Foundations of Criminal Justice Final Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Criminal Justice provides an overview of the structure, functions, and processes of the criminal justice system, including law enforcement, courts, and corrections. The course explores the historical development of criminal justice in society, key legal principles, and the roles of various justice agencies. Students will examine the relationship between criminal justice practices and broader social, political, and ethical issues, while developing an understanding of contemporary challenges and debates within the field. This foundational course lays the groundwork for advanced study and careers in criminal justice and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Criminal Justice in Canada 7th Edition by Colin Goff
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13 Chapters
1952 Verified Questions
1952 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: An Overview of the Criminal Justice System in Canada
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which model states that all citizens are equal before the law and are to be protected from arbitrary decisions by individuals working in the criminal justice system?
A)justice model
B)criminal justice model
C)fairness model
D)punishment model
Answer: A
Q2) A member of parliament discovers that his relative has broken the law.He approaches his longtime friend,Justice Bloom,in the hope he will get his relative's charges dropped.He expresses to the justice that their friendship should help with an exemption from the law for his relative.Justice Bloom explains there are no exemptions from the law regardless of who you are.Which element of the rule of law does this example demonstrate?
A)foundation of law
B)character of law
C)institution of law
D)scope of law
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Criminal Law and Criminal Justice in Canada
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145 Verified Questions
145 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a procedural right NOT specifically guaranteed by ss.8 through 14 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)the right not to be subjected to cruel and unusual punishment or treatment
B)the right to be free from arbitrary detention or imprisonment
C)the right to silence
D)the right to a lawyer
Answer: C
Q2) If a sexual assault case proceeds by way of summary conviction,what is the maximum punishment upon conviction?
A)6 months' incarceration
B)12 months' incarceration
C)18 months' incarceration
D)24 months' incarceration
Answer: C
Q3) Actus reus refers to the failure to do something.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Control Philosophy and Criminal Justice Policy
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Christy is a Crown prosecutor who wants to designate someone as a dangerous offender.What type of offence must the offender have committed for her application to be successful?
A)a serious primary violent crime
B)a serious personal injury offence
C)a compulsory indictable offence
D)a restricted personal violent crime offence
Answer: B
Q2) Patricia and Anne are on patrol in a criminal justice system based on selective incapacitation.Which offenders will they arrest and place in pretrial custody?
A)chronic offenders
B)violent offenders
C)young offenders
D)property offenders
Answer: A
Q3) The criminal act itself is the focus for the rehabilitation model.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Crime Rates, Crime Trends, and Criminal
Victimization in Canada
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of criminal incidents can influence the police clearance rate of crimes?
A)the number of minor incidents
B)the age of the accused
C)the age of the victim
D)the accused's record of substance abuse
Q2) You return to your car on campus and discover that someone has keyed your side door.From the victimization reports,which of the following represents what you would likely do next?
A)report the incident to campus security
B)report the incident to the police
C)drive away swearing but not report it to anyone
D)attempt to find the person who did it
Q3) According to the 2009 General Social Survey,most Canadians held a very high rate of satisfaction about their personal safety.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Canada experienced its highest homicide rate in 2014 since 1966.
A)True
B)False
6
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Chapter 5: The Context of Policing
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The change from hiring only men in policing was due to the key factor of employment equity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Both the crime rate and the number of police officers per 100,000 population have increased in Canada in the last year.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Who replaced the shire-reeves?
A)pledges
B)watchmen
C)justices of the peace
D)constables
Q4) According to Balkin,male police officers perceive women police officers as lacking physical and emotional strength to perform well in violent confrontations.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What type of organization do most police forces ascribe to? Explain the characteristics of this model.
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Chapter 6: The Practice of Policing
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150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Racial profiling involves the police moving from "case probability" to "class probability."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Predictive policing focuses specifically upon reactive policing and repeat offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) You wake up to discover that during the night someone broke into your car and stole your stereo.Although it is not an emergency you call the police,and they advise you to file a report at the local police station.This is an example of which type of policing?
A)management of demand
B)emergency management
C)non-emergency management
D)call of management
Q4) Two measurements of police efficiency are response times and arrest rates. A)True
B)False
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8
Chapter 7: The Police and the Law
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The right to a lawyer is a continuing right in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q2) While conducting a trial,the judge addresses the jury to explain that the evidence they are about to hear is subject to special scrutiny as directed by the Supreme Court of Canada.Which warning is this scenario an example of?
