Foundations of Health Final Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Health introduces students to the key concepts, principles, and practices that underlie individual and community health. The course explores the determinants of health, including biological, environmental, social, and behavioral factors, and examines how these influence overall well-being. Students gain an understanding of health promotion, disease prevention, and the roles of healthcare systems. Current issues in public health, the impact of culture and policy on health, and strategies for personal wellness are also covered, equipping students with a holistic perspective essential for further studies and careers in health-related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Health The Basics The Mastering Health Edition 12th Edition by Rebecca J. Donatelle
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24 Chapters
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Chapter 1: Accessing Your Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process of taking small individual steps toward a behavior change goal is A)action.
B)journaling.
C)preparation.
D)shaping.
Answer: D
Q2) An adolescent smoker might think lung cancer happens only to old people.This is an example of which factor of the health belief model?
A)perceived seriousness
B)perceived susceptibility
C)perceived benefits
D)perceived barriers
Answer: B
Q3) The stage of change a smoker is in when he or she has no intention of quitting is A)preparation.
B)contemplation.
C)precontemplation.
D)maintenance.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Focus On: Improving Your Financial Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) A principal reason for making a budget is to
A)earn more money.
B)pay bills on time.
C)qualify for a bank loan.
D)know how much you can afford to spend.
Answer: D
Q2) George earns a good salary and rents an apartment that is within his means,yet every month,he runs short of money.What should he do?
A)Set budget goals to clarify his situation.
B)Track his income to find out why he doesn't have enough money.
C)Track his expenses to figure out why his spending exceeds his income.
D)Take out a loan to make sure he has money left over at the end of the month.
Answer: C
Q3) Individuals cannot find out their credit score.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Promoting and Preserving Your Psychological Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Alicia has been experiencing persistent sadness,despair,and hopelessness.She is displaying symptoms of A)exhaustion.
B)a personality disorder.
C)an eating disorder.
D)a chronic mood disorder.
Answer: D
Q2) Keeping in touch with your best friend from high school is one way of enhancing your social health.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Psychoneuroimmunology studies the effects of disease on emotional health.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Cutting or self-mutilation can be a sign of borderline personality disorder. A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Focus On: Cultivating Your Spiritual Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ricardo finds that when he tries to relax and enjoy nature by taking a quiet walk,a constant stream of thoughts and worries distracts him.To help him focus on the beauty of his surroundings,Ricardo could use which ancient spiritual practice?
A)mindfulness
B)meditation
C)contemplation
D)prayer
Q2) Engaging all the physical senses detracts from spirituality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In many cultures,breath,or the force that animates life,is synonymous with A)faith.
B)energy.
C)heart.
D)spirit.
Q4) What are some ways to improve spirituality by training the body?
Q5) Finding one's purpose in life is part of developing spiritual health. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Managing Stress and Coping With Lifes Challenges
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stress management consists of
A)finding balance and developing coping strategies.
B)eliminating all sources of stress.
C)learning to juggle as many tasks as possible.
D)firmly controlling reactions to stress.
Q2) Psychoneuroimmunology is the scientific study of the interrelationships of mind and body on the immune system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding stress and hair loss is NOT true?
A)Stress may cause hair to fall out in clumps.
B)Stress-related hair loss can occur in both men and women.
C)The most common type of stress-induced hair loss is telogen effluvium.
D)Stress-induced hair loss occurs when colonies of hair are pushed into an active phase.
Q4) To manage stress,the first step is to
A)control your emotional responses.
B)choose to ignore the stressors in your life.
C)determine which stressors can be reduced or eliminated.
D)identify and assess the stressors in your life.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: A : Focus On: Improving Your Sleep
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sleep helps the body to conserve energy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The sleep disorder in which breathing is interrupted many times during sleep is
A)sleep apnea.
B)narcolepsy.
C)insomnia.
D)sleep inertia.
Q3) Sleep disorders can be diagnosed through a(n)
A)clinical sleep study.
B)physical exam and blood tests.
C)survey of sleep habits.
D)evaluation of all daily activities.
Q4) All of the following negatively affect the quality of sleep EXCEPT
A)getting lots of exercise during the day.
B)drinking alcohol at night.
C)drinking caffeine at night.
D)needing to get out of bed to go to the bathroom.
Q5) Tracy pulls "all-nighters" during finals week.Explain why this could negatively impact her grades.
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Chapter 7: Preventing Violence and Injury
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Sample Questions
Q1) Violence can be defined as
A)injuries caused accidentally without intent to harm,such as in a car accident.
