Foundations of Dental Hygiene Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Dental Hygiene introduces students to the core principles, theories, and practices essential to the dental hygiene profession. The course covers the history and evolution of dental hygiene, the roles and responsibilities of dental hygienists, and fundamental concepts in oral health promotion and disease prevention. Students explore basic dental terminology, infection control protocols, professional ethics, patient assessment techniques, and effective communication skills needed in clinical settings. Emphasis is placed on building a strong knowledge base to support safe, ethical, and evidence-based dental hygiene care.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists 10th Edition by Evelyn Thomson
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2
Chapter 1: Dental Radiography: Historical Perspective and Future Trends
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Q1) Early scientists and researchers working in the field of radiography were not aware that continued exposure produced accumulations of radiation effects in the body.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Who first determined that x-rays would play a role in dentistry?
Answer: Dr. Otto Walkhoff. Dr. Walkhoff held a small photographic plate in his mouth for a 25-minute exposure to demonstrate that radiographs of the teeth could be made
Q3) A radiograph is an image produced by exposure to x-rays.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Early dental x-ray machines were an electrical hazard.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Characteristics and Measurement of Radiation
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Q1) Each of the following statements about electromagnetic radiations is true EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) They have a negative electrical charge.
B) They have no mass.
C) They pass through space as particles and in a wave-like motion.
D) They have no weight.
Answer: A
Q2) The smallest particle of a substance that still retains the properties of that substance is a/an:
A) atom.
B) electron.
C) neutron.
D) molecule.
Answer: D
Q3) Energy that travels in a different direction than that of the original x-ray is collectively called "secondary radiation."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 4
Chapter 3: The Dental X-Ray Machine: Components and Function
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Q1) The x-ray beam formed at the focal spot is monochromatic.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The duration of an x-ray exposure is determined by which control?
A) The timer
B) The line switch
C) The kVp selector
D) The mA selector
Answer: A
Q3) Dental x-ray machines contain each of the following components EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) Control panel
B) Extension arm
C) Radioactive material
D) Tube head
Answer: C
Q4) What is the term for the measurement of the number of electrons moving through a wire conductor?
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Answer: Amperage measures the number of electrons that move through a conductor.
Chapter 4: Factors Affecting Radiographic Quality
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Q1) Which of the following statements about dental radiographic exposure variables is true?
A) Increasing the mA darkens the radiograph.
B) Decreasing exposure time darkens the radiograph.
C) Exposure time is difficult to change on most machines.
D) Milliamperage affects radiographic contrast.
Q2) The term "short-scale contrast" describes a radiograph in which density differences between adjacent areas are small.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Digital imaging sharpness can be affected by pixel size and distribution.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The difference in densities between adjacent areas on the radiograph is termed:
A) sharpness.
B) density.
C) resolution.
D) contrast.
Q5) Why should the x-ray film be placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth?
Q6) The quality of the beam of radiation is determined by which exposure factor?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Effects of Radiation Exposure
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Q1) Scientists do not know whether low levels of radiation exposure carry health risks.
A)True
B)False
Q2) All cells in the human body have the same sensitivity to radiation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A threshold dose-response relationship indicates that any dose, regardless of amount, can be expected to produce a biologic response.
A linear dose-response relationship indicates that the biologic response is directly proportional to the Dose.
A) The first statement is true. The second statement is false.
B) The first statement is false. The second statement is true.
C) Both statements are true.
D) Both statements are false.
Q4) Erythema is a stochastic effect of exposure to radiation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Radiation Protection
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Q1) Which of the following statements regarding lead aprons is FALSE?
A) They are fabricated of 0.25-mm lead or lead-equivalent materials.
B) They should be folded and stored when not in use.
C) They provide a protective barrier against scatter radiation.
D) Their use is in keeping with the ALARA concept.
Q2) Each of the following protects the radiographer from radiation EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) Wearing a personnel-monitoring device
B) Increased distance from the source of radiation
C) Standing behind protective shielding during exposure
D) Spending less time near radiation-producing equipment
Q3) Medical, dental, and therapeutic radiation is included in the MPD.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A rectangular PID requires a larger dose of radiation to produce a diagnostic-quality radiograph than a circular PID.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What undesirable effect does collimation reduce?
