Foundations of Physical Therapy Practice
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course introduces students to the fundamental principles, concepts, and skills essential to the practice of physical therapy. Emphasizing a holistic and patient-centered approach, the course covers the roles and responsibilities of physical therapists, professional ethics, communication techniques, basic patient handling, safety protocols, and an overview of movement science. Through lectures, demonstrations, and hands-on laboratory experiences, students gain an understanding of the musculoskeletal and neurological systems, body mechanics, therapeutic exercises, and foundational assessment strategies that form the backbone of effective physical therapy practice.
Recommended Textbook
Mobility in Context Principles of Patient Care Skills 1st Edition by Charity Johansson
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14 Chapters
276 Verified Questions
276 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Establishing the Therapeutic Alliance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Culture is best defined as
A) a group of people living in a specific area.
B) the fact or state of belonging to a social group.
C) the geographical characteristics associated with a group.
D) the beliefs, customs, and norms of a particular group.
Answer: D
Q2) When you communicate with your patients, you convey information with your words as well as your body. Which of the following statements about "body language" is true?
A) It is more difficult to interpret than spoken words.
B) It is used as a primary means of communicating information.
C) It is used to communicate interpersonal attitudes.
D) It makes up about 25% of our communication with patients.
Answer: C
Q3) List three tips for effective listening in a health-care encounter.
Answer: Look at the person who is talking; Make appropriate eye contact; Focus on what the person is saying; Avoid doing other things while the person is talking; Allow time for the person to process and respond to what you have said; Make sure you understand by summarizing or rephrasing what the patient has said.
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Chapter 2: The Mechanics of Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following force-couple applications is less than optimal for patients to use when preparing to transition from sitting to standing?
A) Leaning forward and pulling up with both arms supported on the walker
B) Leaning forward and using the hip and thigh muscles to achieve liftoff
C) Pushing the upper trunk into the back of the chair while sliding the pelvis forward
D) Shifting from side to side to walk the hips forward to the front of the chair
Answer: C
Q2) You are preparing to transfer a patient who just had bilateral knee replacements from the bed to the bedside chair. The patient is much taller than you are, and you want to make sure that the transfer is safe for you and the patient. As you face the patient, you determine that blocking both knees is not required. Which of the following positions is the best way to position your feet?
A) Place your feet about 10 in. apart and staggered.
B) Place your feet about 20 in. apart and side by side.
C) Place your feet about 30 in. apart and staggered.
D) Place your feet about 40 in. apart and side by side.
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Special Environments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients have varied home environments that include a variety of meaningful emotional and cultural attachments. It is important as clinicians to avoid ________________a person's choice of environment, whatever it might be.
Answer: judging
Q2) Stresses to patients in critical care units can be severe enough to result in negative psychological consequences. A state of confusion that develops in response to these stresses is known as ____________________.
Answer: ICU delirium
ICU syndrome
ICU psychosis
Q3) Which of the following clinician behaviors is most likely to help a patient cope with the challenges of the ICU environment?
A) Performing therapy as passively as possible to avoid disturbing the patient
B) Keeping the lights on all the time to reduce the patient's fear
C) Placing familiar objects within the patient's line of sight
D) Rotating the therapists treating the patient to prevent patient boredom
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Keeping It Clean: Maintaining Cleanliness in the Clinical Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are working on a surgical service in a large acute-care hospital. Your next patient has a history of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in his sputum. You are going to help him to transfer to the bedside chair for a bath. You observe that he has several small skin tears and that he is coughing intermittently. Which of the following personal protective equipment is most appropriate for this situation?
A) Gloves and mask
B) Gloves only
C) Gown and gloves
D) Gown, gloves, and mask
Q2) Infections that are acquired in a hospital are called ________________infections.
Q3) Which of the following represents bad practice in hand washing?
A) Drying your hands thoroughly, because doing so facilitates skin cracking
B) Turning the handle of the water off with your clean hand
C) Washing between your fingers as well as on top of the hands
D) Washing for a total of 45 sec
Q4) List three common patient responses to staying in isolation rooms while hospitalized.
Q5) ________________are infections acquired in any health-care setting.
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Chapter 5: Assessing Physiological Status: Vital Signs
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Sample Questions
Q1) When assessing a patient's carotid pulse, which of the following would you most likely do?
A) Palpate one artery with a light, circular massaging motion during assessment.
