Foundations of Criminal Justice Test Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Criminal Justice offers an in-depth exploration of the origins, structures, and functions of the criminal justice system. This course examines the historical development of law enforcement, courts, and corrections, while introducing key concepts, terminology, and theoretical perspectives. Students will analyze the roles and interactions between police, legal professionals, and correctional institutions, as well as consider contemporary issues such as crime trends, due process, and the balance between public safety and civil liberties. The course lays the groundwork for future study and critical analysis of policies and practices shaping criminal justice today.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Criminal Justice 10th Edition by Larry J. Siegel
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14 Chapters
1401 Verified Questions
1401 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminal Justice
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/35801
Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ is comprised of the prosecutor, defense attorney, judge, and other court personnel who function to streamline the process of justice.
Answer: courtroom work group
Q2) _________ ______ is management of an individual's behavior by social and institutional forces in society.
Answer: Social control
Q3) Less serious felonies make up the bottom layer (Level 4) of the criminal justice system wedding cake.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) This justice perspective advocates standardization of rules and regulations within the criminal justice system.
A)Nonintervention
B)Due process
C)Equal justice
D)Rehabilitation
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature of Crime and Victimization
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the trends in violent crime in the United States.
Answer: There has been a gradual increase in the violent crime rate from 1830 to 1860. After the Civil War, this rate increased significantly for about 15 years. Until World War I, there was a decrease. After a period of readjustment, the crime rate steadily declined until the Depression, when another crime wave was recorded. There was a decrease from the 1930s to the 1960s in homicide, then there began a sharp increase that continued through the 1980s. Crime peaked in 1991, and has been declining ever since.
Q2) About two-thirds of Americans believe crime is increasing, despite the fact that crime has been decreasing for 20 years.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Crime rates are highest in the fall months. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) ________________theory assumes that people are born good and learn to be bad.
Answer: Social learning
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Chapter 3: Criminal Law: Substance and Procedure
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is false regarding a defense of self-defense
A)The defendant must have acted under a reasonable belief that he or she was in danger of any type of harm.
B)The defendant must have acted under a reasonable belief that he or she was in danger of death or great harm.
C)The defendant must have believed that he or she had no means of escape from the assailant.
D)The person defending himself or herself may only use such force as is reasonably necessary to prevent personal harm.
Answer: A
Q2) The right to be informed of the nature of the charges against you and the right to confront any prosecution witnesses is guaranteed by the ____________________ Amendment.
Answer: Sixth (6th)
Sixth 6th
Q3) The Durham Rule is associated with the ____________________ defense.
Answer: insanity
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Police in Society: History and Organization
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a branch of the DHS
A)Secret Service
B)FBI
C)USMS
D)ATF
Q2) Most early police reform efforts failed because they were initiated by persons outside of the law enforcement community.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What era was deemed one of reform, where police should be evaluated on their courteousness and helpfulness, not for their crime-fighting abilities
A)1960s
B)1970s
C)1980s
D)1990s
Q4) Police unions really began to expand in the 1960s and continued to have a great impact on departmental administration in the 1980s.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: The Police: Role and Function
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most municipal police departments in the United States are linked to state police agencies and their administrative authority.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which duty would Gary perform in civil justice more often than what he does as a criminal forensic scientist
A)Handwriting analysis
B)Toxicology
C)Trace evidence
D)Study law enforcement tactics
Q3) More than half the contacts the average police officer makes with citizens are for traffic-related matters.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n) ____________________ is an operation designed to encourage and observe criminal behavior so the officers can make an arrest.
Q5) How effective has community policing been in reducing crime and improving community-law enforcement relations
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Chapter 6: Issues in Policing: Professional, Social, and Legal
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The court created a reasonableness standard for the use of force in the case of
Q2) Identify and describe the factors that have been related to police shootings.
Q3) What term is used to describe the phenomena where black officers must deal with the expectation that they will give members of their own race a break, while at the same time they experience overt racism from their police colleagues
A)The black curtain
B)Double marginality
C)Inherent role conflict
D)Toxic race relations
Q4) _________________ accept payoffs when their everyday duties place them in a position to "look the other way."
Q5) An individual's demeanor is a situational factor that an officer considers when deciding whether or not to arrest.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The belief that most people's actions are motivated solely by personal needs and selfishness is referred to as _______.
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Chapter 7: Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the rationale behind specialty courts and how such courts fit into the larger structure of the state court system.
Q2) There are specialized state courts for gangs, domestic violence, guns, sex offenders, and the homeless.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A.J. has just been arrested for destruction of property, and a municipal ordinance violation. He pleads with the patrolman and tries to tell him that he was just attempting to clean up the neighborhood. If his case was tried, where would it be found
A)Civil court of general jurisdiction
B)State court of general jurisdiction
C)State court of limited jurisdiction
D)Civil court of limited jurisdiction
Q4) In Gideon v. Wainwright, the court took the first major step on the issue of right to counsel.