B)a repeated implied or verbal threat against another person.
C)a premeditated crime against another person,usually involving a weapon.
D)the intentional use of physical force or power against oneself or another person or group.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE about intimate partner violence?
A)Homicide by a current or former intimate partner is the leading cause of death among pregnant women in the United States.
B)Intimate partner violence includes violence between parent and child.
C)Victims of intimate partner violence commonly report the crime.
D)Battered woman syndrome is considered to be a type of generalized anxiety disorder.
Q3) Aggression is more likely to occur during times of stress.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sexual harassment is carried out only by people who are in positions of power.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Connecting and Communicating in the Modern World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Steve and Janelle are friends.When they meet weekly for coffee,they greet each other with a hug.This is an example of
A)betrayal of their partners.
B)nonverbal communication.
C)physical compatibility.
D)sexual intimacy.
Q2) Which of the following is TRUE about your family of origin?
A)It includes the people who were living in the house during your first years of life.
B)It includes cousins and relatives who were living in the same town during your first years of life.
C)It includes your grandparents or other extended relatives who were living in another state during your first years of life.
D)It includes any immediate family members,such as siblings,who were not living in the house during your first years of life.
Q3) Intimacy is unlikely in relationships lacking self-disclosure.
A)True
B)False
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Focus On: Understanding Your Sexuality
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Sample Questions
Q1) Menstrual cramps occur when
A)luteinizing hormone signals the ovaries to produce progesterone.
B)prostaglandins released during the menstrual cycle promote uterine muscle contraction.
C)a surge in estrogen levels promotes uterine muscle contraction.
D)the woman has been engaging in excessive exercise.
Q2) The onset of the first menstrual period is A)fertility.
B)menopause.
C)menstruation.
D)menarche.
Q3) Gavin and Todd have discovered that their application for an apartment rental was refused solely because of their sexual orientation.This is an example of A)sexual prejudice.
B)gender preference.
C)socioeconomic discrimination.
D)housing fraud.
Q4) List and discuss four key factors that contribute to healthy and responsible sexuality.Provide information from the chapter to support your answer.
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Chapter 10: Considering Your Reproductive Choices
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is TRUE about emergency contraceptive pills?
A)They will cause an abortion if the woman is already pregnant.
B)Multiple brands are available over-the-counter with no age restrictions.
C)All brands require a prescription and are subject to age restrictions.
D)They are 100 percent effective if taken 2 to 5 days after unprotected intercourse.
Q2) During pregnancy,a woman could increase her folic acid intake by eating
A)steak and pork.
B)chicken and turkey.
C)low-fat milk and yogurt.
D)dark leafy greens,citrus fruits,and beans.
Q3) Which form of hormonal birth control works transdermally?
A)Mirena
B)Xulane
C)NuvaRing
D)Depo-Provera
Q4) Outercourse is 100 percent effective against STIs.
A)True
B)False
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12
Chapter 11: Recognizing and Avoiding Addiction and Drug Abuse
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Sample Questions
Q1) Savannah's best friend on campus has a prescription for Adderall to treat her ADHD.She tells Savannah that she has more pills than she needs,and offers some to Savannah for free to help "get her through mid-terms." Identify at least three questions Savannah should ask herself before doing so.Provide information from the chapter to support your answer.
Q2) What is "harm reduction" in the context of drug abuse programs?
A)increasing jail terms for drug abusers
B)reducing negative consequences of drug use
C)identifying drug "hot spots" in urban areas
D)increasing police surveillance in drug-use zones
Q3) Which of the following is NOT true of methamphetamine?
A)It can produce a high lasting over 8 hours when smoked.
B)It is inexpensive and highly addictive.
C)It takes long-term use to develop tolerance.
D)It can be snorted,smoked,injected,or orally ingested.
Q4) Which of the following is TRUE about psilocybin?
A)It is the active chemical in a type of grass.
B)Its physical effects wear off in 1-2 hours.
C)It can cause hallucinations.
D)It is similar to marijuana in its physical effects.
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Chapter 12: Drinking Alcohol Responsibly and Ending
Tobacco Use
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which nicotine replacement product requires a prescription?
A)nicotine nasal spray
B)nicotine lozenges
C)nicotine patch
D)nicotine gum
Q2) Identify at least three health-related concerns associated with e-cigarettes.
Q3) Cigarettes made with ground cloves deliver lower levels of tar and carbon monoxide than regular cigarettes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A disease associated with smoking in which alveoli are destroyed is known as A)chronic bronchitis.
