Foundations of Education Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Foundations of Education explores the historical, philosophical, social, and cultural underpinnings of educational theory and practice. This course examines the evolution of educational systems, key thinkers and movements in education, and the impact of societal values on schooling. Students will critically analyze the purposes of education, the role of the teacher, and the influence of diversity and equity in educational settings. Through reflection and discussion, learners will gain a deeper understanding of contemporary educational issues and the foundational principles that guide teaching and learning in various contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Educational Psychology Active Learning Edition 12th Edition by Anita Woolfolk
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15 Chapters
1511 Verified Questions
1511 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Learning, Teaching, and Educational Psychology
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the Woolfolk text,which of the following is true of expert teachers?
A)They are more likely than novices to ignore students' wrong answers.
B)They take more time to solve problems.
C)They judge their success based on their students' achievements.
D)They have a limited and focused knowledge base.
Answer: C
Q2) Discuss how the two teachers might differ in using achievement results as information about (a)student learning and (b)their own success in teaching.
Answer: Compared to Jill,Ms.Ferguson is more likely to use information about student achievement to evaluate the extent to which her new teaching methods or materials allowed her to meet her instructional objectives.Whereas Jill might view her own success as a well-disciplined classroom environment,Ms.Ferguson is likely to view her own teaching success in relation to the achievements of her students.
Q3) Research that is designed to determine the relations between two variables is a(n)________ study.
Answer: correlational
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Development
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84 Verified Questions
84 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seriation refers to the ability to work with symbols.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) Hypothetical-deductive reasoning is characteristic of adolescent egocentrism.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) Piaget's basic blocks of thinking and memory are
A)actions.
B)accommodations.
C)adaptations.
D)schemas.
Answer: D
Q4) Which one of the following is an example of maturation?
A)Gaining weight from age two to age three
B)Losing weight due to exercise
C)Losing weight during a brief illness
D)Learning which foods produce the most weight
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: The Self, Social, and Moral Development
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general,European American girls mature at least two years earlier than African American girls or Mexican American girls.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which one of Erikson's crises would you be LEAST likely to encounter in a K-12 classroom?
A)Identity vs.inferiority
B)Identity vs.role confusion
C)Initiative vs.guilt
D)Integrity vs.despair
Answer: D
Q3) Being recognized as a "good" child by one's parents is especially important at the preconventional stage of moral reasoning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The relationship between self-esteem and academic success is ________. Answer: positive
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Chapter 4: Learner Differences and Learning Needs
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes what three distinct types of intelligence?
A)Analytic,practical,and meta-components
B)Creative,analytic,and practical
C)Insight,creativity,and practical
D)Performance,knowledge,and analytic components
Q2) Define what generally constitutes an emotional behavior disorder.Describe four out of the six categories of disorders presented in Woolfolk's text.
Q3) Providing books on tape would be considered a reasonable accommodation under Section 504.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Tammy received her fourth F in her math class.She accepted the grade and believes that there is nothing she can do to improve her scores.Tammy appears to be experiencing
A)a math ability problem.
B)a passive learning problem.
C)learned helplessness.
D)poor study and attention skills.
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Chapter 5: Language Development, Language Diversity, and Immigrant Education
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74 Verified Questions
74 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cultural-deficit model suggests that immigrant students A)achieve higher than American students because of their greater motivation. B)are just as prepared for school as students who are born in this country.
C)come from an inferior culture that leaves them at a disadvantage. D)deserve special treatment given the obstacles they have overcome.
Q2) An adolescent who knows how to keep a conversation going at an informal gathering is demonstrating good
A)inside skills of emergent language development.
B)sheltered language.
C)pragmatics.
D)syntax.
