Foundations of Nursing Practice
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Nursing Practice introduces students to the essential principles, theories, and skills necessary for effective nursing care. The course covers the history and development of nursing, the roles and responsibilities of professional nurses, and key concepts such as patient safety, health assessment, communication, and culturally competent care. Emphasis is placed on the nursing process, clinical reasoning, ethical and legal considerations, and evidence-based practice. Through a combination of classroom instruction and hands-on laboratory experiences, students develop fundamental skills in patient assessment, documentation, and basic interventions, preparing them for more advanced nursing coursework and clinical practice.
Recommended Textbook
Ebersole and Hess Gerontological Nursing and Healthy Aging Edition 1st Canadian Edition by Theris
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26 Chapters
306 Verified Questions
306 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Healthy Aging
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17 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse plans care for an older male adult who lives on Old Age Security pension and a small pension after retirement, and has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which aspect of this man's life should the nurse integrate into a positive approach to his health and well-being?
A) He practises effective glucose control.
B) He lives alone in a high-rise apartment.
C) He lacks low-cost, reliable transportation.
D) He attends weekly lunches at his local diner.
Answer: A
Q2) Historical influences that have shaped the lives of the majority of the middle-old in Canada today include which of the following?
A) Influenza epidemic of 1918
B) Immigration from Communist Europe
C) Child-rearing during the Depression
D) World War II
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: Gerontological Nursing History, Education, and Roles
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Sample Questions
Q1) A male older adult is transferred to a hospice facility with end-stage disease. Which of the following is a suitable nursing intervention for this older adult and his family, according to the Canadian Gerontological Nursing Association's Standards of Practice?
A) Decrease the analgesic dose to prevent sedation.
B) Provide a basin and towels for morning self-care.
C) Inform family members about strict visiting hours.
D) Facilitate family rituals related to death and dying.
Answer: D
Q2) A nursing home executive interviews RNs to fill a full-time position for direct patient care, to maintain the standards of older adult care. Which nurse should the nursing home hire?
A) A nurse from a certified university
B) A certified gerontological nurse
C) A nurse with 15 years of experience
D) A gerontological nurse practitioner
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Communicating With Older Adults
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dysarthria is defined by which of the following descriptions?
A) Dysarthria is difficulty in coming up with the correct word.
B) Dysarthria is difficulty in physically producing the sounds of speech.
C) Dysarthria is difficulty in speaking when the person is thinking about what to say.
D) Dysarthria is difficulty in understanding speech.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following is a good strategy to use for teaching older adult learners?
A) Use printed materials in soft colours.
B) Provide extra time for the learner to respond.
C) Use a pleasant soprano voice in audio materials.
D) Cover a diverse range of topics in each session.
Answer: B
Q3) A patient says, "Peace wing we uh meng meng." What is your response?
A) "I'm sorry, that doesn't make any sense."
B) "Please try to speak more clearly."
C) "Excuse me, I didn't understand that."
D) "What would you like me to bring you?"
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Culture, Ethnicity, and Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) A resident in a nursing home insists that a priest hear his confession. The resident is very anxious, and the nursing home does not have a Roman Catholic chaplain. Which one of the following interventions should the nurse implement?
A) A rabbi is coming to visit the home this evening. Arrange an appointment for the resident.
B) Report the resident's change in behaviour in detail so that the attending physician can prescribe medication appropriately.
C) Refer the resident to the staff psychologist to address the underlying cause of the patient's anxiety.
D) Contact a Roman Catholic church, and request that the priest visit the resident.
Q2) Which health belief system uses treatments to repair a body part?
A) Holistic
B) Biomedical
C) Personalistic
D) Magicoreligious
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Chapter 5: Nursing Documentation for Optimal Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mrs. Smadu, who is 80 years of age, was recently admitted to a long-term care setting. Over the past month, Mrs. Smadu appears to be deteriorating. She does not wish to eat, sleeps all the time, and is not able to participate in any of her activities of daily living. Which of the following assessment tools will help inform and guide comprehensive care and planning for this older adult?
A) Clinical Assessment Protocols (CAPs)
B) Continuing Care Reporting System (CCRS)
C) Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI)
D) Utilization Guide (UG)
Q2) Using the Resident Assessment Instrument (RAI), the nurse identifies a trigger from the Minimum Data Set (MDS) for an older adult in a nursing home who requires an indwelling urinary catheter. Which should the nurse do next?
