Foundations of Early Childhood Education
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Early Childhood Education provides an overview of the history, philosophies, and principles underlying early childhood education. Through this course, students examine the developmental stages of young children, the importance of play-based learning, and the role of families and communities in supporting early learning. Emphasis is placed on understanding diverse educational approaches, ethical practices, and current trends in the field. Students are introduced to key theories guiding best practices and explore professional responsibilities involved in creating nurturing, inclusive, and developmentally appropriate learning environments for children birth through age eight.
Recommended Textbook
Teaching Young Children An Introduction 6th Edition by Michael L. Henniger
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15 Chapters
686 Verified Questions
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Chapter 1: Overview of the Profession
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget,Bruner,and Dewey's theories led educators to view primary-age students as thinking more like
A)young adults.
B)teachers.
C)preschool and kindergarten children.
D)adults.
Answer: C
Q2) Public Law 94-142,enacted in the mid-1970s,requires which of the following?
A)Beginning at age 3,all children with special needs must be provided with a free and appropriate public education.
B)Extends availability of programs to those at birth.
C)Extends availability of programs to those who are not developing typically.
D)Beginning at age 8,all children with special needs are provided with a free and appropriate public education.
Answer: A
Q3) One of the major ways children learn about the world is through play.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Historical Contexts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the influences European theorists brought to the field of early learning as compared to those of American influences.
Answer: In general,European contributors have promoted innovative educational theory and practice while American influences built on the direction of European leaders while ushering in a period of rapid growth and improvement in American education.
Q2) _____ is the period that refers to the Child Study movement.
A)The end of the 19th century and beginning of the 20th century
B)The beginning of the 21st century
C)The end of the 20th century and beginning of the 21st century
D)The end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century
Answer: A
Q3) How is the Anti-Biased Curriculum: Tools for Empowering Young Children,written by Louise Derman-Sparks in 1989,influencing education in early childhood settings today?
Answer: Students could refer to Louse Derman-Sparks work as a Perry Preschool Project teacher,developer of curriculum in what became High/Scope and/or her work with anti-bias/diversity education concepts in early learning.
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Chapter 3: Early Childhood Program Models
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Sample Questions
Q1) Finding "pure" models of early childhood programs are hard to find,but most programs have common features that promote development and learning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) _____ is one major difference between Montessori education and many other early care and learning programs.
A)The concept of work experiences rather than play time
B)The use of child-sized equipment
C)The belief that children learn best through hands-on experiences
D)The use of manipulatives as teaching tools
Answer: A
Q3) Compare and contrast any two of the model early care and education programs discussed in this chapter.What are the similarities and differences?
Answer: Students can choose to compare and contrast any of the models discussed in the text.
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Chapter 4: Understanding How a Child Develops and Learns
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Q1) What is Maslow's hierarchy of needs?
Q2) Which of the following theorists proposed a psychosocial theory suggesting that humans pass through a series of eight stages throughout life?
A)Erik Erikson
B)Jean Piaget
C)Sigmund Freud
D)Arnold Gesell
Q3) According to Shonkoff,the following are core concepts regarding brain development,except:
A)Early experience shapes the structure of young brains.
B)Young brains build basic connections first,followed by more complex connections
C)Cognitive,social,and emotional functioning are all interrelated.
D)The ability of the brain to change increases over time.
Q4) Piaget is best known for his work on multiple intelligences.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The attachment bond usually begins at about 14 months.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Play in Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Contemporary theories on why children play are identified as all of the following except
A)psychoanalytic theory.
B)surplus energy theory.
C)play as arousal seeking.
D)cognitive structures.
Q2) When children engage in parallel play,they:
A)play beside,but not with other children.
B)play with,but not beside other children.
C)play in adjacent centers or play spaces.
D)play with little awareness of children around them.
Q3) Children use ____ in activities that strengthen fine motor development.
A)large muscles
B)gross muscles
C)thigh muscles
D)small muscles
Q4) What is the surplus energy theory of play?
Q5) What can you do to make sure that all children engage in quality play experiences?
Q6) Describe a young child engaging in construction play.
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Chapter 6: Guiding Young Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Any event or action that follows a behavior and increases the likelihood that it will occur in the future is a description of
A)negative reinforcement.
B)positive reinforcement.
C)negative listening.
D)positive listening.
Q2) Which of the following identifies the feelings of the adult and helps the child see how his behavior influences others?
A)Time-out
B)Redirection
C)Active listening
D)"I-messages"
Q3) Goals for positive social interactions include all of the following except:
A)demonstrating helping.
B)taking the egocentric perspective.
C)engaging in sharing.
D)exhibiting concern.
Q4) Your text makes a distinction between guidance and discipline.Do you see the differences as significant or not? Give a rationale for your perspective.
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Chapter 7: Diversity and Young Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Inappropriate responses to diversity include all of the following except A)ignoring diversity.
B)talking only about similarities.
C)exposing children to diversity.
D)using only a tourist-multicultural-curriculum approach.
Q2) When children with and without disabilities work together,children with disabilities
A)are exposed to the negative effects of separate,segregated education.
B)receive unrealistic life experiences that limit their abilities to live in the community.
C)experience teachers who isolate them from the rest of the class.
D)have opportunities to develop friendships with typically developing peers.
Q3) Most adults have a clear understanding of their prejudices towards diverse people. A)True
B)False
Q4) What was the major impact of Public Law 94-142?
Q5) Who designs individualized plans for children with special needs?
