Foundations of Physical Activity Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Foundations of Physical Activity introduces students to the fundamental concepts, principles, and practices related to physical activity and its role in promoting health, wellness, and quality of life. The course explores the physiological, psychological, and sociocultural dimensions of physical activity, examining how movement affects human development across the lifespan. Students will gain an understanding of physical fitness components, effective exercise strategies, and the impact of regular activity on preventing chronic diseases. Through both theoretical discussions and practical experiences, the course equips students with the knowledge to advocate for and incorporate physical activity into various personal and professional contexts.
Recommended Textbook Concepts of Fitness And Wellness A Comprehensive Lifestyle Approach 11th Edition by Charles Corbin
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Chapter 1: Health, Wellness, Fitness, and Healthy Lifestyles: an Introduction
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Q1) It is possible for an individual to possess health and wellness while being ill or having a debilitating condition because he/she
A)may still have a positive mental outlook.
B)can still meet emergency situations.
C)can still use holistic treatments.
D)may still be physically fit.
Answer: A
Q2) An individual's ability to interact effectively with others and to establish meaningful relationships is known as _______ wellness.
A)emotional
B)intellectual
C)social
D)spiritual
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Determinants of Lifelong Health, Wellness, and Fitness
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Q1) Which is true of environmental determinants of health?
A)They only influence health of older adults.
B)They can't be changed.
C)They are both within our control and somewhat out of our control.
D)They do not influence adoption of healthy lifestyles.
Answer: C
Q2) Regular exercise,eating well,and managing stress are considered to be ___________ healthy lifestyles.
A)essential
B)secondary
C)basic
D)priority
Answer: D
Q3) What is the most important contributing factor to premature death in our society?
A)heredity
B)human biology
C)environment
D)lifestyle
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Self-Management and Self-Planning Skills for Health Behavior Change
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Q1) Which of the following behavioral skills is most important for people in the maintenance stage?
A)goal setting
B)self-efficacy
C)relapse prevention
D)balancing attitudes
Answer: C
Q2) The construct of "Am I Able" is most related to which term?
A)self-efficacy
B)self-motivation
C)social support
D)balance of attitudes
Answer: A
Q3) Which step in program planning should come BEFORE setting goals?
A)identifying needs
B)reviewing history
C)evaluating environment
D)selecting program components
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Preparing for Physical Activity
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Q1) Which of the following are the earliest signs of hypothermia?
A)depressed reflexes
B)reduction in heart and breathing rate
C)speech and movement impairment
D)shivering and cold extremities
Q2) Which of the following is a sound recommendation for exercise in cold and windy weather?
A)A light coating of petroleum jelly under the arms can help prevent frostbite.
B)Wear gloves rather than mittens.
C)The second layer should be made of capilene.
D)The layer closest to the body should be a wickable fabric.
Q3) Which of the following is true of exercise in the heat?
A)Sport drinks are not recommended for exercise in the heat.
B)Thirst is an accurate indicator of the need for fluids.
C)Evaporation of sweat is enhanced in a humid environment.
D)Evaporation of sweat is our primary mode of heat loss.
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Chapter 5: The Health Benefits of Physical Activity
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Q1) Which is NOT a primary risk factor for heart disease?
A)smoking
B)stress
C)hypertension
D)physical inactivity
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding physical activity and cancer?
A)Physical activity has not been shown to impact cancer.
B)Physical activity is known to create toxins that kill cancer cells.
C)Physical activity has been shown to reduce risks of some cancers.
D)Physical activity alters symptoms of cancer but not the disease itself.
Q3) Hypokinetic diseases refer to those that are caused by A)inactivity.
B)infections.
C)high blood pressure.
D)high cholesterol.
Q4) Chest pain is also known as A)pectoralis major.
B)coronary bypass.
C)atherosclerosis.
D)angina pectoris.
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Chapter 6: How Much Physical Activity Is Enough
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Q1) Increasing weight for the bench press exercise by 10 pounds is an application of which fitness principle?
A)overload
B)specificity
C)adaptation
D)diminished returns
Q2) What does the FITT formula stand for?
A)guidelines for how often,how hard,and how long one should exercise
B)the minimum amount of exercise required for physical fitness
C)the Fundamental Intensity Threshold formula
D)an acronym standing for Functional Intensity Training
Q3) Running up a hill to strengthen the leg muscles for participation in a cross-country race is an application of which fitness principle?