A) The nurse should develop a patient-centred plan of care.
B) The nurse should assign suitable nursing interventions.
C) The nurse should use the Resident Assessment Protocols (RAPs).
D) The nurse should institute agency-approved catheter care.
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Chapter 6: Biological Theories of Aging and Physical
Changes of Aging
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which change in the skin is abnormal in an older person?
A) Thinner and more fragile skin
B) A red, purulent, swollen three-day-old wound
C) Mottled pigmentation and greater number of freckles
D) Loss of hair on the extremities
Q2) The nurse administers an antibiotic and naproxen, an anti-inflammatory medication, to an older female adult. Which laboratory test result should the nurse monitor to gauge if this older adult's kidneys are able to metabolize the medication?
A) Urine creatinine
B) Indirect bilirubin
C) Serum creatinine
D) White blood cells
Q3) Decreased functioning of which physical structure is likely to result in decreased metabolism in older adults?
A) Kidney
B) Thyroid gland
C) Brain
D) Skeleton
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Chapter 7: Social, Psychological, Spiritual, and Cognitive Aspects of Aging
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about sociological theories of aging?
A) Disengagement theory, activity theory, and continuity theory are supported by data.
B) Everyone should be able to achieve the three tasks of Peck's model of integrity.
C) The exercising of rights is not a task of aging in Kelly's model.
D) A person may choose to avoid pursuing inner discovery in old age.
Q2) The nurse plans care for older adults who are in good health but isolated from their families. If the nurse's goal is to move the adults toward gerotranscendence, which of the following interventions should the nurse use in the plan of care?
A) Give a daily tea party for the group.
B) Call each family to encourage visiting.
C) Assist them to resume midlife patterns.
D) Encourage each person to focus on individual activities.
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Chapter 8: Nutritional Needs
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bowel function in the older adult can be a source of concern, and potentially serious problems may develop. What mechanical factors may contribute to constipation in the older adult?
A) Inadequate toileting
B) Abscess or ulcer of the anal sphincter
C) Altered cognitive status
D) Irregular defecation habits
Q2) An older adult who has iron deficiency anemia complains of abdominal pain, fullness, and diarrhea over a period of 24 hours. Which patient data potentially indicate a systemic cause of this individual's constipation?
A) Abdominal pain
B) Feeling of fullness
C) Loose, watery stools
D) Iron deficiency anemia
Q3) Which of the following is a true statement about dental health in older adults?
A) Most people can expect to lose most of their teeth by old age.
B) Excessive saliva production is a common problem among older adults.
C) Functional and cognitive limitations may contribute to poor oral hygiene.
D) A little blood on the toothbrush is normal.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Hydration and Continence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of incontinence is characterized by a large residual urine volume?
A) Urge incontinence
B) Stress incontinence
C) Overflow incontinence
D) Functional incontinence
Q2) Which of the following is a true statement about dehydration in an older adult?
A) Urine flow gradually decreases in an older adult.
B) Older adults generally need less fluid than younger people, because of their lower body water content.
C) Urine specific gravity and skin turgor can be used to diagnose dehydration in older adults and in younger people.
D) Multiple physiological changes of aging place older adults at greater risk of dehydration than middle-aged persons or children.
Q3) Which one of the following signs and symptoms is characteristic of a urinary tract infection (UTI) in an older adult?
A) Fever
B) Dysuria
C) Anorexia
D) Flank pain
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Chapter 10: Rest, Sleep, and Activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older female adult maintains an active lifestyle, playing various games with friends. She reports to the nurse that she experiences wakefulness during the night and an inability to fall asleep after waking up at night. Which intervention should the nurse implement to improve the quality of this woman's sleep?
A) Recommend preparation for sleep.
B) Suggest trying a cup of warm milk at bedtime.
C) Inquire about her nightly sleep habits.
D) Propose volunteer work at a thrift shop.
Q2) The older adult residents of an assisted-living facility are preparing for a 14-day trip to Europe. Which of the following is the most important exercise for the nurse to recommend for the group?
A) Practise standing on one foot for 30 seconds.
B) Move light weights in a rowing motion eight times.
C) Stretch the hips by pulling the knee to the chest.
D) Swim laps in the pool for ten minutes continuously.
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Chapter 11: Promoting Healthy Skin and Feet
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about impaired skin integrity?
A) A stage III pressure ulcer can regress to stage II as the subcutaneous tissues regenerate.