B) Palpate both arteries simultaneously for accurate comparison.
C) Stand on the opposite side of the artery you are assessing.
D) Use two fingers to palpate just to the side of the larynx.
Q2) List four factors that can affect a person's heart rate. ____________________
Q3) You are working with a man who had a bout of congestive heart failure. He is now quite deconditioned and is receiving 2 L of oxygen per minute through a nasal cannula. You are about to begin ambulation with this patient. Which of the following would be true in this clinical scenario?
A) Maximum oxygen saturation for this patient should be 95%.
B) Use of a fingertip pulse oximeter replaces the need to measure other physiological responses.
C) You will be concerned if the patient's oxygen saturation drops below 90%.
D) Monitoring oxygen saturation is not necessary while the patient is receiving supplemental oxygen.
Q4) The openness of arterial vessels is called ____________________.
Q5) List four factors that can affect blood pressure. ____________________
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Chapter 6: Draping for Minimum Exposure and Maximum
Dignity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Experiences of sexual and physical abuse can elicit patient responses that are similar to those associated with which disorder? ____________________
Q2) Explain the primary challenge of repositioning a patient during activities that entail draping. ____________________
Q3) Which of the following positions generally creates the greatest feeling of vulnerability for the patient?
A) Standing
B) Sidelying
C) Sitting
D) Supine
Q4) What is the proper procedure for handling linens following their use in draping?
Q5) List three benefits of draping patients:
Q6) The prone position poses some specific challenges with regard to draping. List two things you can do to minimize patient discomfort in this position.
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Chapter 7: Positioning Your Patient for Mobility
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding spinal alignment of the seated patient?
A) Poor alignment can lead to increased mechanical loading and pain.
B) Allowing the feet to hang unsupported will decrease low-back stress.
C) In sitting, lumbar lordosis automatically self-corrects.
D) Increased thoracic kyphosis is unrelated to cervical lordosis.
Q2) When considering the use of restraints, which of the following is true?
A) If the device is used to protect the patient, it is not considered a restraint.
B) Using a device that the patient is able to release reduces the level of restrictiveness of a restraint.
C) Restraints are generally identified by their shape or design.
D) The application of restraints is not regulated by Medicare.
Q3) When determining which mobility procedures to use in patient care, what is the first question you should consider?
A) How much assistance will be required for the maneuver?
B) What am I trying to accomplish with the maneuver?
C) Which movement does the patient want to practice?
D) Which movement will be the easiest for the patient?
Q4) List three bony prominences that are especially susceptible to pressure in the supine position.
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Chapter 8: Transferring Dependent Patients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your patient is a 48-year-old woman who fractured her pelvis when she fell off a porch. You have been using a sit-to-stand lift to transfer her between the bed and the chair. You would like to work with her on standing tolerance. Which of the following would be your best option for accomplishing this goal?
A) Enlist the assistance of another clinician to help you block the patient's knees while the patient maintains a standing position for increasing lengths of time.
B) Have the patient sit at the edge of the bed and encourage her to push to standing while you block her knees for stability.
C) Transfer her to standing in the sit-to-stand lift and work on standing tolerance in the device.
D) Wait until she can transfer out of bed independently and then work on standing tolerance with a walker.
Q2) The use of friction-reducing devices to perform lateral patient transfers is recommended because it eliminates the risk of injury to the clinician performing the transfer.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Maintaining Capacity for Mobility Through Range of Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proper support of the joints is essential for safe and effective range of motion. Which of the following statements regarding support is true?
A) During passive range of motion exercise, the segment of the body distal to the joint undergoing range of motion therapy is stabilized.
B) Guarding the patient during range of motion exercises is determined by patient preference.
C) Support surfaces (such as mats, plinths, and chairs) can be used to provide stabilization.
D) Use of a lumbrical grip is typically the least comfortable grip for patients.
Q2) Define range of motion. Be complete in your answer.
Q3) Maintaining maximum joint motion has long been considered a critical element of recovery. List at least four effects of passive range of motion exercises.
Q4) To accurately assess capsular and ligamentous flexibility of two-joint muscles, it is necessary to lengthen the muscles simultaneously over both of the joints involved.
A)True
B)False
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Bed Mobility
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are going to assist your patient, who requires moderate to maximum assistance, into a long-sitting position in the bed. Which of the following is the best position for you to assume?