Q3) Researchers have found the best time for a child to learn a second language on his/her own is
A)during early or middle childhood
B)no one time is better than another
C)early childhood
D)adulthood,when cognitive skills are developed
Q4) What are the likely outcomes (academic,social,personal)for the new students if no additional interventions or strategies are employed?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Culture and Diversity
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gender differences in mathematics achievement are generally the same for all racial groups.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The term gender is associated with judgments influenced by culture and A)androgynous characteristics.
B)biological differences.
C)context.
D)schemas.
Q3) The knowledge,rules,traditions,and attitudes that guide behavior in a particular group of people represent the ________ of that group.
Q4) The purposes of creating culturally compatible classrooms are to lessen ethnic prejudice,racism,and sexism and,at the same time,provide equal opportunities for all students.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The latest research on African American boys reveals that improving their ______________ can help close the achievement gap.
Q6) The commonly used index of wealth,power,and influence is ________.
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Chapter 7: Behavioral Views of Learning
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ms.Johnson's sixth graders complained about diagramming sentences,and they were able to convince her to show a movie first.Ms.Johnson made the common error of
A)bribing the students in order to gain their cooperation.
B)promising a reward for an unfavored activity.
C)providing an incompatible alternative to the lesson.
D)using a reinforcer before a low-frequency behavior.
Q2) B.F.Skinner is to ________,as Ivan Pavlov is to ________.
A)classical conditioning;cognitive learning
B)classical conditioning;operant conditioning
C)cognitive learning;classical conditioning
D)operant conditioning;classical conditioning
Q3) B.F.Skinner established the basis for operant conditioning,and E.L.Thorndike was responsible for developing the concept of operant conditioning.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain why (or why not)such strategies as token reinforcement and contingency contracting might help Kelly's situation.
Q5) Positive reinforcement/negative reinforcement
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Views of Learning
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe what is meant by the "cognitive perspective" and discuss how this perspective differs from behavioral orientations to learning.
Q2) The memory system that initially receives stimuli from the environment is the ________.
Q3) The key to maintaining information in long-term memory is rehearsal.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the levels of processing theory,the length of time information is remembered is determined by
A)how completely the initial learning was accomplished.
B)when we first encountered the information.
C)where it is stored in our memory.
D)why we have chosen to attend to the information.
Q5) Information regarding events of our lives is stored in ________ long-term memory.
Q6) Discuss the children's disagreements in terms of reconstructive memory.Is the variance in their recollections likely to increase or decrease over time? Explain.
Q7) What is the role of schemas in influencing the children's recollections?
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Chapter 9: Complex Cognitive Processes
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95 Verified Questions
95 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Students who are highly creative tend to be extrinsically motivated.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which one of the following statements is TRUE?
A)Analogical thinking and metacognition are the same process.
B)Children in second grade are too young to engage in self-reflection.
C)Very young children are better metacognitve thinkers than adolescents.
D)Students' metacognitive skills are fixed because they are aligned to their learning style.
E)Metacognitive knowledge and skills can be learned and improved.
Q3) As domain-specific knowledge increases,general problem-solving strategies are used more frequently.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which one of the following people illustrates the best example of creative behavior?
A)Billy uses an established method to solve an algebraic equation on a test.
B)Calita uses an encyclopedia to find the significance of the date July 4,1776.
C)Jack pours a solution of acid into a beaker of water in the chemistry lab.
D)Sheryl generates a list of solutions for the recycling problem.
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Chapter 10: The Learning Sciences and Constructivism
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which one of the following statements is an assumption of the learning sciences?
A)Novices have a wide range of procedural knowledge.
B)Prior knowledge does not impact learning as much as earlier researchers believed.
C)Novices have deep conceptual knowledge.
D)Learning is more than receiving information from teachers and texts.
Q2) Research findings suggest that students who tend to benefit most from cooperative learning experiences are those who
A)are active in explaining things to others.
B)are shy or introverted.
C)have high goal expectations.
D)receive individual tutoring from others
Q3) One of the goals of service learning is to encourage students to reflect upon their own role in ________.