Q6) Currently, what film speed is recommended to reduce radiation exposure?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Dental X-Ray Film and Processing Methods
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Q1) Which of the following radiographs gets its name from the Greek word that means around and the Latin word for apex that refers to the root tip?
A) Bitewing
B) Periapical
C) Occlusal
D) Panoramic
Q2) A pedodontic film is any film used to radiograph a child's teeth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding extraoral film is FALSE?
A) It is used outside the mouth.
B) It comes individually wrapped in protective paper.
C) It is called a "screen film."
D) It uses intensifying screens.
Q4) The radiation exposure needed for extraoral film projections is higher than that needed for intraoral projections.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Extraoral radiographs require the use of a cassette and what else?
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Chapter 8: Digital Radiography and Image Acquisition
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Q1) Each of the following statements regarding automatic film processing is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) It requires diligent care for optimal performance.
B) Chemical solutions are heated to match the temperature used in manual processing.
C) If processor rollers are not kept clean, films can emerge streaked.
D) It uses a roller transport system to move the film through the processing cycle.
Q2) At a minimum, how often should manual processing solutions be changed?
A) Every week
B) Every 2 weeks
C) Every 3 weeks
D) Every month
Q3) Which processing solution prevents further film development?
Q4) Developer contains hydroquinone and elon.
A)True
B)False
Q5) With what should powdered and liquid concentrate forms of processing solutions be mixed?
Q6) Of what material are manual processing tanks fabricated?
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Chapter 9: Infection Control
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Q1) Are digital radiography systems limited to intraoral images?
Q2) What is the digital equivalent of film fog?
Q3) Each of the following statements regarding photostimulable phosphor plates is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) They use rare earth-coated plates.
B) The plates are disposable.
C) They store x-ray energy until stimulated by a laser beam.
D) They are similar to film-based radiography in that they must be "developed" later.
Q4) How can two images, taken over time, be compared using digital subtraction?
Q5) Most digital imaging systems cannot be used with conventional x-ray machines.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Each pixel is a single dot in a digital image.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Digitization converts radiographs obtained with traditional film-based radiography to digital images.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Legal and Ethical Responsibilities
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Q1) What are infectious diseases?
Q2) The radiographer should be able to aseptically open all film packets in a full mouth series in 2 minutes or less to avoid excessive exposure to safelight.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The goal of infection control is the prevention and reduction of disease-causing (pathogenic) microorganisms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Prior to film placement, preprocedural mouthrinses are considered: A) antiseptics.
B) disinfectants.
C) sterilants.
D) sanitizers.
Q5) The radiographer should use powdered, nonsterile gloves made of latex or vinyl when placing intraoral radiographs.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What is asepsis?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Patient Relations and Education
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Q1) Federal laws regulate the manufacture of dental x-ray machines and state regulations control the use of x-ray equipment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the term for the legal right all patients have regarding choices about the health care they will receive?
Q3) "Liable" means to be legally obligated to make good any loss or damage that may occur.
A)True
B)False
Q4) There are national guidelines regarding who can place and expose dental radiographs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Who has a legal right to request copies of a patient's radiographs?
A) Another dentist
B) The patient
C) An insurance company
D) All of the above
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Chapter 12: Introduction to Radiographic Examinations
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Q1) What is the name of the process by which information is exchanged between two or more people?
Q2) Which of these statements regarding patient relations is FALSE?
A) Respectfulness and courtesy are examples of interpersonal skills.
B) The radiographer's attitude toward his or her own technical ability is conveyed to the patient.
C) If a patient has concerns regarding x-ray exposure, the radiographer should tell the patient not to worry, everything will be okay.
D) If the radiographer feels the procedure is unnecessary or uncomfortable, these feelings will be conveyed to the patient.
Q3) The radiographer's attitude toward his or her own technical ability will also be conveyed to the patient.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A position assumed by the body in connection with a feeling or mood is called: A) attitude.
B) empathy.
C) communication.
D) chairside manner.
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Chapter 13: The Periapical Examinationparalleling Technique
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Q1) What is the spot on the surface of the patient's face toward which the central ray is directed called?
Q2) What are the units used to describe angulation?
Q3) Radiographs are shadow images on an image receptor.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The size #3 film or phosphor plate is used exclusively for occlusal radiographs of adult patients, and the size #4 film or phosphor plate is used exclusively for horizontal bitewing radiographs of adult patients.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Periapical radiographs can be taken with each of the following image receptor sizes EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
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Q6) What device is used to facilitate positioning the image receptor, film or digital sensor parallel to the teeth?
