Foundations of Information Systems
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Course Introduction
Foundations of Information Systems provides an introduction to the core concepts, technologies, and business applications of information systems in modern organizations. Students explore the fundamental components of information systems, including hardware, software, data, networks, and people, and analyze how these elements interact to support managerial decision-making, business processes, and strategic goals. Topics include the role of information systems in achieving organizational efficiency, different types of information systems (such as transaction processing, management information, and decision support systems), ethical and social issues related to information technology, and current trends in the field. Through case studies and practical exercises, students gain foundational skills essential for leveraging information systems in various professional contexts.
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Principles of Information Systems 12th Edition by Ralph Stai
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Introduction to Information Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) A management information system (MIS) typically provides standard reports generated with data and information from a transaction processing system (TPS) or enterprise resource planning (ERP) system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) A(n) _____ is an organized collection of facts and information, typically consisting of two or more related data files.
Answer: database
Q3) _____ is the activity of creating or modifying information systems.
Answer: Systems development
Q4) _____ is the electronic transmission of signals for communications, which enables organizations to carry out their processes and tasks through effective computer networks.
Answer: Telecommunications
Q5) _____ is a newer form of virtual reality that has the potential to superimpose digital data over real photos or images.
Answer: augmented reality
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Information Systems in Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _____ strategy for competitive advantage involves producing a variety of products, giving customers more choices, or delivering higher quality products and services.
Answer: differentiation
Q2) An advantage of the payback method is that it does not take into account the time value of money.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The systems development organization focuses solely on the development of new information systems and seldom becomes involved in maintenance and review of information systems.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The radical redesign of business processes, organizational structures, information systems, and values of an organization to achieve a breakthrough in business results is known as _____.
Answer: reengineering
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Chapter 3: Hardware: Input, Processing, Output, and Storage Devices
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the advantages of handheld computers is that they require little power relative to their size.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Optical mark recognition (OMR) and optical character recognition (OCR) are the two categories of a(n) _____.
Answer: optical data reader
Q3) A universal serial bus (USB) _____ drive is one example of a commonly used solid state secondary storage device (SSD).
Answer: flash
Q4) Secondary storage can store large amounts of data, instructions, and information more permanently than allowed with main memory.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) _____ involves the simultaneous execution of two or more computer instructions at the same time.
Answer: Multiprocessing
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Chapter 4: Software: Systems and Application Software
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is an operating system used with special-purpose computers.
A) Unix
B) Google Android
C) Linux
D) Symbian
Q2) A(n) _____ is a defect in a computer program that keeps it from performing as its users expect it to perform.
Q3) Linux is an open-source operating system.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A command-based user interface employs icons and menus that people use to send commands to the computer system.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the sphere of influence? Identify three spheres of influence.
Q6) _____ are sequences of instructions for the computer.
Q7) The _____ task management technique of an operating system supports running a program on more than one central processing unit (CPU).
Q8) A set of rules associated with a programming language is known as _____.
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Chapter 5: Database Systems and Applications
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Q1) _____ is an approach that starts by investigating the general data and information needs of an organization at the strategic level and then examines more specific data and information needs for the functional areas and departments within the organization.
A) Data selecting
B) Enterprise data modeling
C) Data cleansing
D) Social graph analysis
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of a database?
A) It is accessed primarily for use by an organization's database administrator and data administrator.
B) It provides an essential foundation for an organization's knowledge management and artificial intelligence systems.
C) It is a collection of unstructured data.
D) It helps companies analyze information to open new market opportunities.
Q3) Briefly describe the relational database model.
Q4) A(n) _____ is a database management system that stores the entire database in random access memory (RAM).
Q5) Describe business intelligence (BI).
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Chapter 6: Telecommunications and Networks
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Sample Questions
Q1) A client is any computer on a network that sends messages requesting services from the servers on the network.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Briefly describe how a Wi-Fi network operates.
Q3) A(n) _____ is a telephone facility that manages incoming calls, handling them based on the number called and an associated database of instructions.
A) automatic call receiver
B) call handing receiver
C) automatic call distributor
D) call distributing service
Q4) Telecommuting is well suited for people who _____.
A) work as real estate agents
B) require frequent face-to-face interaction
C) need much supervision
D) have very short-term deadlines
Q5) A(n) ______ is a telecommunications device that forwards data packets between computer networks.
Q6) The computers and devices on a network are also known as _____.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The Internet, Web, Intranets, and Extranets
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Q1) _____ is software that has the functionality and complexity of traditional application software but that runs in a Web browser and does not require local installation.
A) JavaScript
B) A rich Internet application (RIA)
C) A Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
D) Telnet
Q2) The Web as a computing platform that supports software applications and the sharing of information among users is referred to as _____.
Q3) _____, a component used in Web service applications, is a specification that defines the Extensible Markup Language (XML) format for messages.
Q4) Conducting classes over the Web with no physical class meetings is called _____.
