positive regard
Q2) Julio tells his therapist that he dreamt of a large blue monster that was about to eat him.His therapist interpreted this dream as representing Julio's abusive father.According to dream analysis,the manifest content is _____________.
A)Julio
B)Julio's father
C)the therapist
D)the large blue monster
Q3) Who of the following is LEAST likely to benefit from insight therapy?
A)a middle-aged mother of two
B)a 20-something mailroom clerk
C)a man who has been experiencing panic attacks
D)a 6-year-old with intellectual disabilities
Q4) Describe four key differences between humanistic therapies and psychoanalysis.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 16
Chapter 15: Social Psychology
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
249 Verified Questions
249 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71342
Sample Questions
Q1) You and your group have had four weeks to complete a group project for your economics class.You are now four days away from the due date,and you and one other group member have been putting in all of the time and effort.The other two members come occasionally to group meetings and due the minimal work required.This unfortunate situation is known as
A)social facilitation.
B)groupthink.
C)social loafing.
D)social referencing.
Q2) What actual event could have been predicted based on the results of Zimbardo's classic prisoner study at Stanford University?
A)the prison break at Attica prison in New York
B)the events in Waco,Texas,in which followers of a cult were killed by government agents
C)the events at Abu Gharib prison in Iraq
D)the attacks on the World Trade Center on September 11,2001
Q3) The reasons why humans and other animals decide to help each other is a complicated issue.Describe two social-cognitive explanations and three evolutionary explanations for helping behavior.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 17
Chapter 16: Krause and Corts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71343
Sample Questions
Q1) In a study described in your textbook,psychologists studied students who lived in poorly designed and crowded dormitories.By comparing these students to others who had better accommodations,the psychologists determined that the stressful living conditions caused the students to:
A)become emotionally closer to the other students sharing the same space.
B)focus their anger onto one or two "scapegoats."
C)develop emotional coping strategies.
D)lose their sense of control and feel helpless.
Q2) _________ is the leading cause of preventable disease and death in the United States.
A)Asbestos exposure
B)Drug use
C)Alcohol use
D)Smoking
Q3) Which of the following factors is not related to a person's weight?
A)Exposure to food advertisements
B)Sedentary lifestyle
C)Ethnicity
D)All of these are related to weight.
Q4) Events or stimuli which trigger a stress response are called _____________.
Page 18
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above.
Chapter 17: Krause and Corts
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
186 Verified Questions
186 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/71344
Sample Questions
Q1) Modern technology has led to the development of _____________ teams,where team members may never even meet in person.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of quid pro quo sexual harassment?
A)threatening to fire an employee if her or she does not agree to provide sexual favors
B)using euphemistic language to thinly veil sexually explicit comments
C)offering an employee a promotion in exchange for sexual favors
D)a work environment where some employees are uncomfortable with conversations and comments from other employees
Q3) How do exercise and stress-management skills work to reduce or prevent burnout?
A)They provide a distraction from work.
B)They make the job more rewarding.
C)They help the employee reduce reactions to stress.
D)Actually,they do very little to reduce or prevent burnout.
Q4) The most inspiring type of leadership for employees is typically the laissez-faire style.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In job analysis,KSAO stands for ____________________________.
To view all questions and flashcards with answers, click on the resource link above. Page 19