A)Vetrovec warning
B)Viceroy warning
C)Vellenchuck warning
D)Vain warning
Q3) What can be the outcome of a successful civil liability case in the area of police misconduct?
A)the police service itself can be sued
B)police administrators can be sued for any actions of the officers under their command
C)individual police officers cannot be held liable for their misconduct and incarcerated
D)it is impossible for citizens to bring lawsuits against individual police officers
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Chapter 8: Pretrial Criminal Procedure
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are preliminary hearings for both summary and indictable offences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Crown prosecutors almost always have to show cause as to why a suspect should be held in custody awaiting his/her trial.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In what case did the Supreme Court of Canada rule that a detained person has a reasonable opportunity to exercise the right to obtain and instruct counsel?
A)R.v.D.(F. )
B)R.v.L.(W.K. )
C)R.v.Brydges
D)R.v.Collins
Q4) "Lodging a complaint" is when police arrest an individual without a warrant and take the individual to the police station to record the criminal charges and obtain other information.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the history,role,and importance of disclosure.
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Chapter 9: The Courts and Criminal Trial Procedure
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139 Verified Questions
139 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following represents a component of the bureaucratic function model regarding the adversarial nature of the courts?
A)it relies upon a neutral and imported decision maker
B)it is based on deterrence through lengthy punishments
C)it is between the accused and the accuser
D)it is between the ideal of justice and the realities of the bureaucracy
Q2) The majority of cases heard at the Supreme Court of Canada are by way of "as of right" appeals.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What model of the function of the courts emphasizes the adversarial nature of the courts?
A)the due process model
B)the bureaucratic model
C)the crime control model
D)the justice model
Q4) What are the criteria necessary to prove malicious prosecution? What was the outcome of the Nelles case? How would the results of the Nelles case differ if it was heard today?
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Chapter 10: Sentences and Dispositions
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158 Verified Questions
158 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2011-12,what percentage of cases completed in the adult courts were Criminal Code offences?
A)75 percent
B)83 percent
C)87 percent
D)92 percent
Q2) According to Visher,what occurred in the rate of offences after there was a doubling of the prison population in the United States?
A)it remained almost the same
B)a 2 to 4 percent reduction
C)a 6 to 9 percent reduction
D)a 12 to 15 percent reduction
Q3) According to Quigley,sentencing circles differ on the basis of the substance of sentencing as opposed to a variation in procedure.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Healing for many Aboriginal people is the objective of justice.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Offenders Supervised in the Community
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of punishment,sentencing judges have situated conditional sentences between incarceration and probation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A fine alone can be imposed for offences that have a maximum penalty of more than five years.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of problem-solving courts?
A)individualized justice
B)less treatment
C)offender accountability
D)support by participants of procedural justice
Q4) Applicants applying for day parole have a much higher success rate than full parole.
A)True B)False
Q5) The use of fines as a sentence has gradually increased in Canada since 1996-97. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Corrections in Canada
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The federal prison for women built in Kingston,Ontario,was designated as a maximum-security facility.
A)True
B)False
Q2) There are currently more federal correctional facilities in Canada than provincial/territorial facilities.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What was the total percentage of male and female inmates serving a custodial sentence in a maximum-security facility in 2013?
A)15.1 percent
B)22.5 percent
C)29.8 percent
D)33.3 percent
Q4) How many regional mental health units are there across Canada?
A)3
B)4
C)5
D)6
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Chapter 13: Community Reintegration
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the new provisions and changes to record suspensions.
Q2) The majority of offenders returned to a federal institution for violating the terms of their conditional release do so within the first 12 months of their release.
A)True
B)False
Q3) During which component of the Integrated Correctional Program Model would an offender discover how to apply the skills they have learned in the program to real-life situations?
A)the introductory phase
B)the motivational phase
C)the community program
D)the maintenance component
Q4) Offenders released on full parole were readmitted at a higher rate than those offenders placed in mandatory supervision.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss the use of community correctional centres.For example,who is using them and where are they primarily located?
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