Foundations of Nursing Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Nursing introduces students to the essential concepts, principles, and skills necessary for effective nursing practice. This course covers the historical evolution of nursing, ethical and legal considerations, basic patient care techniques, communication, and the nursing process. Students gain an understanding of holistic care, health promotion, safety, and the role of evidence-based practice in clinical settings. Emphasis is placed on developing critical thinking, cultural competence, and professional behaviors that form the basis for future nursing education and practice.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Medical Surgical Nursing 6th Edition by Linton
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Health Care System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Balanced Budget Act of 1997 was the cause of closures of many proprietary home health care agencies because the Act:
A) Specified that all care be given by registered nurses (RNs).
B) Listed specific diagnoses that could qualify a patient for home health care.
C) Limited the amount of money that could be spent on a patient.
D) Increased the criteria for patient eligibility for home care.
Answer: C
Q2) An 89-year-old man,who was recently discharged from a rehabilitation hospital because of an inability to concentrate and frequent memory lapses,cannot be left alone while his family works.What options can the discharge planning team suggest that will satisfy safety concerns and give the greatest quality of life to the patient?
A) Placement in a day care center from 8 AM to 5 PM daily
B) Placement in a long-term psychiatric facility
C) Placement in a high-security nursing home
D) Admission to a general hospital for evaluation
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Patient Care Settings
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Sample Questions
Q1) While the home health nurse is making the entry to a service assessment on a home-bound patient,the wife of the patient asks whether Medicare will cover the patient's ventilator therapy and his insulin injections.The nurse responds:
A) "Yes, Medicare will cover both the ventilator therapy and the insulin injections."
B) "No, Medicare will not cover either of these ongoing therapies."
C) "Medicare will cover the ventilator therapy, but it does not cover the insulin injections."
D) "Medicare will cover the ongoing insulin therapy, but it does not cover a highly technical skill such as ventilator therapy."
Answer: C
Q2) A patient with multiple sclerosis must be fed,bathed,and dressed.The nurse assesses the patient to be:
A) Disabled
B) Disadvantaged
C) Handicapped
D) Impaired
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Legal and Ethical Considerations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The LPN/LVN charted that "the patient was drunk and acted in a crazy manner." The team leader has cautioned that such documentation would leave the LPN/LVN open to charges of commission of the intentional tort of:
A) Assault
B) Wrongful publication
C) Defamation of character
D) Invasion of privacy
Answer: C
Q2) The physician has written an order for morphine sulfate,100 mg.The LPN/LVN inquires if he meant to write 10 mg.The physician confirms that he meant 100 mg.The LPN/LVN should:
A) Call a member of the hospital administration.
B) Refuse to transcribe the order.
C) Call the pharmacist.
D) Notify the nursing supervisor.
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: The Leadership Role of the Licensed Practical
Nurse
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Sample Questions
Q1) The team leader nurse is attending college classes for a degree after work and spends much of the day reading and writing.As a result,the staff is given few directions.They make their own patient assignments,time schedules,and solve problems among themselves.As a result,significant confusion is evident on the unit.This leader is practicing which leadership style?
A) Autocratic
B) Democratic
C) Laissez-faire
D) Participative
Q2) An LPN/LVN took the responsibility of working with the equipment company representative to learn about some new equipment coming to the facility.The LPN/LVN then developed and presented in-service teaching to the rest of the staff.This LPN/LVN is managing under management theory ____________________.
Q3) The task to which nurse aides may be delegated is:
A) Updating a nursing care plan
B) Developing a teaching plan
C) Weighing a patient
D) Evaluating pain medication responses
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Chapter 5: The Nurse-Patient Relationship
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Q1) On returning to the nurse's station,the licensed practical/vocational nurse (LPN/LVN)discovers that the daughter of a frail but competent resident is reading her mother's chart.The woman says,"I am entitled to see my mother's medical record." The nurse's best response would be:
A) "What is it that you believe you need to know? Give me the chart."
B) "You must understand that only your mother has the right to read the contents of her medical record. Please give me the chart."
C) "Although the chart itself is not available to you to read, I would be glad to try and answer any questions you have. May I have the chart, please?"
D) "Reading that chart is a very serious violation of your mother's privacy. I cannot allow you to see it. Please put the chart down."
Q2) The nurse assessing a patient's affect is trying to discern the patient's:
A) Problem
B) Mood
C) Orientation
D) Needs
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Chapter 6: Cultural Aspects of Nursing Care
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Q1) A Filipino man is admitting his elderly mother to a long-term care facility for custodial care.During the intake interview,the man is alternately tearful and defensive.The culturally competent nurse assesses the labile behavior as being related to the Filipino belief that:
A) Medical facilities are a place of death.
B) Families should care for the older family members at home.
C) His language barrier is causing him to be misunderstood.
D) Such facilities will limit visitations from the family.
Q2) A patient of Chinese descent is in the community clinic for treatment of his arthritis.The patient tells the nurse that his disease is a "hot disease." The nurse assesses that he is referring to the hot-cold theory,which holds that hot diseases are caused by:
A) His body's reaction to hot weather
B) Excessive blood and yellow bile
C) Invasion of hot or evil thoughts, causing his body to react
D) Overeating cold foods
Q3) The Asian theory of hot and cold as a source of illness is based on the imbalance of the four ____________________.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: The Nurse and the Family
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Q1) The current view of the family as a unit would generally best be described as:
A) Functioning together to provide security and support to its members
B) Functioning to meet the needs of society and support its members
C) A unit of two or more that shares common goals and mutual support
D) A unit of two or more joined together by mutual bonds and identity
Q2) The nurse makes a patient referral to community resource,knowing that such a resource can:
A) Provide helpful literature.
B) Offer ongoing and consistent assistance.
C) Reassure the family members that they are not alone.
D) Offer a variety of free services.
E) Organize a support group.