Chapter 14: The Periapical Examinationbisecting Technique
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Q1) The principles of the paralleling technique include each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) The image receptor is placed parallel to the long axis of the tooth of interest.
B) The central ray of the x-ray beam is directed perpendicular to the tooth and to the image receptor.
C) The central ray of the x-ray beam is directed at a plane halfway between the long axis of the tooth and the long axis of the image receptor.
D) Parallel placement of the image receptor is accomplished using an image receptor holder.
Q2) Which of these image receptor holders is NOT designed for use with the paralleling technique?
A) XCP
B) XCP-DS
C) Snap-A-Ray
D) RAPD
Q3) How is correct vertical angulation achieved when using the paralleling technique?
Q4) How is the correct point of entry achieved when using the paralleling technique?
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Chapter 15: The Bitewing Examination
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Q1) Because it satisfies fewer shadow-casting principles, the bisecting technique is less likely to produce superior diagnostic-quality radiographs.
A)True B)False
Q2) Specific vertical angulations required when using the bisecting technique differ from those used with the paralleling technique.
A)True B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding image receptor holders is FALSE?
A) Short bite blocks should be used for the bisecting technique.
B) External aiming devices help locate correct angles and points of entry.
C) External aiming devices eliminate the need to position the patient's head precisely.
D) Bite blocks with an L-shaped back plate should be used with the bisecting technique.
Q4) Excessive vertical angulation when using the bisecting technique will elongate the image.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 16: The Occlusal Examination
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Q1) What is the orientation of a traditionally placed bitewing radiograph in the posterior regions?
Q2) What size image receptor is used for bitewing radiographs on a child with primary teeth?
Q3) Which of the following is the cause of overlap error, when the overlapping appears to be more severe in the distal or posterior region of the image?
A) The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the mesial
B) The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the distal
C) The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the occlusal
D) The horizontal angulation was directed obliquely from the apical
Q4) When a class II occlusal relationship presents, the anterior edge of the image receptor should be positioned behind the distal half of the maxillary canine for a premolar bitewing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the main purpose of the bitewing radiograph?
Q6) Overlap refers to an elongated or foreshortened image on a bitewing radiograph.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
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Chapter 17: The Panoramic Examination
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Q1) Topographical radiographs of the mandible are ideal at detecting the presence of salivary stones (sialoliths) in the ducts of the sublingual and submandibular glands.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The patient's head should be reclined and the chin tipped upward for which occlusal projection?
A) Maxillary anterior topographical
B) Maxillary posterior topographical
C) Mandibular posterior topographical
D) Mandibular cross-sectional
Q3) Each of the following is a use of an occlusal radiograph EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) Detecting incipient, interproximal caries
B) Locating soft tissue calcifications
C) Assisting in the evaluation of fractures
D) Revealing retained roots of extracted teeth
Q4) Do occlusal radiographs display dimensional distortion?
Q5) Is it acceptable to recline the chair or tip the headrest back to facilitate obtaining an occlusal radiograph?
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Chapter 18: Identifying and Correcting Undiagnostic Radiographs
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Q1) Misuse of a cotton roll to stabilize the image receptor may result in root tips being cut off from the image.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A slanted or tilted occlusal plane results from which of the following?
A) Not using a cotton roll to stabilize the image receptor holder
B) Not positioning the edge of the image receptor parallel to the occlusal plane
C) Orienting the image receptor vertically when it should have been oriented horizontally
D) Placing the image receptor in the mouth backward
Q3) Failing to record the incisal or occlusal edges of the teeth on a periapical radiograph most likely results from an error made in which of the following steps?
A) Placement of the image receptor
B) Horizontal angulation
C) Vertical angulation
D) Centering the x-ray beam
Q4) A scratched safelight filter or incorrect bulb wattage can result in film fog.
A)True
B)False
Page 20
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Chapter 19: Quality Control and Environmental Safety in Dental Radiography
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Q1) A qualified health physicist should examine the equipment for which of the following failed tests?
