Foundations of Electrical Engineering Review
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Course Introduction
Foundations of Electrical Engineering introduces students to the fundamental principles and concepts that form the basis of electrical engineering. The course covers essential topics such as electric circuits, Ohms and Kirchhoffs laws, circuit components (resistors, capacitors, inductors), AC and DC circuit analysis, basic electromagnetic principles, electrical measurement, and an overview of power systems. Through theoretical exploration and practical application, students will develop a solid grounding in analyzing and designing simple electrical circuits, preparing them for more advanced studies in electrical and electronic engineering.
Recommended Textbook
Electronic Principles 8th Edition by Albert Paul Malvino Dr
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) A derivation is a formula produced without the use of mathematics.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Whenever two vertical bars are used in an equation,it means
A) divide twice.
B) in series with.
C) in parallel with.
D) multiply the following value.
Answer: C
Q3) Coulomb's Law states that the force of attraction or repulsion between two charges is directly proportional to the charges and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) A Thevenin circuit cannot be converted to a Norton circuit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Semoconductors
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Q1) What is the term for reverse current on the surface of a crystal?
A) crystal current
B) reverse current
C) surface-leakage current
D) avalanche breakdown current
Answer: C
Q2) A semiconductor is an element with electrical properties between those of a conductor and those of an insulator.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) In a Light-emitting diode (LED),what lifts the electrons to higher energy levels?
A) constant current source
B) applied voltage
C) valence electrons
D) light
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Diode Theory Key
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Q1) A diode that exhibits high resistance in bothdirections when measured with an ohmmeter is
A) shorted.
B) leaky.
C) open.
D) a properly operating diode.
Answer: C
Q2) If the current in a diode is too large
A) the load resistor will short.
B) excessive heat may destroy the diode.
C) the diode becomes an ampli er.
D) bulk resistance becomes smaller.
Answer: B
Q3) The letter Q is an abbreviation for quiescent,which means at rest.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Diode Circuits
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Sample Questions
Q1) A device inserted between the bridge rectifier and capacitor-input filter that is used to prevent an onrush of current is called
A) a slow-blow fuse.
B) an op amp.
C) a choke.
D) a surge resistor.
Q2) The full-wave rectifier is equivalent to three half-wave rectifiers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the circuit called that adds a dc voltage to the signal?
A) rectifier
B) filter
C) clamper
D) clipper
Q4) The capacitor-input filter produces a dc output voltage equal to the peak value of the rectified voltage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Special-Purpose Diodes Key
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Q1) Zener diodes are available with power ratings that range from
A) ½ to more than 100 W.
B) ¼ to more than 50 W.
C) 1 to more than 10 W.
D) 1 to more than 100 W.
Q2) A varactor is a variable voltage multiplier.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The manufacturer's data sheet entry that lists how much the power rating of a device must be reduced is the
A) maximum power dissipation.
B) reverse breakdown voltage.
C) power production factor.
D) derating factor.
Q4) In order to maintain a constant output voltage,the zener diode
A) must be connected to a transformer.
B) must remain forward biased.
C) must remain in the breakdown region.
D) must be in series with a filter capacitor
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Chapter 6: BJT Fumdamentals
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Q1) Transistors operate in the active,or linear region when they are used
A) as switching circuits.
B) to amplify weak signals.
C) as rectifiers.
D) in the breakdown region.
Q2) In a system of analysis called h parameters,hFE is defined as the symbol for thermal resistance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In an npn transistor,the emitter and collector are both n-type materials.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which region of the transistor is physically the largest?
A) collector
B) emitter
C) base
D) beta
Q5) A bipolar junction transistor has two doped regions.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: BJT Biasing
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Q1) Voltage-divider bias produces a fixed value of emitter current that results in a stable operating point that is
A) always located at cutoff.
B) always located at saturation.
C) dependent on the current gain.
D) independent of the current gain.
Q2) A firm voltage divider means that the collector current will be approximately 10 percent lower than the stiff value.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Collector-feedback bias is still sensitive to changes in current gain,but it is used because of its
A) small size.
B) low cost.
C) simplicity.
D) complexity.
Q4) Voltage-divider bias is really emitter bias in disguise.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Basic BJT Amplifiers
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Q1) In order for a bypass capacitor to work properly,its reactance must be
A) much smaller than the resistance.