Q3) Children of racial minorities are more likely to live in a family that is:
A) Blended
B) Extended
C) Traditional
D) Nontraditional
Q4) The nurse congratulates the patient for successfully coping with a family crisis.The state of having used coping strategies effectively is classified as
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Chapter 8: Health and Illness
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient is being discharged from same-day surgery after a tonsillectomy.The nurse is aware that the patient will be in the phase of general adaptation syndrome,in which the body begins to heal after injury.This is called the:
A) Alarm stage
B) Resistance stage
C) Exhaustion stage
D) Initial stage
Q2) The nurse describes yoga as an alternative therapy that creates a __________________ intervention.
Q3) During the initial gathering of data,the patient reveals a weight loss of 17 pounds since the death of his spouse 5 weeks earlier.He says that he is not sleeping and has no appetite.Using Maslow's "Hierarchy of Needs," the nurse assesses that the unmet needs are in the category of:
A) Physiologic
B) Safety and security
C) Love and belonging
D) Self-actualization
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10
Chapter 9: Nutrition
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the body,carbohydrates are primarily converted to:
A) Glucose
B) Amino acids
C) Adipose tissue
D) Fatty acids
Q2) Lipoproteins carry cholesterol in the bloodstream.For this reason,primary caregivers are interested in monitoring lipid-density profiles.Which one of the following is of primary interest to the primary caregiver in relationship to the patient's risk for cardiovascular disease?
A) Very low-density lipoproteins (VLDLs) and hematocrit (Hct)
B) VLDLs and high-density lipoproteins (HDLs)
C) Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) and hemoglobin (Hgb)
D) LDLs and HDLs
Q3) The villi absorb the nutrients from the small intestine into the:
A) Large intestine
B) Blood and liver
C) Gallbladder and liver
D) Lymph and kidneys
Q4) The nurse calculates the needed kilocalories (kcal)for a 150-pound moderately active person to be ____________________.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Developmental Processes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The leading causes of death in the older aged adult include:
A) Vehicular accidents and suicide
B) Cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus
C) Alcoholism and cirrhosis
D) Cancer and strokes
Q2) The nurse observes all of the following behaviors in a 30-year-old man.The behavior that is not characteristic of a young adult's developmental task is:
A) Living in his or her own apartment.
B) Accepting a place on the board of a community agency.
C) Interacting with a large group of friends.
D) Dating many different young women.
Q3) The nurse assesses that the 22-year-old woman who is totally committed to her career and who does not date or socialize is experiencing the Eriksonian crises of
Q4) The term sandwich generation is used to describe:
A) Young adults who tend to eat on the run
B) Middle-aged adults caring for both children and parents
C) Single-parent households
D) Older adults who are in transition from independent to assisted living
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Chapter 11: The Older Patient
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the patient holds his Bible 6 inches from his face and turns his head to read out of the corner of his eyes,the nurse suspects that the patient is developing:
A) Cataracts
B) Glaucoma
C) Presbyopia
D) Macular degeneration
Q2) The nurse includes in her approach to nursing care that older adult patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI)are more likely to develop:
A) Dementia, non-Alzheimer type
B) Alzheimer dementia
C) Parkinson disease
D) Psychotic disorders
Q3) A new 72-year-old resident of a long-term care facility naps frequently during the day,stating that he is tired.The nurse should:
A) Obtain an order from the primary caregiver for a sedative.
B) Ask the patient if he is sleeping well at night.
C) Plan activities to keep the patient awake during the day.
D) Tell the patient that he cannot take any more naps.
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Chapter 12: The Nursing Process and Critical Thinking
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Q1) The nurse assisting with prioritizing nursing diagnoses would select which of the following as the highest priority?
A) Impaired adjustment
B) Acute pain
C) Risk for imbalanced body temperature
D) Ineffective airway clearance
Q2) In PIE documentation,a type of POMR,the acronym PIE stands for ____________________,____________________ and
Q3) When percussing the patient's abdomen,the nurse anticipates a note that is:
A) Flat
B) Dull
C) Tympanic
D) Resonant
Q4) Problem-oriented medical records (POMRs):
A) Focus on patient response to treatment.
B) Is source-oriented charting.
C) Reflect the patient's current problems.
D) Focus on medical diagnosis.
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Chapter 13: Inflammation, infection, and Immunity
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient is hospitalized with cryptococcal pneumonia and AIDS.The nurse knows that the Standard Precautions for this patient will include the most important precaution of:
A) Hands are washed before and after gloving.
B) Once gloves are put on, they do not need to be changed until care is finished.
C) Needles and sharps should be placed in puncture-resistant containers on the medicine cart out of the room.
D) Mouth-to-mouth resuscitation must be performed immediately unless the patient is a designated as "do not resuscitate."
Q2) The nurse is bathing a patient who is immunodeficient and suffering from a Cryptococcus infestation.The organism is classified as a:
A) Bacterium
B) Virus
C) Fungus
D) Protozoa
Q3) The nurse reminds the patient who is to undergo hyperbaric oxygen therapy that the clothing worn into the chamber must be made of ____________________.
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Chapter 14: Fluids and Electrolytes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse would instruct the patient with a K? level of 6.2 to avoid:
A) Lima beans
B) Bananas
C) Carrots
D) Tomatoes
E) Celery
Q2) A small child is hospitalized with severe metabolic acidosis after ingesting a whole bottle of baby aspirin approximately 8 hours earlier.The emphasis of the nursing care for this patient is reassuring the patient and:
A) Providing IV treatments as ordered but without sodium bicarbonate.
B) Frequently assessing the mental and neurologic status.
C) Taking daily weights and vital signs.
D) Inducing vomiting.
Q3) A patient has renal damage because of diabetes,which places the patient at risk for:
A) Hypercalcemia
B) Hypocalcemia
C) Hyperkalemia
D) Hypokalemia
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16
Chapter 15: Pain Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) To perform a nursing assessment correctly,the nurse must remember that pain perception involves several central nervous system (CNS)processes such as:
A) Afferent pathways carry messages to the spinal cord.