A) Beside and slightly behind the patient, facing in the same direction as the patient
B) Beside and slightly in front of the patient, facing in the same direction as the patient
C) Beside the patient, with the patient holding firmly onto your forearm
D) In front of the patient, holding onto the gait belt
Q2) Patients often require physical assistance when moving in bed. Which is the most effective approach to applying force to assist the patient?
A) Apply force more centrally.
B) Apply force more distally.
C) Apply force on both sides of the patient.
D) Apply force on one side of the trunk.
Q3) List four indications and two contraindications for the use of a tilt table.
Q4) What are at least three of the benefits of spending time in a seated position?
Q5) List the rationales for instructing your patient with hemiplegia to move from supine to sitting on each side of the bed.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Horizontal Transfers
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have just evaluated your patient, who is recovering from abdominal surgery, and you are preparing to assist the patient from the bed to the bedside chair using a squat-pivot transfer. Your assessment of the patient is that her lower-extremity strength is poor bilaterally. Which of the following positions would be the safest to assume for this transfer?
A) Behind the patient, with one hand on the gait belt and one on the anterior aspect of her shoulder
B) Beside the patient, with one hand on the gait belt and one on the anterior aspect of her shoulder.
C) In front of the patient, with both of her legs blocked by your legs
D) In front of the patient, with one of her knees blocked by your legs
Q2) Bare feet are a good alternative to slippery bedroom slippers for transfers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are the three ways to move a patient's hips forward in a chair in preparation for a transfer?
Q4) List two advantages of seated transfers over standing transfers.
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Chapter 12: Vertical Transfers
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Sample Questions
Q1) The turnaround into quadruped technique to move from a wheelchair to the floor requires that the patient rise from the seat and turn around before lowering the body to the floor.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Your patient does not have functional strength in either of his lower extremities. Which of the following is the best way for this patient to begin a transition from the floor to a chair?
A) Half-kneeling, facing away from the chair
B) Half-kneeling, facing the chair
C) Kneeling facing away from the chair
D) Long-sitting, facing away from the chair
Q3) During a floor-to-wheelchair transfer, the casters are positioned forward. Why is this done?
A) To keep the chair from rolling during the transfer
B) To make the chair less likely to tip backward
C) To make the chair less likely to tip forward
D) To position the casters out of the way for the transfer
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Chapter 13: Seated Mobility: Sitting but Not Sitting
Still--Fitting and Propelling a Wheelchair
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are working in a rehabilitation hospital and are responsible for helping patients obtain appropriate durable medical equipment. In considering wheelchair casters, which of the following choices would be most appropriate if you were concerned primarily about chair stability?
A) 2-in. casters
B) 5-in. casters
C) 6-in. casters
D) 8-in. casters
Q2) Which of the following is the best way for a wheelchair user to negotiate very steep slopes?
A) Go up the slope using a zigzagging path.
B) Have someone pull the chair up the slope backward.
C) Tip the chair into a wheelie position and go up the slope backward.
D) Tip the chair into a wheelie position and go up the slope forward.
Q3) Why is a wheelchair considered a mobility orthosis?
Q4) Wheelchair selection is the domain of the durable medical equipment vendors and as such does not fall within the scope of skilled patient care.
A)True
B)False
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Navigating the Challenges of Ambulating
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Sample Questions
Q1) When selecting an assistive gait device, it is important to remember that the purpose of the device is to minimize the immobilizing effects of a patient's condition. Which statement best summarizes how this selection is made?
A) The device is chosen based on the amount of weight-bearing it will allow.
B) The device is chosen based primarily on the physician's orders.
C) The device is chosen because it provides the least amount of restriction.
D) The device is chosen based on the patient's size.
Q2) Your patient is a 72-year-old woman who fell at home and had surgery to repair a fractured left femur. The orthopedic surgeon has ordered a 25-lb. weight-bearing restriction on the left leg during gait. Which of the following methods will be most effective in ensuring compliance with this order?
A) Defer gait training until her condition is upgraded to weight-bearing as tolerated.
B) Instruct her regarding the limit by using a bathroom scale.
C) Question her frequently during gait training.
D) Use a limb-load monitor during gait training.
Q3) To stabilize a patient who is in the process of a(n) ________________fall, the clinician attempts to bring the patient's CoM back over his or her BoS.
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