A)overload
B)progression
C)rest and recovery
D)specificity
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Chapter 7: Moving From Inactivity to Moderate-Intensity
Active Lifestyles
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Q1) Brisk walking can be considered a "vigorous" activity for people with what level of fitness?
A)low fitness
B)good fitness
C)high performance
D)none of the above
Q2) _______ is the best example of "lifestyle" physical activity.
A)Jogging
B)Raking leaves
C)Playing tennis
D)Fitness walking
Q3) What is the approximate caloric equivalent of 1 MET?
A)50 kcal
B)100 kcal/kg/hour
C)200 calories/hour
D)400 kcal/kg
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Chapter 8: Cardiorespiratory Endurance
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Q1) Target zones for cardiorespiratory endurance are most accurate if they are based on a percentage of
A)metabolic rate.
B)heart rate reserve.
C)maximal heart rate.
D)maximal speeD.
Q2) Veins contain small valves in order to
A)remove waste products from the blood.
B)aid in circulation.
C)pump blood to the heart.
D)prevent the backward flow of blooD.
Q3) Good coronary circulation
A)strengthens heart valves by moving more blood through the heart.
B)nourishes the heart and reduces the risk of a heart attack.
C)helps to prevent blood pooling in the lower extremities.
D)increases blood pressure in the heart.
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Chapter 9: Vigorous Aerobics, Sports, and Recreational Activities
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Q1) ___________ activity is defined as rhythmical,using large muscles,and performed in a continuous manner.
A)Flexibility
B)Resistance
C)Anaerobic
D)Aerobic
Q2) Which is characteristic of "spinning" classes on a bike?
A)changing speeds and intensities
B)high intensity
C)easy cadence for beginning cyclists
D)incorporation of resistance activity
Q3) Which is TRUE based on the national surveys of sports and fitness activities?
A)Team sports are more popular than vigorous individual activities.
B)Baby boomers are more active than younger generations (Gen X or Gen Y).
C)Participation in "racquet sports" is consistently higher than "outdoor sports."
D)Participation rates in "individual sports" are greater than "team sports" for adults.
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Chapter 10: Muscle Fitness and Resistance Exercise
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Q1) Individuals with a large percentage of fast-twitch muscle fibers will generally
A)increase muscle size and strength more quickly than those with a large percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers.
B)increase muscular endurance more quickly than those with a large percentage of slow-twitch muscle fibers.
C)gain muscular strength and size more slowly than those with a large percentage of slow-twitch fibers.
D)gain relative strength faster than absolute strength.
Q2) Which type of training is most often used for the development of explosive power?
A)plyometric
B)isokinetic
C)isometric
D)periodization
Q3) Which of the following types of muscle is found in the digestive tract?
A)cardiac
B)smooth
C)skeletal
D)circular
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Chapter 11: Flexibility
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Q1) Bands of tissue that connect bones are
A)ligaments.
B)tendons.
C)muscles.
D)fibroids.
Q2) PNF (Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation)uses which of the following?
A)isometric phase
B)relaxation phase
C)static stretch phase
D)all the above
Q3) Use of a partner to aid in stretching is characteristic of A)static stretching.
B)ballistic stretching.
C)dynamic stretching.
D)passive assistance.
Q4) Static stretching refers to which of the following?
A)performed slowly and held for a period of seconds
B)stretched to the point of tension
C)active muscle must be bounced
D)both A and B
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Body Mechanics: Posture, Questionable
Exercises, and Care of the Back and Neck
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Q1) What is the main benefit of the curvature in the spinal column (lordotic curve)?
A)It allows better protection of the spinal cord.
B)It permits movement.
C)It helps balance forces on the body and minimizes muscle tension.
D)It assists in head control.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding core musculature?
A)Core mobilizers are small,deep muscles which contract isometrically to produce movement.
B)Examples of core mobilizers include the transversus abdominus,diaphragm,and pelvic floor musculature.
C)Core stabilizers are deeply located muscles which provide local spinal support and stiffness.
D)Core stabilizers are best trained using fast contractions,resistive forces,and fewer repetitions.
Q3) What is the consequence of a forward head posture?
A)low back tension
B)neck pain
C)herniated disks
D)arthritis
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Performance Benefits of Physical Activity
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Q1) Bodybuilders are generally judged on which two components?
A)strength/power
B)hypertropy/definition
C)strength/endurance
D)aerobic/anaerobic
Q2) Which of the following is least likely to be considered a psychological ergogenic aid?