B)emphysema.
C)alveolitis.
D)hepatitis.
Q5) Which of the following is FALSE about smokeless tobacco?
A)It is just as addictive as smoking.
B)It contains more nicotine than cigarettes.
C)Dental problems are common among smokeless tobacco users.
D)It does not contain cancer-causing substances.
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Chapter 13: Nutrition: Eating for a Healthier You
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Sample Questions
Q1) A grain that contains the bran,germ,and endosperm is a
A)milled grain.
B)refined grain.
C)whole grain.
D)raw grain.
Q2) Antioxidants have been scientifically proven to slow the aging process. A)True B)False
Q3) Explain what fiber is,discuss its benefits in a healthy diet,and list food groups that tend to be high in fiber.
Q4) All of the following points about the Dietary Guidelines for Americans are true EXCEPT that
A)they are a set of recommendations for healthy eating.
B)they form the basis for the MyPlate food guidance system.
C)they provide specific recipes to facilitate meal preparation.
D)they are designed to combat the growing obesity epidemic.
Q5) Food allergy and food intolerance mean the same thing. A)True B)False
Q6) Identify two vitamins that may be low in a vegan diet,and explain why.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Reaching and Maintaining a Healthy Weight
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a clinician measures a person's body fat by pinching folds of skin at various locations on the body,the process being used is the A)skinfold method.
B)DXA method.
C)hydrostatic method.
D)BIA method.
Q2) Currently there is no prescription weight loss drug available that can be used over time without increasing the chances of A)relapse and weight gain.
B)excess fluid loss.
C)adverse effects.
D)adverse effects and abuse.
Q3) Which theory holds that our bodies fight to maintain our weight within a particular narrow range?
A)hormone adjustment theory
B)set point theory
C)thrifty gene theory
D)adaptive thermogenesis theory
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16
Chapter 15: Focus On: Enhancing Your Body Image
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals who are perfectionists are at an increased risk for eating disorders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A healthy body image is a key indicator of a person's A)self-awareness.
B)self-esteem.
C)self-motivation.
D)self-actualization.
Q3) Karen is extremely dissatisfied with her body shape and she has gone through three cosmetic surgeries to alter her facial structure.Karen is most likely suffering from A)social physique anxiety.
B)anorexia nervosa.
C)body dysmorphic disorder. D)bulimia nervosa.
Q4) Eating disorders affect men and women equally. A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how the media influences body image.
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Chapter 16: Improving Your Personal Fitness
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Sample Questions
Q1) How long does it take for a person's body to become accustomed to exercising in the heat?
A)4-5 days
B)about a week
C)about 2 weeks
D)at least 2 months
Q2) If you strain a muscle during exercise,you should put heat packs on it when you get home to ease the pain and promote healing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In hypothermia,death usually occurs when body core temperature drops to A)75-80°F.
B)81-84°F.
C)87-90°F.
D)below 95°F.
Q4) An example of an exercise to build core strength would be A)abdominal curl-ups.
B)jogging.
C)hip stretches.
D)toe touches.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Reducing Your Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer
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Q1) A construction company used asbestos on many job sites over the years.Asbestos is a(n)
A)widely used dye.
B)radioactive material.
C)environmental carcinogen.
D)pesticide.
Q2) Which of the following is a leading cause of disability affecting the extremities,especially in Americans over the age of 65?
A)coronary heart disease
B)angina pectoris
C)peripheral artery disease
D)heart failure
Q3) Which of the following is a cancer that occurs in epithelial tissues?
A)lymphoma
B)carcinoma
C)sarcoma
D)leukemia
Q4) The majority of heart arrhythmias result in death.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: Focus On: Minimizing Your Risk for Diabetes
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Q1) Randy is an overweight 22-year-old whose doctor is concerned about his risk of diabetes.The doctor ordered a test that requires Randy to drink a concentrated glucose solution and then have blood drawn two hours later.The test Randy will undergo is the A)glucose meter test.
B)hemoglobin A1C test.
C)oral glucose tolerance test.
D)fasting plasma glucose test.
Q2) The organ that stores glycogen that has been converted from glucose is the A)spleen.
B)liver.
C)kidney.
D)pancreas.
Q3) Which of the following factors contributes to a diabetes-related amputation?
A)pneumonia or flu
B)low blood pressure
C)impaired immune response
D)kidney failure
Q4) What steps can an individual take to lower the risk of diabetes?
