Foundations of Criminal Law
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Criminal Law provides an in-depth exploration of the fundamental principles that underpin the criminal justice system. This course examines the nature and purpose of criminal law, including the concepts of crime, responsibility, and punishment. Students will analyze the elements of criminal offenses, defenses, and the processes by which criminal liability is established. Through case studies and statutory interpretation, the course equips students with the analytical tools needed to understand and apply the core doctrines of criminal law, laying essential groundwork for advanced legal study and professional practice.
Recommended Textbook
Crime and Criminal Justice Concepts and Controversies 1st Edition by Stacy L. Mallicoat
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14 Chapters
997 Verified Questions
997 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the crime control model,one could argue that it is better for the guilty to go free than to risk incarcerating or executing the innocent.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Select the response that incorrectly represents the wedding cake model of justice.
A) It helps us understand how cases can be treated differently by the criminal justice process.
B) It illustrates that the media can impact cases in the criminal justice system.
C) It illustrates that misdemeanor offenses are more common than felonies.
D) It illustrates that serious felonies are more common than lesser felonies.
Answer: D
Q3) The three agencies of the criminal justice system are the police,courts,and corrections.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Concepts of Law and Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is statutory law?
Answer: Laws that are established by governments.
Q2) The M'Naghten rule is the foundation for most state definitions of this defense.
A) Duress
B) Insanity
C) Necessity
D) Self-defense
Answer: B
Q3) What is case law?
Answer: Case law is created as a result of legal decisions by the court.These new interpretations of the law are called precedent.
Q4) In June 2015,Texas governor Greg Abbott signed Senate Bill 11,which permits individuals with a concealed handgun license to legally carry in college campuses.This is an example of ______ law.
A) statutory
B) case
C) administrative
D) constitutional
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Defining and Measuring Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ______ began in 1976 and included 1725 youth between the ages of 11 and 17 years (and a parent)who were selected randomly from across the United States.
A) YRBS
B) NYSFS
C) MFS
D) ABS
Answer: B
Q2) A crime rate is calculated by taking number of people in the population and dividing it by the number of crimes.Then,take this answer and multiply it by 100,000.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The hierarchy rule,which is a weakness of UCR data,refers to cases where only the most serious crime is reported when multiple crimes are committed during a single criminal event.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Explanations of Criminal Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Biological explanations for criminality are examples of ______________ theories.
A) macro
B) micro
C) causation
D) correlation
Q2) Macro theories of crime focus on individual differences between law-abiding and law-violating behaviors while micro theories of crime explore the large-scale social explanations for crime.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Exploring how poverty causes crime is an example of ________ theories.
A) macro
B) micro
C) causation
D) correlation
Q4) A ________ frames a question that a research is looking to answer.
A) research question
B) hypothesis
C) theory
D) correlation
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Victims and the Criminal Justice System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following was not a result of one of the recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime?
A) Victim and Witness Protection Act
B) Victims of Crime Act (VOCA)
C) Crime Victims Fund
D) All of these choices resulted from recommendations of the Presidential Task Force on Victims of Crime
Q2) This is the study of people who have been injured or harmed by another?
A) Criminology
B) Victimology
C) Penology
D) Positivism
Q3) A vulnerable individual who is easily exploited and typically has and IQ lower than average is a(n):
A) dull normals.
B) wanton.
C) acquisitive.
D) mentally defective.
Q4) Why do some victims not report the crime to the police?
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Chapter 6: Criminal Justice Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) This program fidelity factor involves determining whether lecture,discussion,or active learning should be used.
A) Dosage
B) Setting
C) Material
D) Delivery
Q2) Explain the common viewpoints of conservatives in criminal justice policy.
Q3) Policy development occurs in six stages.Which of the following is the correct order of these stages?
A) Policy demands, problem identification, agenda formation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation
B) Problem identification, policy demands, agenda formation, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation
C) Policy demands, agenda formation, problem identification, policy adoption, policy implementation, and policy evaluation
D) Problem identification, policy demands, agenda formation, policy implementation, policy adoption, and policy evaluation
Q4) What role does the public play in policy creation?
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Chapter 7: Policing Organizations and Practices
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe predictive policing.
Q2) What were the major findings of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment?
Q3) Cross-deputization refers to the practice whereby local law enforcement officers are given the power to enforce local laws.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Today,the largest state agency is:
A) New York State Police.
B) North Dakota.
C) California State Patrol.
D) Nevada Highway Patrol.
Q5) List and describe the three eras of policing.
Q6) Who was the first African-American appointed to Chief of Police in 1992?
A) Samuel Battle
B) Robert W. Stewart
C) Wiley G. Overton
D) Willie L. Williams
Q7) Discuss the history of women in policing
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Q8) What are some of the positive traits policewomen are noted for bringing to the profession?