B) much larger than the resistance.
C) equal to the resistance.
D) infinite.
Q2) The voltage gain of an amplifier is defined as the ac output voltage divided by the ac input voltage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A bypass capacitor appears
A) shorted to dc.
B) open to ac.
C) open to dc.
D) like a semiconductor.
Q4) One way to reduce distortion in a transistor amplifier is to keep the base ac input voltage small.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Multistage,CC,and CB Amplifiers
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Q1) A Darlington connection is a connection of two transistors whose overall current gain equals the sum of the individual gains.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An advantage of a zener follower is
A) low output impedance.
B) high output impedance.
C) large zener diode.
D) low cost.
Q3) It is very difficult to get a small output impedance with a common-collector amplifier.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A Darlington connection typically has a
A) very high input impedance and can produce large output currents.
B) very low input impedance and can produce large output currents.
C) very high input impedance and can produce only small output currents.
D) very low input impedance and can produce only small output currents.
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Chapter 10: Power Amplifiers
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Q1) The type of amplifier coupling that uses inductive action is ________.
A) direct
B) capacitive
C) transformer
D) transistor
Q2) An amplifier circuit that uses two transistors with one conducting for half a cycle while the other is off,and vice versa is called
A) a complementary amplifier.
B) a dual transistor amplifier.
C) push-pull amplifier.
D) push-push amplifier.
Q3) The efficiency of an amplifier is equal to dc output power divided by the ac input power.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Class A operation of an amplifier means that the collector flows for only half the cycle.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: JFETS
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Q1) The term field effect is related to the depletion layers around each p region of a JFET.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is unwanted disturbance superimposed on a useful signal?
A) alternating current
B) harmonics
C) chassis
D) noise
Q3) In the schematic symbol for a p-channel JFET,the gate arrow points out.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The JFET is a voltage-controlled device because an input voltage controls an output current.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A JFET chopper can be used to build a dc amplifier.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Mosfets
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Q1) A discrete E-MOSFET widely used in applications that control motors,lamps,disk drives,and power supplies is called a
A) complementary MOS.
B) power FET.
C) digital FET.
D) analog FET.
Q2) Since the conducting channel of a VMOS is much wider along both sides of the V groove
A) the current can be much larger.
B) the current is much smaller.
C) there is much less distortion.
D) the input resistance is much lower.
Q3) The depletion-mode MOSFET or D-MOSFET is a normally off device.
A)True
B)False
Q4) When the gate voltage of an E-MOSFET is well above the threshold voltage
A) the device switches from cutoff to saturation.
B) the device is biased as a linear amplifier.
C) the device will stay at saturation.
D) the device will stay at cutoff.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Thyristors
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Q1) A thyristor that is designed for easy opening with a reverse-biased trigger is the
A) triac
B) SCR
C) gate-controlled switch
D) IGBT
Q2) The operation of a thyristor involves positive feedback.
A)True
B)False
Q3) An SCR can be tested by using
A) an ammeter.
B) a voltmeter.
C) a curve tracer.
D) an ohmmeter.
Q4) Commercially available SCRs have anode currents that extend as high as ________.
A) 50 mA
B) 100 mA
C) 7 A
D) 70 A
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Frequency Effects
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Q1) Stray capacitance and inductance become serious considerations for discrete and IC devices that are operating
A) below 100 kHz.
B) above 100 kHz.
C) above 100 Hz.
D) below 100 Hz.
Q2) What type amplifier uses direct coupling and amplifies signals down to 0 Hz?
A) transformer coupled amplifier
B) dc amplifier
C) ac amplifier
D) impedance coupled amplifier
Q3) What is one method used to reduce high frequency loss in amplifiers?
A) use large coupling capacitors
B) increase lengths of wires used between stages
C) use transformer coupling
D) keep wires as short as possible
Q4) The frequency response of an amplifier is the graph of its gain versus the frequency.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Differential Amplifiers
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Q1) The typical op amp is a dc amplifier with very high gain,very high input impedance,and very low output impedance.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not a characteristic of an op amp?