B) Efferent pathways stimulate the spinal cord to recognize the location of pain.
C) Nociceptors in the brain stimulate the spinal cord.
D) Pain receptors in muscle, skin, and subcutaneous tissue stimulate efferent pathways.
Q2) The nurse instructs a patient who has had a rhizotomy for leg pain that:
A) Relief may not be permanent.
B) The leg will tingle and burn occasionally.
C) The foot may discolor and twitch at times.
D) Snug shoes should be worn at all times.
E) Caution should be taken to prevent injury to the leg.
Q3) ____________________ and ____________________ are natural opioid-like substances that block pain perception.
Q4) The nurse explains that afferent pathways are activated by pain receptors called
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Page 17
Chapter 16: First Aid, emergency Care, and Disaster Management
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient visits the industrial nurse after an accident on the factory floor,which has amputated three toes.Effective nursing intervention for the amputated toes would be:
A) Rinsing with normal saline and placing on a sterile towel.
B) Placing toes as they are on ice in a sterile container.
C) Placing the unwrapped toes in a saline bath.
D) Placing the saline-wrapped toes in a plastic bag in a saline bath.
Q2) While ambulating,a patient gasps and drops to the floor unconscious with no pulse or respiration.The nurse is aware that without resuscitation the brain cells will begin to die in:
A) 1 minute
B) 2 minutes
C) 3 minutes
D) 4 minutes
Q3) Assessment of a burn victim leads the nurse to suspect an inhalation injury.The observation that would indicate such an injury would be ____________________.
Q4) The nurse in the emergency department knows that tissue damage has probably occurred in the person with hypothermia when a rectal temperature of ____________________ is assessed.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Surgical Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because malignant hyperthermia is a potential postoperative complication,the nurse should ask:
A) "Do you think you might have a fever?"
B) "Do you currently have an infection?"
C) "Has anyone in your family ever had problems with general anesthesia?"
D) "Have you ever had any type of malignancy?"
Q2) The postanesthesia care nurse is evaluating the patient for possible transfer to the surgical unit.The following assessment would prevent the patient's transfer:
A) Blood pressure: 126/78 mm Hg
B) Pulse rate: 82 beats per minute
C) Pulse oximeter reading: 85%
D) Respirations: 22 breaths per minute
Q3) The nurse is doing an assessment of a patient who has returned from a cardiac catheterization and had conscious sedation.The nurse should report which of the following findings?
A) Difficulty arousing the patient
B) Blood pressure of 124/72 mm Hg
C) Oxygen saturation of 96%
D) Patient complaints of the need to void
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Page 19
Chapter 18: Intravenous Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The physician orders an infusion of 1000 ml of 5% dextrose in 0.45 NS to be completed in 8 hours.The IV delivery system's drop factor is 20 gtts.The nurse should set the electronic infusion pump to deliver ______________ ml/hr?
A) 125
B) 100
C) 85
D) 42
Q2) Using an IV infusion system that delivers 60 drops/ml,the nurse hangs a 1000-ml bag of 5% dextrose in water (D?W),which the physician has ordered to infuse at 80 ml/hr.It is now 10 AM.The nurse anticipates that the IV will need to be changed at:
A) 6 PM
B) 8 PM
C) 8:30 PM
D) 10:30 PM
Q3) The nurse explains that caloric sources in IVs come from:
A) Electrolytes
B) Dextrose
C) Vitamins
D) Water
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Shock
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains that the use of medical antishock trousers (MAST)garment compress the legs and abdomen to:
A) Help restore cellular perfusion.
B) Decrease internal hemorrhage.
C) Cool the patient to create less metabolic demand.
D) Apply pressure during the systole phase and relax pressure during the diastole phase.
Q2) The nurse is administering heparin,subcutaneous twice daily,for a patient in cardiogenic shock.The expected action of this drug is as a(n):
A) Inotropic to improve cardiac contractibility
B) Anticoagulant to prevent blood clots
C) Antidysrhythmic to restore normal cardiac contractibility
D) Vasopressor to increase blood pressure
Q3) The nurse explains that pericardial tamponade and pulmonary embolus can place the patient at risk for ______________ shock.
Q4) The nurse is aware that immobility and insertion of urinary catheters,although therapeutic,also places the patient at risk for _________________________.
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Falls
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse in a long-term care facility determines the need to place a vest restraint on a patient.The patient does not want the vest restraint applied.The nurse should:
A) Apply the restraint anyway.
B) Call the physician, and obtain an order for the restraint.
C) Medicate the patient with a sedative, and then apply the restraint.
D) Compromise with the patient and use wrist restraints.
Q2) Family members who brought a patient to the emergency department after she had fallen in her home are expressing their feelings of guilt.The nurse's most therapeutic response to the family would be:
A) "Someone should really be staying with her to prevent her from falling."
B) "Let me see how long it will be before you can see the patient."
C) "Don't worry. You have nothing to feel guilty about."
D) "I can see you are worried."
Q3) In preparation for discharge home,the nurse caring for a patient with ataxia would recommend that the family:
A) Remove all scatter rugs from the home.
B) Rearrange the bedroom furniture.
C) Arrange for someone to stay with the patient 24 hours a day.
D) Purchase oversized shoes so that they are easy to get on.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Immobility
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Sample Questions
Q1) When preparing a plan care for an older adult patient,the nurse should consider the common problems associated with immobility.These problems may be classified as:
A) Environmental and intellectual
B) Internal and external
C) Mental and medical
D) Physical and psychosocial
Q2) The nurse points out that the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel prefers to refer to skin breakdown as:
A) Bed sores
B) Pressure ulcers
C) Decubitus ulcers
D) Decubiti
Q3) During the skin integrity assessment,the nurse notices an area on the right heel that is black and draining purulent,foul-smelling exudate.The nurse should document this as a pressure ulcer in:
A) Stage I
B) Stage II
C) Stage III
D) Stage IV
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Confusion
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Q1) The patient asks the nurse what causes dementia.The nurse's response would be based on the understanding that the two most prevalent types of dementia are:
A) Pick disease and Huntington disease.
B) Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia.
C) Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and Pick disease.
D) Vascular dementia and Huntington disease.
Q2) When teaching family members to care for the patient with dementia,the nurse must be sure that they understand two important concepts,which are that the patient usually:
A) Forgets things relatively quickly and is usually unable to learn new things.
B) Can remember new tasks but will forget any previously taught tasks.
C) Cannot learn new information but will probably remember anything you ask about the past.
D) Responds well to reality orientation and needs to have a flexible schedule.
Q3) When a normally oriented 87-year-old resident in a long-term care facility exhibits acute confusion,the nurse should first assess for a(n)____________________.
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Chapter 23: Incontinence
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Sample Questions
Q1) When the nurse is teaching the patient about managing fecal overflow incontinence,she should be sure that the patient understands that one of the most essential factors is:
A) Daily use of mineral oil
B) Regular evacuation
C) Daily administration of enemas
D) Long-term use of mineral oil
Q2) The nurse would evaluate the need for no further instructions if the patient says,after undergoing a cytometry,that he understands that he should:
A) "Drink no fluids for 6 hours after the test."
B) "Report a change in my abdominal girth."
C) "Notify the doctor if I have difficulty voiding."
D) "Sleep on my stomach."
E) "Notify my doctor if I experience burning on urination."
Q3) Prompted voiding is a habit training technique that:
A) Is useful with cognitively impaired persons.
B) Helps the patient to recognize incontinence.
C) Is based on giving praise for staying dry.
D) Strengthens the pelvic floor.
E) Uses the Valsalva maneuver to force urine from bladder.
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Chapter
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is assessing a patient who is terminally ill for clinical signs of impending death.When assessing the patient's respirations,the nurse would expect:
A) Deep, clear breath sounds
B) Noisy, wet-sounding respirations
C) Even, unlabored respirations
D) Shallow, clear breath sounds
Q2) The nurse understands that "chemical code only" means in the event the patient suffers respiratory or cardiac arrest,the physician will:
A) Use medications for resuscitation without CPR.
B) Use medications and CPR.
C) Use CPR only.
D) Use no means of resuscitation.
Q3) The Omnibus Reconciliation Act of 1990 requires that institutions must provide written information to patients concerning their rights to:
A) Donate organs
B) Accept or refuse treatment
C) Have an autopsy
D) Physician-assisted suicide
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Chapter 25: The Patient With Cancer
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Q1) When the nurse sees that an intravenous (IV)vesicant cancer drug has extravasated,the nurse should:
A) Place a warm compress on the area.
B) Chill the area with an ice pack.
C) Raise the patient's arm above the level of the heart.
D) Stop the infusion.
E) Notify the charge nurse.
Q2) The nurse explains that the seven warning signs of cancer written by the American Cancer Society (ACS)can be recalled by the acronym CAUTION.The nurse points out that the A in the acronym stands for:
A) A sore that will not heal
B) Alopecia
C) Abscess
D) Anorexia
Q3) Radiation is now measured in GRAY rather than RADS.One GRAY is equal to ________ RADS.
Q4) The nurse clarifies that cells that change from their tissues of origin and have multiple nuclei are categorized as ____________________.
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Chapter 26: The Patient With an Ostomy
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Q1) The nurse caring for the immediate postoperative patient with an ileal conduit should report or intervene for:
A) Lack of bowel sounds
B) Distended abdomen
C) Mucus present in the urine
D) Small amount of blood in the drainage
Q2) The 1-day postoperative ileostomy patient is concerned about the fact that no drainage has occurred from the ileostomy.The nurse reminds the patient that:
A) The drainage does not start until approximately 24 to 48 hours after surgery.
B) The first drainage will have blood in it.
C) Mucus will be obvious in the early drainage.
D) The first drainage is expelled with a great deal of force.
E) A large amount of flatus will accompany the first drainage.
Q3) The nurse is aware that many ostomates have an altered self-image,which may cause:
A) Self-care deficits
B) Sexual dysfunction
C) Nonadherence to diet
D) Irrational anger
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Page 28
Chapter 27: Neurologic Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) A patient who has a pacemaker might be ineligible for:
A) Computed tomography (CT)
B) Electromyography (EMG)
C) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
D) Electroencephalography (EEG)
Q2) The nurse explains that the three symptoms characteristic of Cushing triad associated with increased ICP are:
A) Hypotension, tachycardia, and narrowing pulse pressure
B) Hypertension, tachycardia, and headache
C) Widening pulse pressure, headache, and seizure
D) Bradycardia, hypertension, and widening pulse pressure
Q3) The most reliable indicator of neurologic status is:
A) BP
B) Pulse rate
C) Temperature
D) Level of consciousness
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Chapter 28: Cerebrovascular Accident
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25258
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse encourages which one of the following posthospital options that would provide the most comprehensive assistance to a patient who is recovering from a CVA?
A) Transfer to a rehabilitation center.
B) Discharge to home with scheduled visits from home health care nurses.
C) Discharge to home with scheduled visits from a physical therapist.
D) Discharge to home with scheduled visits from an occupational therapist.
Q2) The nurse,using the nursing diagnosis,"Imbalanced nutrition,related to dysphagia,with the goal of adequate nutrition," would select the appropriate outcome criterion as:
A) Offers a variety of food groups.
B) Eats half of all meals offered.
C) Maintains body weight of 150 to 155 pounds.
D) Eats all meals independently.
Q3) The patient recovering from a CVA asks the purpose of the warfarin (Coumadin).The best response by the nurse is that Coumadin:
A) Dissolves the clot.
B) Prevents the formation of new clots.
C) Dilates the vessels to improve blood flow.
