Foundations of Democracy Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth exploration of the principles, development, and practice of democracy in historical and contemporary contexts. Students will examine the philosophical origins of democratic ideas, the evolution of democratic institutions, and the challenges faced in sustaining democratic societies. Through analysis of case studies and foundational texts, the course highlights the roles of citizenship, rule of law, civil liberties, and political participation in shaping democratic governance. By the end of the course, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of the values and mechanisms that underpin democracy and their relevance to global issues today.
Recommended Textbook
The Enduring Democracy 4th Edition by Kenneth Dautrich
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16 Chapters
1193 Verified Questions
1193 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The More Things Changethe More They Stay the
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61 Verified Questions
61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Democracy is ____________________.
A) government in which elected officials have control and remove any power or authority from the people
B) a form of government in which a small exclusive class holds supreme power
C) government in which religion plays a significant role
D) government in which the people, either directly or through elected representatives, hold power and authority
E) the only true and legitimate form of government
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is not an example of the domination of elections in the United States by individuals with immense power and influence?
A) Boss Tweed and Tammany Hall in New York City
B) the Thomas Prendergast Machine in Missouri
C) Carnegie Hall in New York
D) the Daley Political Machine in Chicago
E) All of these choices are correct.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Founding and the Constitution
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Q1) "Separation of powers" is an application of the political philosophy of _____________.
A) Hobbes
B) Montesquieu
C) de Tocqueville
D) Rousseau
E) Locke
Answer: B
Q2) At the Constitutional Convention in 1787, the Federalists ____________.
A) strongly objected to ratification and enactment of the new constitution
B) were opposed to a strong central government
C) were in favor of a strong central government and for ratification of the new constitution
D) favored states' rights and were opposed to any form of national government
E) favored a central government only if the states were given veto powers over the central government
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Federalism
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Q1) What effect did President Reagan have on the U.S. Supreme Court?
A) During the Reagan era, the Supreme Court invalidated many of the president's policies, so Reagan had little effect on the Supreme Court.
B) During his tenure, President Reagan had the opportunity to appoint four justices to the Supreme Court who were generally supportive of state powers, so the trend of devolution was strengthened in the judicial branch.
C) President Reagan appointed only one justice to the Supreme Court, an action that ultimately had little impact on the Court.
D) During his tenure, President Reagan was able to appoint several justices with liberal ideologies to the Supreme Court.
E) President Reagan arbitrated a stronger relationship between the Supreme Court and Congress whereby they worked cooperatively and in unison to implement policies.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Civil Liberties
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Q1) The section of the U.S. Constitution commonly referred to as the Bill of Rights consists of ________________.
A) the powers of the president to curtail individual rights
B) the first 10 amendments to the Constitution, added in 1791
C) Article III, which sets up the judicial branch
D) voluntary measures to ensure domestic tranquility
E) police powers that are designed to control citizen uprisings
Q2) The legal standard that requires the government to attain a warrant demonstrating "probable cause" for any "search" that violates a person's actual and reasonable expectation of privacy is called the _______________.
A) good faith exception
B) Katz test
C) exclusionary rule
D) ex post facto law
E) free exercise clause
Q3) The Supreme Court has clearly refused to halt the use of the death penalty in the United States. However, through various opinions the Court has made a number of exceptions to its finding that the death penalty is not unconstitutional. List and discuss some of these exceptions.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Civil Rights, Equality and Social Movements
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Q1) The ability to enter into a work contract would be an example of ___________ equality.
A) social
B) economic
C) visible
D) political
E) practical
Q2) When Rosa Parks refused to give up her seat on a public bus, she was practicing which of the following tactics?
A) civil disobedience
B) strike
C) boycott
D) litigation
E) riot
Q3) W. E. B. Du Bois helped found the __________.
A) HRC
B) NAACP
C) SCLC
D) KKK
E) ACLU
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Chapter 6: Congress
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Q1) The committee system in Congress allows for all of the following, except _________________.
