Foundations of Mental Health
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Foundations of Mental Health offers a comprehensive introduction to the core concepts, historical development, and contemporary issues surrounding mental health. The course explores the biological, psychological, and social factors influencing mental well-being, and examines major mental health disorders, their symptoms, and treatment approaches. Students will gain an understanding of stigma, cultural perspectives, and the importance of early intervention and prevention. Emphasis is placed on building foundational knowledge for further study in mental health and related fields, as well as developing awareness of mental health resources and support systems.
Recommended Textbook
Abnormal Psychology An Integrative Approach 5th Edition by David H. Barlow
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16 Chapters
1759 Verified Questions
1759 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Abnormal Behaviour in Historical Context
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In most Western societies,what happens when a person enters a trance state and believes he or she is possessed?
A) The person is believed to be suffering from a psychotic disorder.
B) The person is diagnosed with a dissociative disorder.
C) The person may be viewed as having a psychological disorder.
D) The person can be cured with antipsychotic medication.
Answer: C
Q2) How does Gestalt therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy?
A) In Gestalt therapy, there is no delving into past experiences.
B) In Gestalt therapy, the critical element is the therapist's unconditional positive regard for the patient.
C) In Gestalt therapy, there is little emphasis on the here and now.
D) In Gestalt therapy, there is little or no training required for therapists.
Answer: A
Q3) In 14th- and 15th-century Europe,to what was inexplicable behaviour attributed?
A) evil
B) stupidity
C) humors
D) astrology
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: An Integrative Approach to Psychopathology
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alex has a form of epilepsy that affects his limbic system.What sort of behaviour is Alex most likely to display while having a seizure?
A) lack of body posture and uncoordinated movement
B) unusual emotional expressions and aggression
C) disturbed sleep
D) difficulty breathing
Answer: B
Q2) It is important to understand the process of how learned helplessness is created in laboratory animals because learned helplessness in animals resembles a psychological disorder in humans.What is this disorder?
A) mania
B) depression
C) schizophrenia
D) generalized anxiety disorder
Answer: B
Q3) Name three important neurotransmitters and describe what impact each one is thought to have on human experience.
Answer: Student responses will vary.
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4
Chapter 3: Clinical Assessment and Diagnosis
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which approach allows some variation in symptoms without changing classification?
A) a categorical approach
B) a dimensional approach
C) a multidimensional approach
D) a prototypical approach
Answer: D
Q2) Why is assessing psychophysiological responding very important in the assessment of many sexual dysfunctions and disorders?
A) because misdiagnosis of sexual disorders can be devastating for the patient
B) because it avoids having to ask patients direct and possibly embarrassing questions about their sexuality
C) because many people are unaware that they have a true sexual disorder
D) because sometimes the individual is unaware of his or her specific patterns of sexual arousal
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Research Methods
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Historical case studies have provided new knowledge that has often eliminated existing societal myths.Which of the following researchers contributed to eliminating myths regarding human sexuality?
A) Nisbett and Ross
B) Freud and Johnson
C) Durand and Car
D) Masters and Johnson
Q2) Your friend Sally has trouble making commitments in relationships,and you believe that this is because Sally's parents had a bitter divorce when she was young.What is exemplified by your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult?
A) an applied theory
B) an independent variable
C) a hypothesis
D) an empirical inference
Q3) Describe the case study as a research method.Explain several advantages and disadvantages of the case study as a research method.
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Chapter 5: Anxiety,Trauma-Related,and
Obsessive-Compulsive Disorders
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When treating patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder,how effective is combining exposure and ritual prevention (ERP)with medication?
A) Combining the two is better than ERP alone.
B) Combining the two causes patients to discontinue treatment.
C) Combining the two is better than drug treatment alone.
D) Combining the two does not produce any additional therapeutic advantage.
Q2) Amy was just given a prescription.Her father,who is a psychiatrist,asks for the name of the drug. Amy tells him,and he says,"But I thought you were getting treatment for your panic disorder?" Which of the following drugs would Amy have been prescribed?
A) a tricyclic antidepressant
B) a benzodiazepine
C) a phenothiazine
D) an SSRI
Q3) The term "agoraphobia" is derived from the Greek word agora.What does agora mean?
A) home
B) workplace
C) people
D) marketplace
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Somatic Symptom and Dissociative Disorders
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the autohypnotic model,who may be able to use dissociation as a defence against extreme trauma?
A) people who have frequent "out-of-body" experiences
B) people who have had head injury and resulting brain damage
C) people who are highly suggestible
D) people who have certain neurological disorders, such as seizure disorders
Q2) Discuss some of the ways in which it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between conversion reactions,real physical disorders,and malingering (faking).Describe some of the ways that can help a clinician make an accurate diagnosis.