B) Stasis ulcer is another term for pressure ulcer.
C) An unstageable wound presents with redness and blistering.
D) Anemia and poor nutritional status correlate with poor healing of pressure ulcers.
Q2) An older adult sleeps in a recliner with his cool, greyish-coloured feet on the floor. What should the nurse investigate to assess the vascular status of this older adult?
A) Ability to stand during activities of daily living
B) Lateral ulcerations with brownish discoloration
C) Complaints of dull aching and peripheral edema
D) History of dyslipidemia and hypertension
Q3) Which nursing intervention is most likely to prevent the creation of an environment that is conducive to fungal growth?
A) Provide oral care with soft-bristled brush.
B) Apply nystatin powder to reddened tissue.
C) Use mild skin cleansing agents and blot dry.
D) Apply gauze soaked with antifungal lotion.
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13
Chapter 12: Maintaining Mobility and Environmental Safety
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about assistive devices to aid older adults with impaired mobility?
A) When using a walker, armless chairs provide more ease when moving from sitting to standing.
B) Assistive devices do not contribute to falls and injuries.
C) Older adults save money by adapting assistive devices given to them from their friends.
D) A walker is most useful for unilateral disabilities, but not for bilateral problems.
Q2) An older female adult who receives intravenous (IV) fluids is making wide gesticulations with her arms and insulting the nursing staff loudly. Which intervention should the nurse implement to maintain safe, effective nursing care initially?
A) Apply bilateral upper extremity restraints.
B) Administer haloperidol (Haldol) for agitation.
C) Close the door to her room to reduce the noise.
D) Use a temporary air splint to prevent elbow and wrist flexion.
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Chapter 13: Assessment Tools in Gerontological Nursing
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of assessment tool gives the most reliable results for an older adult?
A) Medical history
B) Self-report
C) Observational
D) Report-by-proxy
Q2) Which question or command is a part of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS)?
A) "Do you have the coordination, balance, and strength to participate in day-to-day life?"
B) "How often does your family provide support for you?"
C) "Do you prefer to stay at home rather than go out and do things?"
D) "Please repeat the three words I asked you to remember."
Q3) The FANCAPES model represents Fluids, Aeration, Nutrition, Communication, Activity, Pain, Elimination, and Socialization. When would this tool be used to assess an older adult?
A) To determine functional performance
B) To determine mental status
C) To determine physical assistance
D) To determine caregiver burden
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15
Chapter 14: Safe Medication Use for Older Adults
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9 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older adult who has an albumin level of 25 g/L takes aspirin and phenytoin (Dilantin) by mouth daily. Which adverse effect of these medications does the nurse expect because of the older adult's nutritional status?
A) Depressed mood
B) Clay-coloured stools
C) Increased heart rate
D) Gingival hyperplasia
Q2) The relationship of biological rhythms to variations in the body's response to drugs is known as chronopharmacology. When caring for an older adult with asthma, what information would help guide the nurse in planning the time to administer medication to the patient?
A) The asthma is most distressing before bedtime.
B) The asthma is most distressing at mid-day.
C) The asthma is most distressing between four and five A.M.
D) The asthma is most distressing after performing activities of daily living.
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Chapter 15: Living With Chronic Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following descriptors represents a phase of the chronic illness trajectory (CIT)?
A) Caring
B) Stable
C) Bargaining
D) Rehabilitation
Q2) Which statement is true about rehabilitation and restorative care for older adults?
A) The purpose is to regain specific abilities lost because of a condition.
B) Rehabilitation consists primarily of regular physiotherapy sessions.
C) A person can learn skills and gain abilities that enable functioning.
D) The patient's capabilities are recognized at the time of admission.
Q3) An older male adult who has osteoarthritis tells the nurse that he has experienced fatigue for the past two weeks. Which nursing intervention should the nurse implement to help him manage fatigue?
A) Recommend an antidepressant.
B) Help him plan exercise and rest.
C) Plan two or three naps every day.
D) Tell him the fatigue is due to osteoarthritis.
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17
Chapter 16: Pain and Comfort
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Sample Questions
Q1) The older adult is at higher risk for acute psychological pain compared to a younger adult because of which of the following statements about older adults?
A) Older adults have less tolerance for pain.
B) Older adults possess fewer assets.
C) Older adults experience more loss.
D) Older adults live with impairments.