A) Radiation output consistency
B) Darkroom safelight adequacy
C) Fresh film test
D) Reference film test
Q2) Radiographic competencies of the dental assistant and dental hygienist include each of the following EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) The ability to recognize quality radiographs
B) The ability to identify the cause of poor-quality radiographs
C) The ability to complete necessary state documentation of safe operating equipment
D) The ability to apply appropriate corrective actions to failed quality control tests
Q3) Only the dentist has the authority to carry out quality control tests on radiographic systems used in the practice.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a reference film?
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Chapter 20: Image Orientation and Introduction to Interpretation
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Q1) Who is responsible for reviewing the MSDS?
A) The dentist
B) The dental assistant
C) The dental hygienist
D) All of the above
Q2) Describe the appropriate use of an emergency eyewash station.
Q3) Waste materials that present a threat to community health or the environment are called:
A) hazardous.
B) biodegradable.
C) recycled.
D) microbial.
Q4) What gloves best protect the radiographer during processing chemical replenishment?
A) Plastic overgloves
B) Nitrile utility gloves
C) Vinyl treatment gloves
D) Powdered latex gloves
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Q5) List personal protective equipment (PPE) required for safe handling of processing chemicals.
Chapter 21: Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Intraoral Radiographs
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Q1) The oblique ridge, mylohyoid ridge, and submandibular fossa are all anatomical landmarks that can be found on radiographs of the mandibular posterior region.
A)True
B)False
Q2) After orienting the embossed dots all the same way, the next suggested step when systematically mounting dental radiographs is to:
A) separate anterior periapical radiographs from posterior periapical radiographs.
B) separate maxillary periapical radiographs from mandibular periapical radiographs.
C) separate bitewing radiographs from periapical radiographs.
D) label the film mount with the patient's name and date.
Q3) How long should dental radiographs be retained?
Q4) Clues that assist the radiographer in the mounting process include using the size and orientation of the film packet.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Who is responsible for interpreting a patient's radiographs?
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Chapter 22: Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy
Panoramic Radiographs
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Q1) What is the very small, circular radiolucency often observed in the middle of the radiopaque genial tubercles called?
Q2) The zygomatic process is most likely to be recorded on an intraoral radiograph of the:
A) maxillary anterior region.
B) maxillary posterior region.
C) mandibular anterior region.
D) mandibular posterior region.
Q3) What is the round radiolucency often observed near the apices of the mandibular premolars called?
Q4) Which of the following soft tissues may be imaged on an intraoral dental radiograph?
A) Eyelid
B) Ear lobe
C) Tip of the nose
D) Cheek
Q5) What is the radiopaque ridge that extends forward and downward on the lateral surface of the mandible called?
Q6) How does the lateral fossa appear on a dental radiograph?
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Chapter 3: Radiographic Appearance of Dental Materials and Foreign Objects
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Q1) Each of the following is true regarding the radiographic appearance of composite restorations EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) They may appear either radiopaque or radiolucent.
B) They may appear with irregular or diffuse margins.
C) They may mimic caries.
D) They may appear about the same density as cementum.
Q2) Which of the following restorative crown types appears the least radiopaque?
A) Porcelain fused to metal
B) Full metal
C) Stainless steel
D) Porcelain
Q3) A condition where the cementum of adjacent teeth is joined together is called "condensing osteitis."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Hypercementosis is distinguished from other radiopacities in bone by the absence of the periodontal ligament space.
A)True
B)False
25
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Chapter 24: The Use of Radiographs in the Detection of Dental Caries
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Q1) Moderate caries is seen radiographically as a radiolucency that has:
A) penetrated less than halfway through the enamel.
B) penetrated over halfway through the enamel but did not reach the DEJ.
C) penetrated at or through the DEJ but less than halfway through the dentin toward the pulp.
D) penetrated over halfway through the dentin toward the pulp.
Q2) Recurrent caries appears as a radiolucency adjacent to the restoration.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following conditions resembles caries on a radiograph?
A) Nonmetallic restorations
B) Cervical burnout
C) Mach band effect
D) All of the above
Q4) Root caries develops between the enamel border and free gingival margin on the cemental surface of the tooth.
A)True
B)False
Page 26
Q5) What term is applied to an optical illusion in which radiolucent lines are caused by overlapping images of the teeth?
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Chapter 25: The Use of Radiographs in the Evaluation of Periodontal Diseases
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Q1) Which of the following statements is FALSE?
A) Radiographs assist with determining active versus arrested disease.
B) Radiographs provide information on the tooth root-to-crown ratio.