Q3) Henry has illness anxiety disorder.What are his symptoms?
A) when he is truly ill he represses the knowledge
B) when he feels normal bodily sensations he interprets them as a sign of a serious illness
C) when he has a real physical illness it is exaggerated to the point where Henry can only focus on the pain
D) Henry has an unrealistic fear of infection and disease
Q4) Describe the similarities and differences between illness anxiety disorder and somatic symptom disorder.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Mood Disorders and Suicide
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the text,the average length of a major depressive episode if left untreated is:
A) 5 months
B) 7 months
C) 9 months
D) 12 months
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an important reason for identifying the pattern of mood disorder known as "double depression"?
A) It usually has a problematic future course.
B) It is associated with severe psychopathology.
C) It is often misdiagnosed as bipolar II disorder and inappropriately treated with lithium.
D) It has very high rates of relapse and recurrence.
Q3) What do we call the phenomenon where individuals who are biologically vulnerable to depression have a tendency to place themselves in high-risk,stressful environments?
A) humoral theory
B) the cognitive-behavioural model
C) a stress-depression linkage effect
D) the reciprocal gene-environment model
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9
Chapter 8: Eating and Sleep-Wake Disorders
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the typical treatment goals and treatment methods implemented for bulimia nervosa.
Q2) What do genetic influences on eating disorders most likely involve?
A) a specific gene for each actual eating disorder
B) inherited, nonspecific personality traits that may make development of an eating disorder more likely
C) multiple genes interacting in ways not yet determined that directly produce eating disordered behaviour
D) recessive genes
Q3) Hailey has just started showing signs of an eating disorder.What stage of development is Hailey likely in right now?
A) early childhood
B) late childhood
C) early adolescence
D) late adolescence
Q4) What are the differences between nightmares and sleep terrors? Describe what we know about sleep terrors,including the age at which it generally occurs and how it has been treated?
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Chapter 9: Physical Disorders and Health Psychology
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.Tam is a pain catastrophizer.Which of the following would he NOT likely report when he is experiencing pain?
A) "There's nothing I can do to stop this pain."
B) "I can't stop thinking of how much it hurts."
C) "I'm worried that something serious might happen."
D) "If I can't deal with this, I'm not strong enough to deal with anything else in my life either."
Q2) Discuss why stress is often implicated as a factor in cardiovascular disease.Define type A personality; discuss research regarding its validity.
Q3) Meyer and colleagues (1980)conducted a community study in California to reduce the risk factors for coronary heart disease.What did the results indicate as the most effective aspect of intervention?
A) hiring research assistants to monitor each participant's daily behaviours
B) a media education campaign aimed at the children of parents at risk for heart disease
C) paying individuals to change their risky behaviours
D) individual counselling in addition to a media campaign about heart disease
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Chapter 10: Sexual Dysfunctions,Paraphilic Disorders,and Gender Dysphoria
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does inappropriate sexual arousal,such as a fetish,appear to be learned?
A) through exposure to pornography
B) through social "scripts" that are transferred from one generation to the next
C) through masturbatory fantasies about the object
D) through poor social skills
Q2) Which type of sexual pain is related to pelvic muscle tension?
A) dyspareunia
B) anorgasmia
C) vaginismus
D) sexual arousal disorder
Q3) Describe a process in which paraphilias may develop.
Q4) Which of the following medications cause some degree of sexual dysfunction in approximately 75 percent of individuals taking them?
A) beta blockers
B) anti-hypertensives
C) tricyclic antidepressants
D) SSRIs
Q5) Describe the symptoms of three different forms of paraphilia.What do all paraphilias have in common?
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Chapter 11: Substance-Related,Addictive,and
Impulse-Control Disorders
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the depressant drugs,including benzodiazepines,barbiturates,and anxiolytics.Discuss medical uses for these substances and the potential for abuse and/or addiction.
Q2) In trying to understand why some individuals become addicted to drugs and others do not,it is important to consider the negative reinforcement that is associated with the anxiolytic effect.What is the anxiolytic effect?
A) a drug's ability to metabolize slowly, extending its effects
B) a drug's ability to reduce anxiety
C) a drug's ability to relieve pain
D) a drug's ability to produce a high
Q3) You have just heard about a situation in which someone who was drunk vandalized a building and assaulted a security guard.You are aware that although alcohol does not cause aggressive behaviour,it can increase the likelihood of engaging in violent behaviour.For whom is this most likely so?