D) Suppresses the formation of platelets.
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Page 30
Chapter 29: Spinal Cord Injury
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25259
Sample Questions
Q1) After a computed tomographic (CT)scan,the nurse will encourage the patient with a SCI to:
A) Sit up at a 30-degree angle.
B) Prevent chilling.
C) Drink plenty of water.
D) Avoid bearing down.
Q2) The Brown-Séquard syndrome results in which neurologic deficit?
A) Bilateral loss of pain sensation below the level of injury
B) Bilateral loss of temperature and motor function below the level of injury
C) Motor and sensory loss in the upper extremities only
D) Ipsilateral loss of motor function and contralateral loss of pain sensation and temperature
Q3) The family of a patient with an SCI at C4 asks whether the patient will ever be free of the ventilator.The nurse's best response is:
A) "Yes. Rehabilitation is very difficult, but ventilator-free life can be accomplished."
B) "No. A ventilator is essential to him."
C) "Yes. Special oxygen masks will allow him to have time off the ventilator."
D) "Yes. A small portable ventilator can be attached to the wheelchair."
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Chapter 30: Acute Respiratory Disorders
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25260
Sample Questions
Q1) To enhance gas exchange,the nurse would position a patient who had a left pneumonectomy in the morning:
A) On the right side
B) On the left side
C) In a semi-Fowler position
D) In a flat position with a small pillow
Q2) The assessment by the nurse at the bedside of a patient with a chest tube attached to a water seal drainage device would require intervention that would:
A) Ensure no dependent loops in the chest tube.
B) Place the patient in a semi-Fowler position.
C) Change the level of water in the water seal chamber.
D) Increase the level of drainage to 20 ml in 8 hours.
Q3) A patient comes to the emergency department with a sucking chest wound.Which one of the following types of dressing should the nurse apply to begin the process of lung reinflation?
A) Petroleum dressing covered with an airtight bandage
B) No dressing at all
C) Pillow weighted down with a sandbag
D) Air-occlusive dressing taped on three sides (vented dressing)
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Page 32
Chapter 31: Chronic Respiratory Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25261
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse cautions a group of individuals with COPD that using O? at levels greater than 1 to 3 L/min can cause the loss of their _________________________.
Q2) The patient with COPD asks the nurse if nicotine patches are effective for smoking cessation.The nurse's best response would be:
A) "No. Only about 25% are successful."
B) "Yes. The success rate is between 50% and 60%."
C) "No. Prescriptions such as Wellbutrin are 90% effective."
D) "Yes. Individual success has been obtained with combination of patches and gum."
Q3) The nurse explains to a family how the asthma attack progresses by using a progressive list of pathologic events: (Place the options in the correct sequence.)
A) Bronchoconstriction
B) Ventilation-perfusion mismatch
C) Production of mucous plugs
D) Hypoxemia with compensatory hyperventilation
E) Triggering of inflammatory process
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Chapter 32: Hematologic Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25262
Sample Questions
Q1) At 10:00 AM,the nurse receives 2 units of blood for a patient to be transfused.The nurse should:
A) Set up 1 unit for the infusion to start at 10:30 AM, and send the other unit back until the first one has run.
B) Set up both units to run at the same time for an infusion at 11:00 AM.
C) Set up one unit for infusion, and place the other in the refrigerator for the later infusion.
D) Send both units back and ask for a reissue of 1 unit only.
Q2) The nurse notes the medical history information that is significant to potential bleeding problems as:
A) Drinks two glasses of wine a day.
B) Eats red meat three times a week.
C) Takes nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for the relief of arthritic pain four times a day.
D) Has hepatitis B.
E) Had a cardiac valve replaced 6 months earlier.
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Chapter 33: Immunologic Disorders
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25263
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains that the type of bone marrow transplant that uses the patient's own bone marrow is:
A) Allergenic
B) Allogeneic
C) Peripheral blood stem cell
D) Autologous
Q2) The nurse who is caring for a patient with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)who is having plasmapheresis every day is alert for the first indication of:
A) Hypotension
B) Seizure activity
C) Diarrhea
D) Intense headache
Q3) The laboratory results for a patient with acute leukemia that should alert the nurse to the fact that the drug protocols are not effective is:
A) Decreased prothrombin time.
B) Platelet count lower than 50,000/mm3.
C) Negative Western blot.
D) Neutrophils 50% to 62%.
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Chapter 34: Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired
Immunodeficiency Syndrome
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25264
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse evaluates that teaching,relative to the progression of HIV infections,has been effective when the patient with HIV in the latent stage says:
A) "I had better get my affairs in order. I don't have a lot of time left."
B) "Whew! I thought when I got AIDS that I was a 'goner.'"
C) "Now I won't have to take all those expensive drugs that I have been using."
D) "I can still enjoy life and live pretty much as I want for the next several years."
Q2) When caring for the patient with AIDS who has cutaneous Kaposi sarcoma,the nurse would report signs of:
A) Nausea
B) Fatigue
C) Abdominal pain
D) Weight loss
Q3) The nurse would suspect an infection by CMV when the patient with AIDS says:
A) "I need to get glasses, I can't see as well as I did a few months ago."
B) "I need to drink more water. This diarrhea has really dehydrated me."
C) "I need to get smaller clothes. I have lost 10 pounds in the last 6 weeks."
D) "I need to take some pep pills. I don't have any energy."
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Page 36
Chapter 35: Cardiac Disorders
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38 Verified Questions
38 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25265
Sample Questions
Q1) A dopamine infusion is being administered to a patient with shock.The nurse should be alert for:
A) Sharp spike in blood pressure
B) Tremor of the hands
C) Increasing urinary output
D) Hyperirritability of the patient
Q2) On auscultation,the nurse detects a heart murmur.The nurse knows that a heart murmur indicates:
A) Valves that do not closing correctly
B) Pericardium that is inflamed
C) Decrease in pacemaker cells
D) Loud ventricular gallop
Q3) The nurse would anticipate that a patient taking Vasotec,an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)inhibitor,would have which one of the following positive outcomes to this drug?