A) social networking
B) distance education
C) electronic conferencing
D) podcasting
Q5) The Uniform Resource Locator (URL) www.cengage.com is an example of a(n) _____ that identifies the Internet host site.
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Chapter 8: Electronic and Mobile Commerce
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Q1) The predominant pricing model used in a blind advertising network and abbreviated CPC is _____.
A) cost per comparison
B) cost per click
C) cost per consumer
D) cost per contact
Q2) A(n) _____ is a single Web site that offers many products and services at one Internet location.
A) Web portal
B) cybermall
C) e-boutique
D) hub
Q3) A digital certificate verifies ______.
A) whether a purchaser has sufficient funds
B) both purchaser and supplier identities
C) the quality of item purchased
D) whether an electronic transaction conforms to th Payment Card Industry (PCI) security standard
Q4) ______ is a form of e-commerce in which customers deal directly with an organization and avoid intermediaries.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Enterprise Systems
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Q1) In a manufacturing enterprise resource planning (ERP) system, _____ refines a production plan by determining the amount of weekly or daily production needed to meet the demand for individual products.
A) sales forecasting
B) sales and operations plan
C) detailed scheduling
D) demand management
Q2) In a transaction processing system (TPS), the _____ system is sometimes referred to as the lifeblood of an organization.
Q3) _____includes the planning, executing, and controlling of all activities involved in raw material sourcing and procurement, converting raw materials to finished products, and the warehousing and delivering finished product to customers.
A) Maintenance, repair and operations (MRO)
B) Materials requirement planning (MRP)
C) Customer relationship management (CRM)
D) Supply chain management (SCM)
Q4) In a transaction processing cycle, ______ involves updating one or more databases with new transactions in an organization.
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Chapter 10: Information and Decision Support Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ reports are management reports that are automatically produced when a situation is unusual or requires management action.
A) Exception
B) Drill-down
C) Scheduled
D) Demand
Q2) How can group support systems help reduce negative group behavior that can lead to ineffective group decision making?
Q3) A flexible manufacturing system determines when finished products are needed and then works backward to determine deadlines and resources needed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The model base is the component of a decision support system that allows managers and decision makers to perform qualitative analysis on external data.
A)True
B)False
Q5) _____ are commonly accepted guidelines or procedures that usually find a good solution.
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Chapter 11: Knowledge Management and Specialized Information Systems
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Q1) Assistive technology systems help people overcome disabilities and perform various tasks.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A genetic algorithm can be used to search the vast resources of the Internet to find information on any topic.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Data mining and business intelligence are powerful tools to capture and use knowledge.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and briefly define several specialty areas of artificial intelligence.
Q5) A perceptive system allows a machine to approximate the way a person sees, hears, and feels objects.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
Q6) A(n) _____ is an approach to solving large, complex problems in which many repeated operations or models change and evolve until the best one emerges.
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Chapter 12: Systems Development
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Q1) A _____ is a description of the logical and physical structure of data and the relationships among the data for each user.
A) data dictionary
B) process
C) schema
D) cold site
Q2) Directly observing an existing system in action by one or more members of the analysis team is called _____.
Q3) _____ is a structured meeting process that can accelerate and improve the efficiency and effectiveness of not only the investigation phase, but also the analysis and design phases of a systems development project.
A) Direct observation
B) Agile systems development
C) Functional decomposition
D) Joint application development
Q4) A data flow diagram (DFD) is a technique to show relationships among data entities.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Systems Development: Construction,
Integration and Testing, Implementation, Operation an
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Q1) _____ is the creation, modification, or extension of software by people who are nonprofessional software developers.
A) Mobile application development
B) Object-oriented systems development
C) User-oriented systems development
D) End-user systems development
Q2) A(n) _____ is a person who coordinates all scrum activities.
Q3) A new _____ is a major program change, typically encompassing many new features.
A) release
B) patch
C) slipstream upgrade
D) version
Q4) _____ includes written details that computer operators follow to execute a program and that analysts and programmers use to solve problems or modify the program.
Q5) The _____ specifies the factors that can lead to better attitudes about the use of a new information system, along with its higher acceptance and usage.
Q7) What is meant by cutover? Briefly explain four cutover strategies. Page 15
Q6) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of agile development.
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Chapter 14: The Personal and Social Impact of Computers
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Q1) A(n) _____ is a computer savvy person who attempts to gain unauthorized or illegal access to computer systems to steal passwords, corrupt files or programs, or even transfer money.
A) criminal hacker
B) insider
C) whistleblower
D) script bunny
Q2) _____ is a legislation that requires businesses to prove that they are securing their data.
A) Internet Tax Freedom Act
B) Sarbanes-Oxley Act
C) Glass-Steagall Act
D) Judiciary Act
Q3) _____ have extra knowledge that make them especially dangerous-they know logon IDs, passwords, and company procedures that help them evade detection.
A) Crackers
B) Hackers
C) Insiders
D) Script bunnies
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Page 17