A) unity voltage gain
B) very high input impedance
C) very high voltage gain
D) very low output impedance
Q3) When the noninverting and inverting input voltages of a differential amp are present,the output voltage equals the voltage gain times the difference of the two input voltages.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In order to get single-ended input operation using a diff amp,one of the inputs is used and the other input is grounded.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Operational Amplifiers
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Q1) The unity-gain frequency of an op amp is the frequency at which the voltage gain equals 100.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The 741C op amp has an open-loop voltage gain of ________.
A) 100
B) 1000
C) 10,000
D) 100,000
Q3) When an op amp has no feedback path or loop,the voltage gain is minimum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The fastest response that an op amp can have is represented by its A) slew rate.
B) frequency response.
C) compensating capacitor.
D) voltage gain.
Q5) A typical op amp has a single-ended input and a differential output. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Negative Feedback
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Q1) The worst-case error of closed-loop voltage gain occurs when the open-loop voltage gain is ________.
A) greater than 10
B) less than 10
C) maximum
D) minimum
Q2) A current-controlled current source has a
A) very low input impedance and a very high output impedance.
B) very high input impedance and a very low output impedance.
C) very high input impedance and a very high output impedance.
D) very low input impedance and a very low output impedance.
Q3) Which negative amplifier has a very small input impedance and a very large output impedance and can be considered an almost perfect current amplifier?
A) voltage-controlled voltage source
B) transresistance amplifier
C) transconductance amplifier
D) current-controlled current source
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Chapter 18: Linear OP AMP Circuits
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Q1) The characteristics of an instrumentation amplifier does not include
A) large voltage gain.
B) low input offsets.
C) low temperature drift.
D) low input impedance.
Q2) Linear op amp circuits do not include
A) differential amps.
B) instrumentation amps.
C) multiplexers.
D) current boosters.
Q3) What type circuit takes a binary represented value and converts it into a voltage or current?
A) analog-to-digital converter
B) digital-to-analog converter
C) digital step converter
D) analog ladder converter
Q4) Linear op amp circuits include inverting amps,differential amps,instrumentation amps,and current boosters.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Active Filters Key
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Q1) Monotonic means that the stopband has no ripples.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A first-order filter can implement only a Butterworth response because first-order stages have no
A) resonant frequency.
B) capacitors.
C) resistors.
D) active devices.
Q3) Which filter produces the least distortion of digital signals?
A) Butterworth
B) Chebyshev
C) Bessel
D) elliptic
Q4) Which filter has as its passband all frequencies between the lower and upper cutoff frequencies?
A) low-pass
B) high-pass
C) bandpass
D) bandstop
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Nonlinear Op-Amp Circuit Applications Key
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Q1) Oscillators are built with and operate because of A) negative feedback.
B) positive feedback.
C) virtual ground.
D) hysteresis.
Q2) What can be done to alleviate speed limitations such as the slew-rate when using an op amp as a comparator?
A) use a faster op amp
B) increase the supply voltage
C) use capacitive coupling
D) decrease the negative feedback
Q3) An integrator circuit produces amplified sine waves at its output.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the output waveform when a relaxation oscillator is cascaded with an integrator?
A) sine
B) square
C) rectangular
D) triangular
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Chapter 21: Oscillators Key
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Q1) A Hartley oscillator uses a tapped resistor to provide the feedback signal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The span of input frequencies over which the VCO of a PLL can remain locked on to the input frequency is called the
A) VCO range.
B) lock range.
C) frequency range.
D) PLL range.
Q3) An application of the 555 timer sometimes called a voltage-to-frequency converter because the input voltage changes the output frequency is the A) quartz crystal oscillator.
B) twin-T oscillator.
C) astable multivibrator.
D) voltage-controlled oscillator.
Q4) The capacitive or link coupling loading effect is kept as high as possible to ensure an undistorted sinusoidal output.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: Regulated Power Supplies Key
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Q1) Which of the following is the most efficient voltage regulator?
A) shunt
B) series
C) switching
D) buck
Q2) In any power supply,the smaller the load regulation
A) the lower the output voltage.
B) the worse the power supply.
C) the better the power supply.
D) the higher the line regulation.
Q3) The most widely used IC regulators are those with how many pins?
A) 3
B) 6
C) 9
D) 14
Q4) The quality of a power supply depends on its load regulation,line regulation,and output resistance.
A)True
B)False
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