A) Increased fluid retention
B) Decreased blood pressure
C) Decreased urine output
D) Increased appetite
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Chapter 36: Vascular Disorders
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25266
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse explains that the major advantage of low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH)is that LMWH can be given:
A) Orally
B) In a fixed doses
C) Only after partial thromboplastin time (PTT) laboratory work
D) For an immediate effect
Q2) A normal age-related change in older adults that makes them susceptible to cardiovascular disease is:
A) Increase in cardiac output
B) Increase in stroke volume
C) Stiff peripheral vessels
D) Oxygen capacity improvement
Q3) A 69-year-old patient reports a burning,aching pain in the legs when walking to the mailbox.These symptoms are relieved with rest.The nurse would suspect:
A) Venous insufficiency
B) Claudication
C) Phlebitis
D) Rest pain
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Chapter 37: Hypertension
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25267
Sample Questions
Q1) An obese 38-year-old African-American patient with diabetes is being evaluated for the use of propranolol (Inderal)in controlling his hypertension.The nurse points out that a contraindication for that drug's use in this patient would be his:
A) Race
B) Age
C) Diabetes
D) Weight
Q2) The nurse caring for a patient with a hypertensive crisis will place the priority on:
A) Suctioning secretions
B) Monitoring for seizure activity
C) Monitoring fluid volume
D) Preventing hyperthermia
Q3) The nurse should instruct the patient who has been started on verapamil (Calan)for his elevated blood pressure to monitor his:
A) Urine output
B) Pulse
C) Stool for blood
D) Edema
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Chapter 38: Digestive Tract Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25268
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is preparing to give a tube feeding using a large syringe.Before infusion,the nurse should:
A) Roll the patient flat.
B) Check for a residual formula, and return the patient to his or her stomach.
C) Place the end of the tube in water, and check for bubbles.
D) Flush the tube.
Q2) The nurse caring for a patient with a 3-day postoperative bowel resection observes that the suction apparatus is not working and the patient is becoming distended.The initial implementation should be to:
A) Pull tube outward 6 inches.
B) Push tube further in 3 inches.
C) Change the patient's position.
D) Irrigate with 60 ml of normal saline.
Q3) The assessment of a patient who is receiving a TPN feeding indicates hyperglycemia when which one of the following occurs?
A) Increase of urine output
B) Sudden diarrhea
C) Abdominal distention
D) Tachycardia
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Page 40
Chapter 39: Disorders of the Liver, gallbladder, and Pancreas
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25269
Sample Questions
Q1) The nursing measure that takes priority in relation to the care of a patient with an gastroesophageal balloon tube is to:
A) Deflate the balloon periodically.
B) Advance the tube as instructed.
C) Monitor respirator status.
D) Withhold medications that could decrease restlessness.
Q2) Patients with pancreatic disease often have a history of:
A) Liver disorders
B) Drug abuse
C) Alcohol abuse
D) Excessive sugar intake
Q3) The nurse will evaluate whether the dietary teaching is successful when the patient on a low-sodium diet selects:
A) Bologna sandwich with tomato juice
B) Hot dog on a bun with pickle relish and skim milk
C) Baked chicken, white rice, and apple juice
D) Peanut butter and jelly sandwich with tomato soup
Q4) The nurse reminds the patient with liver disease that the level of ____________________ in the blood is an indicator of the how well the liver is functioning.
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Chapter 40: Urologic Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25270
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse caring for a patient after urinary diversion surgery will add the postoperative assessments of:
A) Level of fluid intake
B) Position on the left side
C) Keep the bed flat
D) Bowel sounds
Q2) Because the urine test for ___________ is not influenced by diet,hydration,or liver function,it is a good measurement of renal function:
A) BUN
B) Phosphates
C) Specific gravity
D) Creatinine
Q3) The nurse explains to a 10-year-old boy who wants to give his kidney to his grandfather that kidney donors must be at least how many years old?
A) 14
B) 16
C) 18
D) 21
Q4) The major risk of peritoneal dialysis is _____________.
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Chapter 41: Connective Tissue Disorders
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25271
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse includes in the teaching plan for a patient with gout the need to be alert for the signs of:
A) Kidney stones
B) Tophi
C) Visual disturbances
D) Facial lesions
Q2) The anonym CREST represents the five characteristic signs of progressive systemic sclerosis,which are:
A) Calcinosis
B) Rash
C) Esophageal dysfunction
D) Sore joints
E) Telangiectasis
Q3) In collecting a health history from the patient with a connective tissue disease,the nurse will be certain to inquire about the:
A) Family history of atherosclerosis
B) Last time the patient had his or her blood tested
C) History of a prior injury to a specific body part
D) Family history of a fracture
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Page 43
Chapter 42: Fractures
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30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The patient with the crushed forearm cannot get pain relief with opioid medications.The injury is swollen,cool,and cyanotic,with weak distal pulses.The nurse assesses that this is a(n):
A) Compartment syndrome
B) Overwhelming infection
C) Fat embolus
D) Osteomyelitis
Q2) The nurse assisting with the application of a short arm plaster cast application would take special care to:
A) Dampen the skin to make the stockinette adhere.
B) Tape the arm before applying the stockinette.
C) Smooth the stockinette to prevent a pressure ulcer.
D) Roll the stockinette tightly above and below the margins of the cast.
Q3) When the patient with a fractured pelvis says that she will not ambulate because of pain,the nurse cautions that early ambulation will prevent:
A) Back injury
B) DVT
C) Callus formation
D) Disuse syndrome
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Page 44
Chapter 43: Amputations
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33 Verified Questions
33 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25273
Sample Questions
Q1) The home health care nurse suspects a neuroma in a patient who had an above-the-knee amputation 1 month earlier when the patient complains of:
A) Area of swelling and bruising on distal portion of residual limb
B) Prickling sensation over residual limb
C) Sharp severe pain in the residual limb
D) Area of numbness on distal portion of residual limb
Q2) The nurse discriminates between an open and a closed amputation by saying that a closed amputation is designed to:
A) Prepare a weight-bearing limb.