Chapter 8: Issues in Policing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hispanic Drivers were more likely that White or Black drivers to be ticketed.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the benefit of requiring police to use body worn cameras?
A) Instruction and training
B) Preventing police misconduct
C) Protect officers from false claims of misuse of power
D) All of these
Q3) In Tennessee v.Garner the U.S.Supreme Court held that deadly force may be used to prevent an escape of a known offender if the officer's life,or the lives of others around them,are at imminent risk.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the difference between physical force and impact force? Provide one example of each.
Q5) The poison tree theory suggests that the corruption of a select few individuals can in turn shed a negative light on a department.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Courts and Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) A criminal case begins in a court of ________ or a trial court,where a case is heard for the first time.
A) limited jurisdiction
B) subject-matter jurisdiction
C) general jurisdiction
D) original jurisdiction
Q2) This term refers to those cases in which a court may exercise lawful authority.
A) District
B) Circuit
C) Venue
D) Jurisdiction
Q3) Select two court actors,and describe their role in the courtroom.
Q4) Which of the following is not an ancillary member of the court?
A) Bailiff
B) The clerk of the court
C) Court reporter
D) All of these are ancillary members
Q5) What is the primary difference between a grand jury and a trial jury?
Q6) What process must a case go through in order to reach the U.S.Supreme Court?
Q7) Describe the state court structure.
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Chapter 10: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mandatory sentences have effectively eliminated judicial discretion from the criminal justice system.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The primary method of execution used today is _________.
A) hanging
B) lethal gas
C) lethal injection
D) electrocution
Q3) Which sentencing philosophy should the criminal justice system focus on? Why?
Q4) If the individual decides that the threat of punishment (such as a prison sentence)is undesirable,then __________ suggests that that particular individual will make the decision not to engage in the criminal behavior.
A) general deterrence
B) specific deterrence
C) individual deterrence
D) retributive deterrence
Q5) Explain the sentencing philosophy of incapacitation.Provide one example to illustrate this philosophy.
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Chapter 11: Prisons and Jails
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Sample Questions
Q1) List and explain the four uses of segregation.
Q2) For correctional officers,there is a high degree of bureaucracy within the prison walls,which can contribute to feelings of job dissatisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first penal institution to use individual cells and work details for inmates opened in _____ in 1776.
A) New York City
B) Los Angeles
C) Chicago
D) Philadelphia
Q4) Most prison inmates are housed in federal prisons.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Should supermax prisons be used more frequently? Defend your answer.
Q6) What are the characteristics of the Pennsylvania System?
Q7) What is racial disproportionality and how does it affect the correctional system?
Q8) Explain the significance of Cooper v.Pate (1964).
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Chapter 12: Community Corrections
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Sample Questions
Q1) Upon release from prison,Tim was sent to a place designed to provide a transitional living arrangement for ex-offenders upon their release from jail or prison.This means Tim is in a day reporting center.
A)True
B)False
Q2) __________ is also referred to as community control probation.
A) Intensive probation
B) Supervised probation
C) Shock probation
D) Unsupervised probation
Q3) _________ occurs when an offender is either denied bail or is financially unable to make bail and must remain in custody until their case is resolved or their status changes with the court.
A) Pretrial detention
B) Release On Own Recognizance
C) Pretrial Release
D) Diversion
Q4) What is the major benefit of a diversionary program for the offender?
Q5) What are the qualifications needed to serve on a parole board?
Q6) What is bail? Do you have a constitutional right to bail? Explain.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define and provide one example of a status offense.
Q2) Note and describe the two different types of cases that juvenile courts hear.Provide an example of each.
Q3) Compare and contrast the juvenile justice system and the adult criminal justice system.
Q4) _________ cases involve youth who have been harmed or neglected by their parents.
A) Delinquent act
B) Status offense
C) Crime
D) Dependency
Q5) In the case of McKeiver v.Pennsylvania,the Supreme Court ruled that juveniles have a right to a trial by jury.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The first juvenile court was established in New York in 1899.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Explain the background and significance of In re Gualt (1967).
Q8) Explain the background and significance of In re Winship (1970).
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Chapter 14: Emerging Issues for the 21st Century
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Sample Questions
Q1) The acts of Ted Kaczynski (aka The Unabomber)is one example of _________.
A) international terrorism
B) domestic terrorism
C) state-sponsored terrorism
D) cyberterrorism
Q2) What is transnational crime? What acts are considered transnational crime?
Q3) Which state has the largest number of unauthorized immigrants?
A) California
B) Texas
C) Florida
D) New York
Q4) What makes terrorism different from other crimes is that it is often linked to a political agenda.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss domestic and international terrorism.Which is the United States more impacted by? Explain.
Q6) What agencies deal with immigration,and what are their key tasks?
Q7) Define terrorism,and describe the different forms of it.
Q8) What is homeland security? What are the major functions?
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