A) people who have Wernicke's disease, caused by long-term chronic alcohol abuse
B) people who have fetal alcohol syndrome
C) people who have poor executive functions, such as planning and organizing abilities
D) people who possess a combination of low IQ and poor impulse control
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Chapter 12: Personality Disorders
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There appears to be a relationship between two personality disorders,with some evidence that each may be gender-typed,alternative ways of expressing the same underlying condition.What are these two disorders?
A) histrionic and antisocial personality disorders
B) borderline and histrionic personality disorders
C) antisocial and borderline personality disorders
D) histrionic and narcissistic personality disorders
Q2) What is one of the problems encountered when trying to change the behaviour of an individual with histrionic personality disorder?
A) Patients with this disorder generally do not have the intellectual abilities to change despite their desire to do so.
B) The patient does not want to change.
C) The maladaptive behaviour generally results in short-term benefits despite long-term costs.
D) The maladaptive behaviour is genetically determined.
Q3) Identify the three clusters of DSM 5 personality disorders and provide an example of one personality disorder that belongs to each cluster.How would you characterize each cluster?
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Chapter 13: Schizophrenia Spectrum and Other Psychotic Disorders
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Several studies have shown a link between eye-tracking deficits and schizophrenic symptoms.Which of the following symptoms are these?
A) negative symptoms
B) both positive and negative symptoms
C) both positive and negative symptoms, but mostly positive symptoms
D) positive symptoms
Q2) How is the genetic basis of schizophrenia best understood?
A) Schizophrenia is primarily genetically caused.
B) Researchers have discovered the gene responsible for causing schizophrenia.
C) Genes are responsible for making some individuals vulnerable to schizophrenia.
D) Some forms of schizophrenia are influenced by genes; others are not.
Q3) Describe the three kinds of research studies (twin,adoptee,and family)that focus on the etiological factors in schizophrenia.How do these studies help to separate genetic from environmental influences? Explain what is meant by a "marker" for schizophrenia.Describe the evidence for one such marker.
Q4) Describe the various goals,methods,and effectiveness associated with psychosocial interventions for schizophrenia,including token economy,behavioural family therapy,and independent skills training.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Neurodevelopmental Disorders
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two alternative reasons have been proposed to explain why children with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)have problems with academic performance.One is that ADHD symptoms directly inhibit school performance.What is the other reason?
A) Parenting skills are impaired because of the stress of dealing with the symptoms of ADHD.
B) Social difficulties make school a negative experience for children with ADHD.
C) A brain impairment associated with ADHD inhibits academic ability.
D) Dietary factors responsible for ADHD limit school performance.
Q2) Joseph,a ten-year-old boy with autism spectrum disorder,likes to walk through the halls of his home touching all the doorknobs.One day,a visiting relative is standing in front of one of the doors,preventing Joseph from touching the doorknob.What will most likely occur?
A) Joseph will ignore the relative and carry on to the next door.
B) Joseph will use echolalia speech to inform the relative that he needs that person to move.
C) Joseph will have a tantrum.
D) Joseph will stop and participate in a different actively.
Q3) Describe the diagnostic criteria,clinical description,and prevalence of autism spectrum disorder.
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Chapter 15: Neurocognitive Disorders
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107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you had 100 Canadians over the age of 65,how many would have neurocognitive disorder?
A) 3
B) 8
C) 10
D) 20
Q2) A major study in Sweden was conducted to consider possible preventative strategies for neurocognitive disorder.It included 1810 participates who were older than 65 at the time,and followed them for about 13 years.Through medical histories and interviews,what did the study conclude?
A) You should lean toward a vegetarian diet and maintain a life of physical activity.
B) Earlier genetic counselling is critical.
C) It is important to control your blood pressure and lead a physical and social life.
D) It is important to eat well and stay engaged in academically stimulating activities.
Q3) What are some of the issues that caregivers must face when dealing with a patient with Alzheimer's disease?
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Chapter 16: Mental Health Services: Legal and Ethical Issues
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110 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is the Durham Rule of 1954?
A) A woman is not legally responsible for killing a spouse if she is suffering from battered woman syndrome.
B) A person cannot be tried for a criminal offence if they did not know what they were doing was wrong.
C) A person cannot be committed to a mental health facility against their will if they are not in danger of harming others.
D) A person is not responsible for a crime that is the result of a mental illness.
Q2) What has been the result of the trend toward deinstitutionalization in the 1970s and 1980s?
A) decreased numbers of homeless mentally ill people
B) an increased number of patients in psychiatric institutions
C) a decreased number of patients in psychiatric institutions
D) better treatment of mentally ill patients in the community
Q3) Discuss both the legal and ethical responsibilities of Canadian psychologists to warn the potential victim(s)of their clients.Explain how these responsibilities shape the limits to confidentiality.
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