A)True
B)False
Q5) No-drop prosecution policies are also called__________________ prosecution.
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Chapter 8: Pretrial and Trial Procedures
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diversion programs allow a defendant to enter treatment instead of trial.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bail can be used to punish an accused, and can be denied or revoked at the indulgence of the court.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When Dwayne borrows $15,000, he gets a visit from the Internal Affairs Board (IAB). Apparently, the IAB had already convened a grand jury to investigate him for using his city budget to take his girlfriend out to eat at expensive restaurants. What is next for Dwayne
A)He will be arrested.
B)He will be charged.
C)He will be indicted by a grand jury.
D)A presentment is issued.
Q4) Most states impose qualifications, such as a high school education, on those called for jury service.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain three legal issues in plea bargaining.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Punishment and Sentencing
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Just Desert" means that the offender should pay back the victim or their family for the pain that they have caused.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The determinate sentence is still the most widely used type of sentence in the United States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________ are a set of standards that define parameters for trial judges to follow in setting sentences.
Q4) Reducing recidivism is a primary goal of a specific deterrence model.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The future of structured sentencing guidelines is unclear because they may violate a defendant's Sixth Amendment rights.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Prison sentences served simultaneously and run together are ______ sentences.
Q7) Compare and contrast the sentencing models of indeterminate and determinate.
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Chapter 10: Community Sentences: Probation, Intermediate
Sanctions, and Restorative Justice
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual who has committed a serious offense, or who has a prior felony conviction, is never awarded probation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Even though she is going to get help, Jamie feels like her sentence is a waste of time. Her probation officer asks a lot of questions when they meet. He asks questions about her family, her living situation, her relationships with others, and of course her triggers for using drugs. What is he doing
A)Post-sentence report
B)Risk classification
C)Intake
D)Motivational interviewing
Q3) Which of the following is not a form of intermediate sanction
A)Intensive probation supervision
B)House arrest
C)Residential community corrections (RCC)
D)Sentencing circles
Q4) In _______________ (1984), the court ruled that the probation officer-client relationship is not confidential.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Corrections: History, Institutions, and Populations
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Supporters of the Pennsylvania system believed that the penitentiary was truly a place to experience penitence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) New-generation jails allow for _________________observation of residents.
Q3) Incarceration of felony offenders for terms of one year or more occurs in a _____.
Q4) Shock incarceration occurs in prison farms.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Elaborate on the history and origins of corrections in the United States, including a discussion of the Pennsylvania and Auburn systems.
Q6) In the 1500s in Brideswell, a workhouse was built to hold those convicted of minor offenses, who would work to pay off their debt; serious offenders were held there until their execution.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The penitentiary house was a central feature in the early ____________________ prison system.
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Chapter 12: Prison Life: Living in and Leaving Prison
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ben has a beef with one of the other inmates. He hasn't paid his gambling debt and keeps betting on other games. Ben is growing tired of dealing with the inmate but he is trying not to lose his head. Why won't he go ahead and get his money at any cost
A)Ben is not a violent criminal.
B)Ben is a low man in the prison hierarchy.
C)There is an inmate social code.
D)The importation model.
Q2) What type of treatment program flourished under the Bush administration
A)Behavior modification
B)Milieu therapy
C)Therapeutic community
D)Faith-based rehabilitation
Q3) Discuss the principles of the hands-off doctrine and how it shaped prisoners' rights prior to 1960.
Q4) Donald Clemmer's most important contribution to the world of corrections is his identification of the __________________ process.
Q5) "Be sharp and don't be a sucker" is one element of the inmate social code.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Juvenile Justice in the Twenty First Century
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While awaiting his adjudication, Joquine goes to school and enrolls in a counseling program for anger management and peer influences. When will he learn his disposition
A)When he is indicted
B)After adjudication in a separate hearing
C)After intake during the bail hearing
D)At the adjudication hearing
Q2) Juvenile custody rates are ____ times greater for African-American youths than for white youths.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
Q3) Most incarcerated youths commit person, __________, or __________ offenses.
Q4) Deinstitutionalization efforts are principally focused on _____ offenses.
A)drug
B)property
C)delinquency
D)status
Q5) Discuss the shifts in US juvenile justice philosophy that began in the 1960s.
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Chapter 14: Criminal Justice in the New Millennium
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once subprime loans have been issued, the vendors typically bundle them into large pools and sell them as securities in a process known as _____________.
Q2) Federal legislation that enables prosecutors to bring additional criminal or civil charges against people engaged in two or more acts prohibited by 24 existing federal and 8 state laws is termed _____.
A) the enhancement penalty
B) RICO
C) the Travel Act
D) the Federation
Q3) Efforts to control transnational organized crime are typically handled by local and state agencies working together.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to the United States Criminal Code, a first-time illegal copyright offender will be fined $250,000, and a second-time offender will be incarcerated for 15 years.
A)True
B)False
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