C) Radiographs provide documentation of the progression of periodontal disease.
D) Radiographs can assist the practitioner with predicting outcomes of treatment.
Q2) To accurately record the alveolar crestal bone, which of the following is necessary?
A) Precise parallelism with vertical and horizontal angulations
B) Placement of the image receptor parallel to the long axis of the tooth
C) Central rays of the x-ray beam directed perpendicular to the tooth and image receptor
D) All of the above
Q3) Vertical bone loss is the same diagnosis as </KT><KT>angular bone loss.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Radiographs document the amount of bone remaining rather than the amount lost.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Which of these statements is FALSE?
A) A size #0 or #1 intraoral image receptor is usually the choice for a child with primary teeth.
B) The preferred image receptor for use with a child with transitional dentition is size #1.
C) The radiographer should use the largest size image receptor the child can tolerate.
D) The amount of radiation required does not depend on the size of the intraoral image receptor.
Q2) When should a child receive his or herhis or her first professional oral examination?
Q3) Deciding whether to expose dental radiographs on a child patient is based on:
A) age.
B) behavior.
C) individual needs.
D) sensitivity of the oral cavity.
Q4) The radiographer should place the image receptor and take the exposure without showing the child.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: Pediatric Radiographic Techniques
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Q1) Which of the following would be most likely to assist in controlling a tactile stimulated gag response?
A) Place a commercial edge-covering product over the image receptor.
B) Direct the patient to press the back of the head against the headrest.
C) Ask the patient to breath deeply through the nose.
D) Project confidence while maintaining an empathetic attitude.
Q2) Each of the following statements regarding the gag reflex is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) The radiographer should not dismiss patient concerns about gagging as "all in the mind."
B) The radiographer should inform the patient that there are techniques to help minimize the gag reflex.
C) Most gagging patients are embarrassed by their involuntary reaction of gagging.
D) The radiographer should let the patient place the image receptor in his or her own mouth to help control the gag reflex.
Q3) What is one possible theory to explain why stimulating the oral mucosa by digital palpation suppresses the gag reflex?
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Chapter 28: Radiographic Techniques for Patients With Special Needs
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Q1) Looking at a full mouth series of radiographs you note that an impacted retained primary root tip can be observed between the right mandibular second premolar and the first molar in the premolar periapical radiograph. You note that the root tip appears to have "moved" mesially in the molar periapical radiograph. Which of the following is true regarding the impacted retained primary root tip?
A) It is located on the buccal.
B) It is located on the lingual.
C) An additional radiograph would be required to determine the buccal or lingual location of the impacted retained primary root tip.
Q2) The exposure settings for the maxillary molar region should be higher than those used in the mandibular anterior region.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bony outgrowths on the palate and lingual surfaces of the mandible are called "nodules."
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the principle behind the tubeshift method of localization?
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Chapter 29: Radiographic Techniques for Specific Oral Conditions
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/79522
Sample Questions
Q1) Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is computed tomography technology dedicated to dental applications.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Certain darkroom safelights that are safe for intraoral films may not be safe for extraoral films.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Calcium tungstate or</KT> barium strontium sulfate will fluoresce and emit energy in the form of green light when they absorb x-rays.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Each of the following statements regarding extraoral film is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) It is individually packaged in the same manner as intraoral films.
B) It should not be handled with latex or vinyl treatment gloves.
C) It is more sensitive than intraoral film.
D) It is used in conjunction with a pair of intensifying screens.
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Q5) What type of gloves are required when handling extraoral film in the darkroom?
Chapter 30: Radiographic Techniques
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Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/79523
Sample Questions
Q1) What happens to the radiographic image if intensifying screens and film are not in tight contact?
Q2) What is the name of the anatomic landmark that appears on a panoramic image as a concave, depressed area of the temporal bone located anterior to the external auditory meatus where the head of the mandibular condyle rests?
Q3) Panoramic radiography is based on the principles of tomography.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A panoramic radiograph is often selected to identify caries. A)True
B)False
Q5) Each of the following statements regarding fundamentals of panoramic radiography is correct EXCEPT one. Which one is the EXCEPTION?
A) The rotational center is the axis on which the tube head and the cassette rotate.
B) The x-ray source and the film remain stationary.
C) They are based on the principles of tomography.
D) The x-rays emerge from a narrow, vertical slit in the tube head.
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