Q5) What is the primary difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
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Chapter 19: Protecting Against Infectious Diseases and Sexually
Transmitted
Infections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is correct about hepatitis B infections worldwide?
A)They are increasing but are not a major health problem.
B)They are increasing and are a major health problem.
C)They are declining and not a major health problem.
D)They are declining but are still a major health problem.
Q2) Which type of immunity occurs when antibodies develop in response to a vaccine?
A)naturally acquired passive immunity
B)naturally acquired active immunity
C)artificially acquired passive immunity
D)artificially acquired active immunity
Q3) The terms HIV and AIDS are synonymous and can be used interchangeably.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Candidiasis is which type of infection?
A)fungal
B)viral
C)protozoan
D)bacterial
Q5) State two reasons that early detection of HIV infection is critical.
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Chapter 20: Focus On: Reducing Risks for Chronic Diseases and Conditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain how an allergy affects the body.
Q2) Kendra is a computer animation major and spends several hours every day creating images on a computer screen.Now a junior,she has begun to notice persistent tingling in her hands and fingers and pain moving her wrists.Kendra probably has A)ganglion cysts.
B)carpal tunnel syndrome.
C)frozen shoulder.
D)Raynaud's syndrome.
Q3) Emphysema may be categorized as a(n) A)allergy.
B)autoimmune disease.
C)chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
D)secondary breathing disorder.
Q4) Chen has the most common type of asthma,which is A)extrinsic (allergic)asthma.
B)intrinsic (nonallergic)asthma.
C)aspirin-induced asthma.
D)stress-induced asthma.
Page 22
Q5) Explain carpal tunnel syndrome and its most common causes.
Q6) Discuss five strategies to protect yourself from back pain and injury.
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Page 23
Chapter 21: Preparing for Aging, Death, and Dying
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Q1) Explain why it is important to build bone mass in your childhood,teens,and early twenties,and identify at least two ways to do this.
Q2) All of the following individuals would be at an increased risk for osteoporosis EXCEPT a(n)
A)smoker.
B)obese man.
C)alcoholic.
D)petite,small-boned woman.
Q3) People 65 and older make up what percentage of the U.S.population?
A)around 5 percent
B)around 9 percent
C)around 14 percent
D)around 21 percent
Q4) Explain how the growing population of elderly will affect society in the future.
Q5) Many older people engage in regular sexual activity.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Thanatology is the study of life after death.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Promoting Environmental Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Smog is sometimes called
A)carbon monoxide pollution.
B)ozone pollution.
C)particulate pollution.
D)sulfur dioxide pollution.
Q2) Lydia is listening to her MP3 player at a decibel level of 80.This is about
A)10 percent softer than a vacuum cleaner.
B)10 percent louder than a vacuum cleaner.
C)10 times louder than a vacuum cleaner.
D)as loud as a chainsaw.
Q3) All forms of radiation pose a threat to human health.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The chemical originally contained in aerosol propellants that is thought to have contributed to the depletion of the ozone layer is
A)carbon oxides.
B)chlorofluorocarbons.
C)fluorohydrochlorides.
D)nitrous oxide.
Q5) Discuss three ways you can reduce the waste you generate at home.
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Chapter 23: Making Smart Health Care Choices
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your primary care provider suspects that you may have an unusual infection in your eyes.To whom would he or she refer you?
A)physician assistant
B)optician
C)optometrist
D)ophthalmologist
Q2) The health insurance program jointly funded by the states and the federal government that provides coverage for low-income individuals and families is
A)Medicare.
B)Medicaid.
C)Social Security.
D)COBRA.
Q3) The placebo effect is the disappearance of symptoms without any apparent reason or treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) List and explain the various mechanisms private insurance companies are still allowed to use,under the Affordable Care Act,to limit potential losses.
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Chapter 24: Focus On: Understanding Complementary and Integrative Health
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Q1) A form of traditional Chinese medicine that is based on knowledge of the body's energy channels but does not involve the insertion of needles is A)acupuncture.
B)acupressure.
C)tai chi.
D)reiki.
Q2) Traditional Chinese medicine is an example of A)movement therapy.
B)an alternative medical system.
C)mind-body medicine.
D)a manipulative practice.
Q3) Alternative health approaches are never used alongside conventional medicine. A)True
B)False
Q4) Because herbs are natural products,they will not interfere with how prescription drugs work within the body.
A)True
B)False
Page 27
Q5) Discuss functional foods and their benefits,and give some examples.
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