A)mental imagery
B)hypnosis
C)concentration activities
D)time management
Q3) Which of the following is true of skill-related fitness?
A)Skills can't be learned without good skill-related fitness.
B)Skill-related fitness makes it easier to learn skills.
C)Some people have a "high motor ability" and excel in all aspects of skill-related fitness.
D)Reaction time can be learned with feedback and practice.
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Chapter 14: Body Composition
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Q1) Which of the following best characterizes the clinical term of "obesity?"
A)excessive body fat
B)extreme lipedemia
C)metabolic dis-regulation
D)extreme overweight
Q2) Which of the following is most likely to be the cause of "creeping obesity?"
A)increased caloric intake with age
B)increased metabolic rate with age
C)decreased exercise with age
D)glandular problems that develop after age 30
Q3) Which is true of a person's basal metabolic rate (BMR)?
A)BMR increases with age.
B)It is determined largely by muscle mass.
C)A low BMR is an advantage for long-term weight control.
D)BMR is hereditarily determineD.
Q4) Waist circumference provides an estimate of A)body fat percentage.
B)visceral fat distribution.
C)cholesterol levels.
D)skinfold measurements.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Nutrition
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Q1) Which of the following is added to breads and other grain products in an effort to reduce birth defects?
A)folic acid
B)niacin
C)thiamin
D)calcium
Q2) _______ is necessary for proper muscle function.
A)Iron
B)Calcium
C)Sodium
D)Potassium
Q3) A synthetic fat that passes through the gastrointestinal system without being digested is known as
A)extra-fat.
B)new-trim.
C)benecol.
D)olestra.
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Chapter 16: Managing Diet and Activity for Healthy Body
Fatness
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT one of the components of daily energy expenditure?
A)energetics
B)basal metabolism
C)physical activity
D)thermogenesis
Q2) What are the typical estimates of daily calories for women and men?
A)women: 600 to 1,000;men: 1,000 to 1,400
B)women: 1,200 to 1,600;men: 1,500 to 2,000
C)women: 1,800 to 2200;men: 1,800 to 2,200
D)women: 2,000 to 2,250;men: 2,250 to 2,500
Q3) Which of the following captures the essence of "emotional eating?"
A)eating based on periodic changes in mood
B)restricting eating patterns during social settings
C)balancing intake with expenditure
D)using food as a source of comfort when you feel sad,anxious,or bored
Q4) What is the most important consideration for a long-term fat-loss diet?
A)making small changes that can be maintained over a long period of time
B)making changes that lead to reductions in consumption of carbohydrates
C)switching to supplements that have balanced and controlled nutrients
D)restricting the number of meals consumed to reduce intakes over time
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Chapter 17: Stress and Health
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Q1) Which of the following is considered a major stressor?
A)financial problems
B)work relationships
C)time pressures
D)family disagreements
Q2) What characteristics are associated with conscientious?
A)courteous,warm,and understanding
B)organized,thoughtfulness,and goal-directed
C)open to experiences,accepting,and living in the moment
D)honest,candid,and careful
Q3) Which of the following influences susceptibility to negative stressors?
A)mood
B)appraisal
C)experience
D)attitude
Q4) What type of job might cause a person to experience "hypostress?"
A)air traffic controller
B)emergency room doctor
C)crime scene investigator
D)assembly line worker
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Chapter 18: Stress Management, Relaxation, and Time Management
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Q1) A good definition of "leisure time" is
A)time that is used for fitness development.
B)time that is wasted.
C)time that is free from demands.
D)time that is spent resting.
Q2) Which is a stress-related term used to describe negative or "automatic thinking?"
A)cognitive dissonance
B)appraisal evaluation
C)distorted thinking
D)controlled emotions
Q3) Which of the following is considered an appraisal-focused strategy for stress management?
A)talking about an issue with friends
B)going for a walk to change your mood
C)seeking input to solve the problem
D)listening to music to relax
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Chapter 19: The Use and Abuse of Tobacco
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Q1) Which of the following is least likely to determine the dose of (or exposure to)tobacco?
A)the brand of cigarettes
B)the depth of inhalation
C)the length of time smoked
D)the number of cigarettes smoked
Q2) Which is true of smoking?
A)Most smokers want to quit.
B)Rates of smoking have increased in recent years.
C)Women are more likely to smoke than men.
D)New cigarettes are safer than those produced in the past.