B) Cover the stump with tissue and muscle.
C) Place sutures immediately over the bone.
D) Be staged to closure.
E) Be immediately ready for a prosthesis.
Q3) The nurse explains that the routine preoperative diagnostic tests for a patient anticipating a below-the-knee amputation are:
A) Pulse volume recording and white blood cell (WBC) count.
B) Cardiac catheterization and WBC count.
C) Pulse volume recording and x-ray images.
D) Thermography and cardiac catheterization.
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Page 45
Chapter 44: Pituitary and Adrenal Disorders
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32 Verified Questions
32 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25274
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse making a care plan for a 10-year-old boy with hyperpituitarism identifies a disturbed self-image.The nursing diagnosis she would add to the nursing care plan would best be stated as "Disturbed self-image,related to":
A) "Lack of facial hair"
B) "Excessive height"
C) "Small genitalia"
D) "Skin eruptions on face"
Q2) On an intake physical examination,the nurse questions the patient with diabetes insipidus (DI)about the classic symptoms of that disease,which are:
A) Diuresis, tachycardia, and weakness
B) Dizziness, hypertension, and excitability
C) Stress incontinence, vomiting, and edema
D) Bradycardia, insomnia, and muscle cramps
Q3) The nurse takes into consideration that an addisonian crisis can be brought on by:
A) Sudden atmospheric temperature change
B) Hyperglycemia
C) Infection
D) Change of altitude
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Chapter 45: Thyroid and Parathyroid Disorders
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31 Verified Questions
31 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25275
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse recommends the use of salt that is iodized because iodized salt:
A) Can prevent the development of goiter in adults and cretinism in infants.
B) Can help prevent hypothyroidism.
C) Is instrumental in preventing tumors of the parathyroid gland.
D) Works as an important component of thyroid replacement therapy.
Q2) To meet the nutritional needs of a patient with Graves disease,the nurse recommends a diet of ____________________ to ____________________ calories.
Q3) The home health care nurse is aware that hypothyroidism is frequently overlooked in older adults because:
A) Signs and symptoms are subtle.
B) Signs and symptoms are discounted as age-related changes.
C) Weight changes in the older adult are not pronounced.
D) Older adults are not susceptible to thyroid disorders.
E) Decrease in mental function is attributed to dementia.
Q4) Congenital hypothyroidism,if left untreated,will result in _________________.
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Chapter 46: Diabetes Mellitus and Hypoglycemia
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25276
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse assigned to care for a patient with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)is aware that this is a life-threatening condition that results in:
A) Inability of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins to be metabolized
B) Storage of glycogen, resulting in a severe shortage of glucose in the bloodstream
C) Dangerously elevated pH and bicarbonate levels in the blood
D) Severe hypoglycemia, which can result in coma and convulsions
Q2) The young patient complains that diabetes is causing her to "have no life at all.It's too hard." The most helpful response is:
A) "Yes, you must make some sacrifices."
B) "It's hard, but with significant alterations in your lifestyle, you can live a long life."
C) "What's hard about exercise, diet, and medicine?"
D) "Let's talk about what makes it so hard."
Q3) The nurse reminds the patient with type I diabetes to rotate the insulin injection sites to prevent ___________________________.
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Chapter 47: Female Reproductive Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25277
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse points out to a group of young women who are being treated for PID that because of the effect of this disease on their reproductive organs,they may become
Q2) The nurse instructing a patient on breast self-examination explains to the patient that the best time of the month to perform a breast self-examination is:
A) Before the menstrual period
B) During the menstrual period
C) After the menstrual period
D) On the first day of the month
Q3) A patient tells the nurse that she is afraid of getting cervical cancer because her mother died of cervical cancer.The most appropriate response by the nurse would be:
A) "You need to a have a pelvic examination every 6 months because of your history."
B) "If you have regular Pap smears, cervical cancer is usually diagnosed early and cured."
C) "There's no need to worry so much. Cervical cancer does not run in families."
D) "Cervical cancer is sexually transmitted. Don't switch partners often, and you don't have to worry."
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Chapter 48: Male Reproductive Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25278
Sample Questions
Q1) The instruction that will increase the comfort of a patient who is recovering from prostatitis is to suggest that the patient:
A) Avoid bathing for 2 days.
B) Exercise.
C) Take stool softeners.
D) Limit fluid intake.
Q2) After an accident at a track meet,a young male runner is brought to the emergency department complaining of intense pain in his scrotum and nausea and vomiting.Based on these initial findings,the nurse suspects:
A) Cryptorchidism
B) Testicular torsion
C) Varicocele
D) Epididymitis
Q3) The nurse is aware that the elevation in the prostatic-specific antigen (PSA)level from 4 ng/L to 6 ng/L is cause to consider a(n):
A) Possibility of prostatic cancer
B) ED
C) Probability of orchiditis
D) Significant indication of Peyronie disease
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Page 50
Chapter 49: Sexually Transmitted Infections
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25279
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse teaching a seminar on STIs points out that systemic (disseminated)gonorrhea may involve the:
A) Heart
B) Eyes
C) Meninges
D) Skin
E) Joints
Q2) The nurse should emphasize the importance of annual Papanicolaou (pap)smears to the patient with genital warts (Condylomata acuminata),because an association exists between the human papilloma virus (HPV)and the eventual development of:
A) Uterine fibroids
B) Chronic vaginitis
C) Premature menopause
D) Cervical cancer
Q3) Primary stage syphilis is characterized by:
A) Chancre
B) Alopecia
C) Pruritus
D) Dry skin
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Page 51
Chapter 50: Skin Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25280
Sample Questions
Q1) In taking the functional assessment of a patient with a skin disorder,the nurse will inquire about:
A) A sore that is slow to heal
B) Unusual hair growth
C) Previous skin disorders
D) Exposure to chemicals or irritants
Q2) Information essential for the nurse to gather when interviewing a young woman who is taking the drug isotretinoin (Accutane)for acne is:
A) Usual weight
B) Family history of breast cancer
C) Current method of birth control
D) Drugs previously used
Q3) A patient who has undergone treatment for herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV type 2)expresses relief that she is cured.The nurse should include in her teaching that:
A) Daily douches of Burow solution are needed.