Q6) Identify two meaningful diversity experiences.
Q7) What is the tourist approach to diversity issues?
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Chapter 8: Planning the Physical Environment: Indoors
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Sample Questions
Q1) A consistent,comfortable environment is created in part by A)constantly changing furniture arrangement.
B)routines for use and storage that are well defined and known by the children.
C)keeping the same materials all year to keep children from being challenged.
D)never using group time to discuss new materials and equipment.
Q2) What are unit blocks?
Q3) Centers that stimulate active play are all of the following except A)blocks.
B)music.
C)housekeeping.
D)library.
E)sand/water play.
Q4) Examples of cooperative games found in the manipulative center include all of the following except A)buttons and string.
B)lotto games.
C)concentration activities.
D)matching toys.
Q5) What are the similarities between infant/toddler,preschool,and primary environments? What are the differences?
10
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Chapter 9: Planning the Physical Environment: Outdoors
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Q1) Adventure Playgrounds from which continent consist of a trained play leader who guides the children in their Adventure Playground experiences?
A)Europe
B)Asia
C)South America
D)Africa
Q2) Research has shown that vigorous outdoor activity helps children avoid obesity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A transition area helps children leave the relatively quiet indoor environment to engage in more active outdoor play.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not an example of fixed equipment?
A)Swings
B)Slides
C)Outdoor building blocks
D)Climbers
Q5) Describe a piece of equipment outdoors that may stimulate solitary play.
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Chapter 10: Developmentally Appropriate Curriculum
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are assessment tools used by teachers except A)standardized tests.
B)observation.
C)portfolios.
D)lesson plans.
Q2) What is the difference between informal and formal observations of children?
Q3) Planning for an effective early childhood curriculum includes all of the following except
A)organizing the indoor and outdoor physical spaces.
B)developing a daily schedule.
C)creating activities,experiences,and lessons based solely on the group's average age.
D)making decisions about procedures and materials.
Q4) The project approach has increased in popularity due in large part to the impressive results of the Reggio Emilia program.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe two curriculum goals appropriate in an early childhood setting.
Q6) What is a portfolio?
Q7) Describe developmentally appropriate assessment for the early childhood setting.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Health and Wellness
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is possible to integrate physical activity with other activities and ways of learning.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Approximately ____% of all households in a recent study has one or more firearms in the home (Forbis,2007).
A)8
B)10
C)24
D)38
Q3) Personal hygiene activities,included in an early learning setting to help prevent illness might include
A)handwashing.
B)caring for a runny nose.
C)brushing teeth.
D)all of the above.
Q4) Physical fitness has long been an important issue for adults.What factors make it necessary to address fitness and health education with young children? Discuss the key components to include in the curriculum.
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Chapter 12: Supporting Emotional and Social Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) All are factors causing children stress except A)early pressure to excel.
B)violence presented in the media.
C)child abuse and neglect.
D)watching programs that promote cooperation.
Q2) Both research and practice suggest that peers strongly influence one another.Knowing this,what will you do to develop positive peer relations?
Q3) All of the following are healthy social skills encouraged by play except A)making friends.
B)sharing.
C)bullying.
D)cooperating.
E)problem solving.
Q4) An example of a complex emotion is A)joy.
B)anger.
C)sadness.
D)boredom.
Q5) Name three strategies that build a positive climate or "friendly workplace"?
Q6) List social skills that are developing as children engage in play activities.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Mathematics,science,and Social Studies
Learning
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Q1) Cognitive development refers to
A)the continuing process of developing social and emotional maturity.
B)the continuing process of learning about the world and all of its many components.
C)the growth associated with the acquisition of coordination and strength.
D)the acquisition of skills needed to successfully move and use fine and gross motor muscles.
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an early childhood experience that can help children learn about others?
A)Mr.Abraham,a preschool teacher,ignores children's questions about blended families when they realize that a classmate lives with his stepmother and biological father.
B)The local child care center has books that represent only the dominant culture's way of living.
C)Banan's father reads a story about Ramadan and discusses their family's practices so her classmates understand the importance of fasting during this time period.
D)A federally funded program serves food that reflects only one culture's diet.
Q3) Why is objectivity difficult for children during the early years?
Q4) Define seriation.
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Chapter 14: The Creative Arts
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Sample Questions
Q1) Creative art experiences are usually adult-centered.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Open-ended materials in the early learning classroom is not essential to adding creativity to the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not an element in the early childhood music curriculum?
A)Listening to music
B)Writing sheet music
C)Responding to music through movement
D)Children making music
Q4) Which of the following is a common misconception about art?
A)adults should consider art a nonessential element of the curriculum.
B)adults should emphasize the process,not the product of art.
C)adults don't need strong art skills to teach it to young children.
D)adults should ask appropriate questions and guide the art experience.
Q5) Identify three ways in which music can be introduced to young children.
Q6) How can music be used to teach cognitive concepts in an early childhood program?
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Technology and Young Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) To use computers in developmentally appropriate ways,early care and education professionals need to find physical space for computers in the early childhood setting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Families and educators have concerns over video game use because children
A)spend a lot of time watching and playing video games.
B)get ideas for creative writing.
C)learn prosocial skills from video game characters.
D)develop skills needed to cooperate and positively interact with others.
Q3) What is drill-and-practice software?
Q4) Extensive television viewing by young children can lead to health and fitness problems.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Concerns about television viewing do not include
A)educational programming.
B)time spent viewing.
C)content of programming.
D)advertising issues.
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