Q4) According to Woolfolk,group work and cooperative learning are simply different terms used for the same instructional approach.
A)True
B)False
Q5) When all students are required to participate,this is referred to as ________.
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Chapter 11: Social Cognitive Views of Learning and Motivation
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62 Verified Questions
62 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A student who successfully converts a fraction to a decimal yells out "I did it.I can do it!" is demonstrating a strong sense of
A)self-efficacy for math.
B)expectancy-value.
C)self-esteem.
D)means-ends problem solving ability.
Q2) What are the steps involved in self-regulated learning?
A)Modeling,reflection,self-evaluation,devising plans
B)Teaching,practice,goal-setting,reflective task analysis
C)Analyzing the task,setting goals,devising plans,enacting strategies
D)Self-efficacy,strategy use,volition
Q3) Which one of the following is NOT an essential component of emotional self-regulation?
A)Showing empathy for others
B)Solving problems independently rather than asking for help when needed
C)Acting in an ethical and legal manner
D)Labeling feelings in oneself and others
Q4) In addition to goal setting,outcome ________ affect the process of observation learning.
Q5) Self-regulated learners are ________ to learn.
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Chapter 12: Motivation in Learning and Teaching
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Students who hold a performance-approach goal orientation want to look good in the eyes of others.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In addition to having specific attainable goals,task focus,and supportive social relationships,effective goal-setting in the classroom requires feedback and goal acceptance.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Teachers are encouraged to recognize students for their accomplishments,especially improving their own personal best.
A)True
B)False
Q4) An entity view of ability is consistent with what type of goals?
A)Extrinsic
B)Intrinsic
C)Performance
D)Work-avoidance
Q5) The interest state that arouses,directs,and maintains behavior is ________.
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Chapter 13: Creating Learning Environments
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gordon's "no lose" method of dealing with conflicts involves
A)having both the teacher and the students participate in the solution.
B)having students vote on the best solution to the problem.
C)imposing a solution for the problem on the students.
D)using empathetic listening to help the students discover the solution on their own.
Q2) Both research evidence and classroom practice indicate that assertive discipline is an effective management technique.
A)True
B)False
Q3) To know what is happening in the classroom and to identify what is important are the keys to dealing effectively with ________ problems.
Q4) Requiring the next participant to summarize what the preceding speaker has said before being permitted to speak illustrates the ________ rule.
Q5) "Overlapping" means repeating things over and over until the students can repeat the item themselves.
A)True
B)False
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15
Chapter 14: Teaching Every Student
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what type of situation would it be most desirable for a teacher to use the lecture approach?
A)Application and analysis levels are key cognitive objectives for the material.
B)Cognitive and affective objectives stress lower-level concepts and develop interest in the material.
C)Students are relatively low in ability level and have limited experience with the material.
D)Students differ widely in ability levels and background experiences.
Q2) Scripted cooperation is a learning strategy for pairs of students to take turns summarizing material and criticizing their summaries.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The law requires that all students eligible for special education services must be considered for assistive technology.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adaptive teaching provides all students with challenging learning tasks.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Classroom Assessment, Grading, and Standardized Testing
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185 Verified Questions
185 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Interpret Jennifer's T-score of 60.Based on normal curve properties,what is her approximate percentile rank? Describe how you determined her percentile rank.
Q2) Identify the type of grading system that Ms.Rogers is using.What are its general advantages and disadvantages?
Q3) In a normal distribution,which one of the following measures of central tendency will have the highest value?
A)Mean
B)Median
C)Mode
D)The central tendencies will be equal.
Q4) Increasingly teachers today must show student learning and achievement.Overall,in America we are seeing a high increase in the use of high-stakes tests and public demand for ___________________.
Q5) The most important use of essay tests is to
A)measure simple learning outcomes.
B)measure complex learning outcomes.
C)reduce grading time.
D)sample a wide variety of learning outcomes.
Page 17
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