A) specialized knowledge among members
B) a division of labor within the chambers
C) a deference given by members to their colleagues in a committee
D) a unanimous vote on legislation
E) a need to protect one's own authority in a committee
Q2) Which of the following best describes why passing new laws through Congress is difficult?
A) the threat of a presidential veto
B) the power exercised by the Speaker of the House
C) the power exercised by the president pro tempore of the senate
D) the fact that Congress has a tradition of slowness in action
E) cooperation between the House and senate is necessary to pass legislation
Q3) The U.S. bicameral legislative system ______________________.
A) allowed for compromise between factions at the Constitutional Convention
B) makes passage of laws more difficult than in a unicameral system
C) divides the legislative power nearly equally between the two chambers
D) allows for a system of checks and balances within the legislative branch
E) All of these choices are correct.
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Chapter 7: The Presidency
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Q1) As chief legislator of the United States, the president has the power to
A) negotiate and execute treaties
B) appoint federal judges
C) meet directly with foreign heads of state
D) help set the lawmaking agenda for Congress
E) grant reprieves and pardons
Q2) As commander-in-chief, the role of the president in the twentieth century has evolved dramatically. Describe how presidents of the twentieth century have used this constitutional role to project their power in a global arena.
Q3) Describe the president's relationships with the public, Congress, and the media, and how each plays a role in his success as president.
Q4) The U.S. Constitution does not formally require that a president be
A) a natural-born citizen
B) 35 years of age or older
C) a college-educated male
D) a resident of the United States for at least 14 years
E) nominated by a political party
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Chapter 8: The Federal Bureaucracy
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Q1) Explain the constitutional foundation for the federal bureaucracy. Where in the federal government is most of the bureaucracy found, and what is the role of the bureaucracy? To whom is the federal bureaucracy accountable, and how is accountability achieved?
Q2) What is meant by "administrative law"?
A) ethical standards for agency employees including all managers and administrators
B) laws that relate specifically to the authority of an administrative agency, are created by that agency, and carry the enforceability of law
C) laws in which Congress dictates how an agency head will conduct his or her business
D) laws created by the president that all federal agencies must follow but state agencies may disregard in certain cases
E) court opinions that carry the weight of law based on Supreme Court rulings that have stood over time
Q3) Compare and contrast the activities of political appointees, career professionals, and civil service employees. Describe the evolution of how each group is hired and the laws Congress has passed in order to regulate the system today.
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Chapter 9: The Judiciary
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Q1) When one private party contests another and the lawsuit or action is brought before a judge in a court of law, the process is referred to collectively as
A) prosecution
B) indictment
C) litigation
D) appeal
E) civil discourse
Q2) The U.S. Constitution declares that the constitution is supreme law. The reality of this pronouncement can be quite complicated; but in theory, what impact does this have on state-level courts?
A) The federal courts have full authority over the state criminal and civil laws as well as the state courts.
B) All decisions by the state courts must be reviewed by the federal courts.
C) This is actually a common law statement from the 1700s that now has no meaning.
D) State courts must comply with pronouncements from the U.S. Supreme Court over the meaning of the constitution and Bill of Rights.
E) All state courts are subordinate to the federal court system and Congress.
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Chapter 10: Public Opinion
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Q1) Why is public opinion central to America's system of government?
A) The constitution requires a majority of the public to approve legislation.
B) Representatives must vote according to the majority opinion of their constituents.
C) America has a democratic type of government and public opinion can influence government decision making.
D) The First Amendment requires Congress to listen to the "speech" of the people.
E) Public opinion does not play a role in America's system of government.
Q2) Today, the most common method used to determine public opinion is ___________________.
A) a nationwide election
B) the sales reports from nationwide marketing agencies
C) the public opinion poll
D) letters to representatives
E) telephone and e-mail contacts to the White House Press Office
Q3) Discuss the ways in which you have been influenced in the development of your political orientation. What groups, factors, or institutions have played an important role in this development?
Q4) Public opinion exists at three basic levels. List and describe these levels.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Interest Groups
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Q1) Which of the following is not an example of an intergovernmental lobby?