B) HSV is permanently cured by acyclovir (Zovirax).
C) Sexual partners are now safe from infection from her.
D) HSV lies dormant and can be triggered without any sexual contact.
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Chapter 51: Eye and Vision Disorders
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29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25281
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse recognizes that the patient who is being evaluated for a visual impairment does not have glaucoma because the tonometry reveals an intraocular pressure of ________ mm Hg.
A) 18
B) 28
C) 45
D) 52
Q2) A patient in the emergency department complains of severe pain in his eye and is seeing halos around lights and feeling nauseous.The nurse recognizes these symptoms as probable:
A) Open-angle glaucoma
B) Angle-closure glaucoma
C) Cataracts
D) Retinal detachment
Q3) The nurse explains that the correct term to use for a patient with a vision disorder is:
A) Blind
B) Handicapped
C) Partially blind
D) Visually impaired
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Page 53
Chapter 52: Ear and Hearing Disorders
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30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25282
Sample Questions
Q1) A significant instruction to a patient being discharged after ear surgery is to:
A) Use stool softeners with caution.
B) Assume your usual activities.
C) Avoid blowing your nose.
D) Shampoo your hair with baby shampoo.
Q2) The nurse assisting with a caloric test notes the specific patient response that indicates that the hearing disorder is a problem in the labyrinth,which is:
A) Blinking
B) Grimacing
C) Headache
D) Nystagmus
Q3) Because the 94-year-old patient is receiving gentamicin sulfate (Garamycin)in a continuous intravenous (IV)infusion,the nurse will add to the nursing care plan the diagnosis,"Risk for injury" and will make implementation of:
A) Pulling side rails in place.
B) Assisting with ambulation.
C) Measuring intake and output.
D) Providing for a possible seizure.
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54
Chapter 53: Nose, sinus, and Throat Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25283
Sample Questions
Q1) In the postoperative care of a patient who has had nasal surgery,the nurse will include in the care:
A) Changing the nasal packing when saturated.
B) Placing the patient in a semi-Fowler position without a pillow.
C) Giving frequent oral hygiene.
D) Providing humidification for dry mucous membranes.
E) Assessing the back of the throat for bleeding.
Q2) The nursing concern that takes priority in the care of a patient after a laryngectomy is:
A) Encouraging nutrition.
B) Avoiding infection.
C) Establishing a communication system.
D) Ensuring adequate fluid intake.
Q3) The patient comes into the clinic complaining of waking up with a dry mouth and nose and asks if the dryness has caused the colds she has had in the last few months.The nurse suggests that the patient:
A) Use a humidifier at home.
B) Get a throat culture.
C) Get a nose culture.
D) Request an antibiotic.
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Chapter 54: Psychologic Responses to Illness
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28 Verified Questions
28 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25284
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse identifies the patient who will experience the greatest cultural impact on his coping with a chronic debilitating illness as the:
A) 26-year-old Hispanic man with a family
B) 30-year-old divorced white man with no dependents
C) 35-year-old Asian wife with a family
D) 65-year-old widowed black church pastor with married children
Q2) In planning care for a native-American patient who is taking herbal remedies and nutritional supplements,the nurse should inform the patient that:
A) Herbs and vitamins are not helpful.
B) If herbs and vitamins are not harmful, then they will be integrated into the plan of care.
C) Medical research has shown that such alternative remedies are a waste of money.
D) In the hospital, no physician will prescribe anything other than accepted medical protocols.
Q3) The student nurse who was terrified of giving an injection now gives many injections every shift.The change in the nurse is the result of ____________________.
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Chapter 55: Psychiatric Disorders
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29 Verified Questions
29 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25285
Sample Questions
Q1) A patient given anxiolytic medications for his mental disorder is being treated using a(n)_______________ approach.
A) Analytical
B) Interpersonal
C) Biologic
D) Psychoanalytic
Q2) The patient says,"I just don't think I can keep going on.I just want it all to end." The nurse assesses that this patient has suicidal ideation.Your best response is:
A) "Do you have any thoughts of harming yourself?"
B) "Have you felt like this before?"
C) "You are just depressed. Once you feel better, you won't think that way."
D) "We will keep you safe here."
Q3) When the nurse asks questions like,"What day is today?" or "What time is it now?" the nurse is testing the patient's ____________________.
Q4) When the patient asks the nurse to touch him,the nurse asks why he needs this.The patient replies,"I just need to know that I am real." The nurse assesses that response as a primary sign of ____________________.
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Chapter 56: Substance-Related Disorders
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/25286
Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse is aware that the alcoholic is at risk for a syndrome related to thiamine deficiency,which is:
A) Fetal alcohol syndrome
B) Wernicke encephalopathy
C) Korsakoff psychosis
D) Alcoholic dementia
Q2) The wife of a long-term alcoholic wants to help her husband quit drinking.The nurse tells her that an initial approach might be for a group of friends and family to confront the patient with his alcoholism and tell him that:
A) He needs help; his drinking is out of hand.
B) They are fed up with him and will no longer be his friend.
C) They reject his drinking but think he is a valuable person.
D) He is still their friend, even if he does not stop drinking.
Q3) The nurse explains that because the drug disulfiram (Antabuse)is deemed inappropriate,the patient has been put on the most reliable substitute,____________________,which causes similar but less severe side effects in the alcoholic who continues to drink.
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