Q2) The nurse admits an older male patient who had abdominal surgery. Admission vital signs are P 73, R 20, BP 136/84 mm Hg. He is receiving intravenous (IV) fluids but has not requested pain medication since surgery. Seven hours later, his vital signs are P 98, R 26, BP 164/90 mm Hg, and he denies pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
A) Administer an opioid medication by IV route.
B) Check the surgical dressing for bleeding.
C) Report the vital signs to the health care provider.
D) Ask him about discomfort at the surgical site.
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Chapter 17: Diabetes Mellitus
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a true statement about diabetes mellitus?
A) Type 2 diabetes results from a failure of the pancreas to produce insulin.
B) Diabetes is diagnosed after two fasting plasma glucose readings over 5.6-6.9 mmol/L (125 mg/dL).
C) Non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is another name for type 1 diabetes.
D) The incidence of diabetes mellitus does not increase with age.
Q2) The nurse assists an older male adult with type 2 diabetes mellitus to improve his glucose control. What does the nurse instruct this individual to do when he plans to walk more than usual in one day?
A) Omit antidiabetic medication.
B) Wear sturdy open-toed shoes.
C) Supplement his caloric intake.
D) Prepare to administer insulin.
Q3) Which comorbidity commonly associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus enhances the development of the microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus?
A) Dyslipidemia
B) Hypothyroidism
C) Venous insufficiency
D) Chronic constipation
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Bone and Joint Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about osteoporosis is true?
A) Osteoporosis is indicative of an underlying health problem.
B) The most common site for osteoporosis fractures is in the long bones.
C) Women who are of African descent have the highest risk for osteoporosis.
D) A high risk of death follows an osteoporosis-related hip fracture.
Q2) Which one of the following is a suitable nursing intervention for an older adult who has gout?
A) Vitamin D 400-1000 international units (IU)
B) Liquid paraffin hand baths and disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
C) A diet low in purines
D) Aspirin 500 mg daily
Q3) An older male adult who has hyperuricemia complains of severe pain in the right ankle. Which instruction should the nurse include in patient teaching to enhance the action of medication the patient takes for his condition?
A) Avoid dehydration by drinking water.
B) Take aspirin when joints are red and hot.
C) Comply with antihypertensive diuretic regimen.
D) Avoid game meat, asparagus, and alcohol.
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Chapter 19: Visual and Auditory Changes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following methods is used to treat the most common cause of impairment to an older person's hearing?
A) Hearing aids
B) Cochlear implants
C) Ear canal irrigation
D) Sign language
Q2) The etiology of glaucoma is variable and often unknown. Which type of glaucoma in the older adult is the most urgent and requires medical attention?
A) Primary open-angle glaucoma
B) Acute angle-closure glaucoma
C) Low tension glaucoma
D) Normal tension glaucoma
Q3) An older male adult who has tinnitus complains to the nurse that it is very annoying. The nurse should implement which one of the following to alleviate the stress this patient is experiencing from tinnitus?
A) Irrigate bilateral Eustachian tubes.
B) Assess for modifiable risk factors.
C) Propose a hearing aid and a masker.
D) Use white noise to override tinnitus.
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) An older male adult in a cardiac rehabilitation exercise class refuses to participate in the cool-down phase of the activity, and two minutes later, he passes out but regains consciousness quickly. Which of the following instructions does the nurse include in patient teaching to reinforce to this older adult the importance of cooling down after exercise?
A) Cardiac output diminishes with age.
B) Mobility capacity decreases with age.
C) Baroreceptor function diminishes with age.
D) Sensory perception diminishes with age.
Q2) After an older adult's acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), the nurse prepares the patient for discharge to home. What is the most important patient teaching for the nurse to include for the prevention of hospitalizations for exacerbation of COPD?
A) Ease breathing by sitting upright.
B) Use low-flow oxygen for dyspnea.
C) Avoid sick people and wash hands.
D) Eat nutrient- and calorie-dense food.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Cognitive Impairment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Confirming a diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease in an older adult can be achieved by detecting or utilizing which of the following tests or assessments?
A) Clinical observation of dementia and delirium in the older adult
B) Observing the inability of the older adult to speak with relevance and fluency
C) Neurofibrillary tangles and beta amyloid plaques observed during autopsy
D) Computed axial tomographic scan (CT scan)
Q2) An older female adult has a wound infection five days after having undergone a below-the-knee amputation brought about by diabetes mellitus. What is the nurse's priority intervention to prevent cognitive dysfunction and postoperative complications in this older adult?