A) The National League of Cities
B) U.S. Conference of Mayors
C) The Council of State Governments
D) The National Governors Association
E) Americans for Free Choice
Q2) The law that requires that employees in unionized workplaces to either join the union or pay the equivalent of union dues to it after a set period of time is called a(n)
A) closed shop
B) open shop
C) union shop
D) solidary benefit
E) material benefit
Q3) Explain James Madison's views of factions, as expressed in Federalist No. 10. What guarantees does the First Amendment provide to interest groups? Given Madison's views and the protections provided in the First Amendment, do you believe interest groups serve an important role in our democracy? Explain.
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13
Chapter 12: The Media and American Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did citizens get news prior to the American Revolution?
A) The federal government printed monthly news updates.
B) Larger cities had daily or weekly newspapers that carried in-depth reporting and analysis.
C) The British government provided all news sources prior to America's independence.
D) Only British media outlets were allowed to compete in the American news market though all news must be sympathetic to the British rule.
E) A handful of small newspapers published by printers were oriented toward paid advertising, but also produced some political pamphlets.
Q2) Which of the following represented the first televised presidential debate?
A) 1932-Hoover/Roosevelt
B) 1948-Truman/Dewey
C) 1960-Kennedy/Nixon
D) 1968-Humphrey/Nixon
E) 1980-Reagan/Mondale
Q3) Provide an understanding of the principle functions of the media in American politics, and how each promotes the free flow of information to the public.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Political Parties and Voting
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Q1) In the 1828 presidential election Andrew Jackson won easily against the candidate who had defeated him in an 1824 electoral college upset. Which of the following was not a result of this important election?
A) The Democratic party emerged and became a strong and lasting force in politics.
B) Political parties quickly realized the need to organize within the states to build a strong organizational base.
C) Political parties became larger and stronger.
D) Political parties began to hold national party conventions.
E) The United States shifted to a one-party system, making it illegal to oppose the dominant party.
Q2) Which of the following presidents was not a product of the New Deal coalition that was established in 1932?
A) Harry Truman
B) FDR
C) Lyndon Johnson
D) JFK
E) Ronald Reagan
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Campaigns and Elections
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Q1) The first presidential election in which a state held a direct primary was _______.
A) 1880
B) 1912
C) 1900
D) 1916
E) 1892
Q2) The first state to hold a direct primary in a presidential election was ______________.
A) Wisconsin
B) Illinois
C) Wyoming
D) New York
E) Florida
Q3) Explain the concept of "battleground states." What role do battleground states play in the presidential election process, and what is their overall effect during a presidential election? Do you think battleground states would still exist if the electoral college was replaced with a national popular vote for selection of the president? Explain.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: American Domestic Policy
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Q1) Which policy deals with how to raise revenue through taxation and how to spend the revenue generated?
A) monetary policy
B) economic manipulation
C) political prioritization
D) social policy
E) fiscal policy
Q2) Define the term fiscal policy. Describe America's evolution of thought with regard to this policy, from laissez-faire, to one based in Keynesian economic theory, to "supply-side economics." Which do you believe is the best approach for America, and why?
Q3) In the policymaking process, the stage in which the policy under consideration assumes the authority of law through ratification by Congress or through regulations issued by the relevant administrative agencies is called the ________ stage.
A) evaluation
B) formulation
C) adoption (or legitimation)
D) recognition-definition
E) implementation
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Page 17
Chapter 16: American Foreign Policy
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Q1) Which of the following refers to the doctrine of increasing the territory or economic influence of one's own country?
A) isolationism
B) expansionism
C) manifest destiny
D) pacifism
E) militarism
Q2) Describe the differences between the ideologies of isolationism, expansionism, pacifism, and internationalism. Which do you believe would be the best approach for America in its current foreign policy approach? Explain why and provide examples of foreign policy that would help achieve this goal.
Q3) In 1945, the United States joined the newly created __________, an international organization formed to promote and maintain international peace.
A) United Nations
B) League of Nations
C) NATO
D) Truman Doctrine
E) Monroe Doctrine
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