Q3) Using smokeless tobacco will most greatly increase the risk of
A)kidney cancer.
B)throat cancer.
C)lung cancer.
D)oral cavity cancer.
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Chapter 20: The Use and Abuse of Alcohol
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Q1) Consumption of which of the following will result in the highest blood alcohol content?
A)6 12-ounce beers
B)7 1.25-ounce shots of tequila
C)4 6-ounce glasses of wine
D)All have the same alcohol content and will result in similar blood alcohol content.
Q2) What factor has contributed to a dramatic decrease in alcohol-related traffic fatalities?
A)lowering legal limits to .08
B)raising the drinking age to 21
C)random check points on highways
D)both A and B
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true regarding alcohol?
A)Alcohol problems run in families.
B)Those who begin drinking at an earlier age are at risk for the development of alcohol use disorders.
C)Youth exposure to alcohol advertising has decreased in recent years.
D)Genetics account for roughly half of the risk for alcohol dependence.
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Chapter 21: The Use and Abuse of Other Drugs
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Q1) It is easier to become addicted to methamphetamine when it is
A)inhaled.
B)injected.
C)smoked.
D)swalloweD.
Q2) Which is the most commonly used illegal drug?
A)cocaine
B)marijuana
C)opium
D)heroin
Q3) Which of the following is NOT classified as a "designer drug?"
A)rohypnol
B)ketamine
C)ecstasy
D)meth ("ice")
Q4) According to a recent study,use of marijuana increased the risk of experiencing
A)generalized anxiety disorder.
B)panic attacks.
C)phobias.
D)schizophrenia.
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Chapter 22: Preventing Sexually Transmitted Infections
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Q1) Which of the following could possibly decrease the risk of transmission from HIV-infected mothers to their children?
A)prenatal vitamins
B)cesarean section
C)breastfeeding
D)blood transfusion
Q2) Which is true of bacterial STIs?
A)They can be cured.
B)They are more serious than viral ones.
C)They cause no long-term health risks.
D)They are not considered to be infectious.
Q3) Which of the following has been the most frequently reported STI in the United States for the past decade?
A)genital herpes
B)genital warts
C)gonorrhea
D)chlamydia
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Chapter 23: Cancer,Diabetes,and Other Health Threats
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Q1) Which acronym helps you to recognize cancer warning signs?
A)"BEWARE"
B)"LIFE"
C)"PREPARE"
D)"CAUTION"
Q2) Which of the following recommendations is TRUE of breast cancer screening?
A)All women should have a mammogram every year after the age of 30 regardless of risks.
B)The American Cancer Society recommends mammograms every year for women over 40.
C)The U.S.Preventive Services Task Force cautioned against the use of mammography for women 50 years or older.
D)Mammograms are not recommended for breast cancer screening.
Q3) What is it called when cancer cells spread to other parts of the body?
A)mastectomy
B)benign
C)metastasize
D)mammogram
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Chapter 24: Evaluating Fitness and Wellness Products:
Becoming an Informed Consumer
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Q1) Quacks
A)have nothing to sell.
B)belong to organized medicine.
C)support their claims by testimonials.
D)use controlled scientific experiments.
Q2) Which of the following statements is LEAST likely to be true regarding information found on the Internet?
A)Internet regulations ensure that claims posted online are accurate.
B)In general,government websites are good sources that contain valid information prepared by experts and based on scientific research.
C)In general,websites sponsored by educational institutions are good sources that contain valid information.
D)National organizations or agencies can provide excellent resources for your benefit.
Q3) The use of hand weights while walking
A)significantly increases the energy expended.
B)has been shown to only benefit coronary patients.
C)increases blood pressure.
D)is more risky than using ankle weights.
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Chapter 25: Toward Optimal Health and Wellness: Planning for Healthy Lifestyle Change
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Q1) According to Healthy People 2020,the broad vision is to create a society in which all people do what?
A)Live long,healthy lives.
B)Learn about sustainable living.
C)Understand the health care system.
D)Become self-directed learners.
Q2) Supportive personal relationships and stress management skills are important for which dimension of wellness?
A)spiritual environment
B)social environment
C)emotional environment
D)intellectual environment
Q3) A medical power of attorney
A)spells out the treatments you desire in the case of severe illness.
B)provides counseling in court regarding medical malpractice.
C)is unnecessary for individuals under 30 years of age.
D)is uncommon in the United States but popular in Europe.
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