A) Remove invasive devices as soon as possible.
B) Minimize administration of opioid analgesics.
C) Allow for self-care and independent activities.
D) Administer short-acting benzodiazepines as needed (PRN).
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23
Chapter 22: Economic and Legal Issues
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Q1) The National Advisory Committee on Aging (NACA) has raised an important issue of "under-subscription," that is, people who are eligible for the GIS, the Allowance, Old Age Security (OAS), or the Allowance for the Survivor, but who do not receive it because they have not applied or reapplied for the benefits. Which of the following groups constitutes the majority of those who do not subscribe or apply for OAS benefits?
A) Canadians who do not speak English or French, or who have low literacy
B) Canadians who live in remote regions
C) Canadians who are homeless
D) Canadians who are older women
Q2) The nurse distrusts the male caregiver, the son of an older female adult, and collaborates with social services about potential resources for abused older adults. Which characteristics of the caregiver does the nurse report to social services as indicators of potential elder abuse?
A) The caregiver collects unemployment benefits.
B) The caregiver finds fault with any nursing care.
C) The caregiver takes frequent breaks for smoking.
D) The caregiver sits at the patient's bedside for hours daily.
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Relationships, Roles, and Transitions
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true about caregiving?
A) Dementia in an older adult can cause grief in the caregiver, comparable to the grief from the older adult's death.
B) Middle-aged adults and older parents reverse lifelong caregiving roles with increasing age.
C) Older adults should relocate to the caregiver's home when long distances separate the two.
D) Increasing numbers of adult children who are developmentally disabled become caregivers for their older parents.
Q2) What is the most important element for older adults to have to enhance their transition into retirement?
A) Good health
B) A private pension
C) A registered retirement savings plan (RRSP)
D) Preretirement planning
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25
Chapter 24: Mental Health and Wellness in Later Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about suicide among older adults is true?
A) Older adults and young adults manifest suicidal intent in similar ways.
B) Older female adults have the highest risk of suicide.
C) Ethics require that the nurse respect a person's intent to terminate his or her own life.
D) Depression and other mental health problems contribute to the risk of suicide.
Q2) Although an older male adult who was forced to retire from law enforcement has multiple physical complaints, the primary care health care provider finds nothing abnormal. After the man tells the nurse that his girlfriend just left him, what is the priority nursing intervention to complete before this older adult leaves?
A) Ask him how he plans to cope with his loss.
B) Use direct questions about access to firearms.
C) Collaborate with the provider for antidepressants.
D) Allow him to express himself by intent listening.
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Chapter 25: Loss, Grief, Dying, and Death in Later Life
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Q1) Nurses have had strong opinions both for and against assisted passive euthanasia. Considerable confusion exists regarding terminology and interpretation of what effects the nurse's role may have in end-of-life care or palliative care. Which one of the following might constitute an example of active euthanasia?
A) Relieving patient suffering and improving the person's quality of living until death
B) Discontinuing tube feeds, but continuing with intravenous fluids
C) The physician providing the patient with sleeping pills and instructions about a lethal dose
D) A patient voluntarily requesting to be helped to die and receiving a lethal injection of pain-relieving medication
Q2) When an older female adult who is close to death asks the family to leave after short visits and acts withdrawn in their presence, the family becomes distraught. What does the nurse include in family teaching to explain the patient's behaviour?
A) The patient is preoccupied with her own death.
B) The patient must have unresolved family issues.
C) The patient can be experiencing anticipatory grief.
D) The patient's body prepares for death in this manner.
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Chapter 26: Care Across the Continuum
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Sample Questions
Q1) Residential options for older adults range along a continuum, from remaining in one's own home; to senior retirement communities; to shared housing with family members, friends, or others; to residential care communities such as assisted living settings. Mrs. Chung is moving into a retirement home in her community. How would you describe Mrs. Chung's level of residential living?
A) Partial to complete dependence
B) Independence
C) Independence to partial dependence
D) Complete dependence to end-of-life care
Q2) A family that includes three small children prepares to move an older female parent into their home, knowing that she stays up all night, and the nurse helps the family prepare for this change. Which part of planning should the nurse indicate is the family's highest priority?
A) Sharing household responsibilities
B) Preparing the house for her arrival
C) Helping her use her skills and talents
D) Setting limits on nighttime activities
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