Foundations of Criminal Justice Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Criminal Justice introduces students to the fundamental principles, processes, and institutions that shape the criminal justice system. This course examines the historical and theoretical underpinnings of criminal justice, exploring the roles of law enforcement, courts, and corrections. Students will learn about key legal concepts, the rights of individuals, the nature of crime, and the societal response to criminal behavior. Emphasis is placed on understanding the balance between maintaining public safety and protecting individual liberties within a framework of ethics and justice.
Recommended Textbook
Texas Criminal Law Principles and Practices 2nd Edition by Jerry L. Dowling
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16 Chapters
1169 Verified Questions
1169 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Foundations of Criminal Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a stated purpose of the Texas Penal Code? Select the exception.
A)insuring public safety by the rehabilitation of criminal offenders
B)insuring public safety by incarcerating violent offenders
C)insuring public safety by deterring criminal conduct
D)safeguarding conduct that is without guilt from condemnation as criminal
Answer: B
Q2) Texas was an early participant in the 19?? century ___________ movement to clearly spell out in written form the definition of criminal offenses.
Answer: codification
Q3) If a criminal statute fails to provide the kind of notice that will enable the ordinary person to understand what the law prohibits,the statute violates the \(\text { (3 words) }\)doctrine.
Answer: void-for-vagueness
Q4) The principle of __________ means that no crime occurs without the existence of a previously enacted law.
Answer: legality
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3
Chapter 2: Elements of a Crime
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an offender is aware that her conduct is reasonably certain to cause a result,the offender has acted with the culpable mental state of:
A)intent.
B)knowledge.
C)recklessness.
D)criminal negligence.
Answer: B
Q2) Behavior may or may not constitute a crime depending solely on the location where it occurs.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The term actus reus is related to conduct as the term mens rea is related to:
A)attendant circumstances.
B)culpable mental state.
C)causation.
D)harm.
Answer: B
Q4) The Latin term actus reus refers to the __________ element of an offense.
Answer: conduct
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Chapter 3: The Criminal Law in Daily Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) Murder is a lesser included offense of manslaughter.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The Texas official responsible for the prosecution of felony cases is the:
A)state's attorney.
B)attorney general.
C)county attorney.
D)district attorney.
Answer: D
Q3) A police officer stops Ron for speeding on his motorcycle.The officer writes Ron a citation for going 45 miles per hour in a 30 miles per hour zone.Ron believes the officer made a mistake about the posted speed limit at that location; that the speed limit is actually 45 miles per hour.Ron contacts the municipal court and requests a jury trial on the matter.When Ron ultimately appears in court the prosecutor will file a(n)_____________ as the formal charging document.
Answer: information
Q4) An indictment is the formal charging document issued by a ______ jury in felony cases.
Answer: grand
5
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Chapter 4: Parties to Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Texas law abolishes the Common Law distinction between principals and accessories.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jack and his girlfriend Jill are involved in dealing illegal drugs.The police arrest both.Jill's attorney strikes a deal with the district attorney and she agrees to testify against Jack.For Jill's testimony to be admissible in court against Jack:
A)Jill must have no prior criminal convictions.
B)Jill's testimony must relate solely to drug sales within the previous six months.
C)Jill's testimony must be supplemented with other evidence against Jack.
D)Jill must agree to serve at least 30 days in jail.
Q3) Criminal responsibility for the conduct of another is known as _________ liability.
Q4) The rule against hearsay prevents one perpetrator of a crime from testifying in court against his partner.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Criminal Homicide
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under Texas law,an unborn fetus can be the victim of a criminal homicide.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In criminal homicide cases,certain elements of the offense can be proven only by circumstantial evidence.To rebut an accused's claim that his killing of the victim was accidental,the prosecution might show that the accused had a ___________ to desire the victim dead.
Q3) Rod,a 17-year-old male afflicted with mental health issues,intentionally murders a neighbor child Juliet.The crime will elevate to capital murder if Juliet were under ___ years old at the time of the murder.
Q4) If irreversible cessation of an individual's spontaneous respiratory and circulatory functions occurs,the person is said to be clinically dead.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Late one night,Johnny decides to take a shortcut home by driving the wrong way down a one-way street.As he rounds the corner,his car strikes Bart's oncoming car.Bart's car flips over,killing him.Under Texas law,Johnny's conduct constitutes the form of criminal homicide labeled ____________.
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Chapter 6: Assault and Sexual Assault
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that an assault victim received rapid medical assistance and was never in danger of permanent injury has no bearing on whether the injury is considered "serious bodily injury" within the definition in the Texas Penal Code.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Peter and Paul get into an argument.The argument escalates.Eventually,Peter says to Paul."You are nothing but a stupid nerd.I dare you to hit me.Go ahead; hit me!" At that moment,Paul punches Peter in the nose.Peter's nose begins to bleed profusely."I think you broke my nose," Peter says.Which of the following statements is correct regarding this situation?
A)Paul has committed assault with bodily injury.
B)Paul has engaged in deadly conduct.
C)Paul has committed no assault because Peter consented to being struck.
D)Peter made a terroristic threat so Paul had the right to defend himself.
Q3) Evidence corroborating an allegation of sexual assault that occurred several years earlier does NOT need to be presented at trial if the victim was ___ years of age or older at the time of the alleged attack.
Q4) __________ is always a defense to a charge of misdemeanor assault.
Q5) Penetration is a key element of ___________ assault.
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Chapter 7: Kidnapping and Related Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under Texas law,if a deadly weapon is used in the course of a kidnapping,the offense elevates to aggravated kidnapping.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Police officers interrupt Jack's effort to rob a fast food restaurant.Jack grabs a customer and uses her for a shield in an attempt to escape.In addition to the robbery offense,Jack is also committing aggravated ____________.
Q3) Is the offense of kidnapping redundant to the offense of aggravated kidnapping? In other words,are two distinct sets of behavior covered by the two offenses or does aggravated kidnapping essentially cover all such activities?
Q4) Through the use of social media on the Internet,Al lures young girls from foreign lands to immigrate to the United States with the promise of high paying jobs.Upon arrival,Al forces the young girls into a life of prostitution.Schemes such as this one are known as\(\underline{ (\text { two words })}\).
Q5) Common Law kidnapping required the element of asportation while the similar element in the Texas law of kidnapping is called _________.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Property Destruction Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) The legal term referring to the domestic buildings that surround and support a residence is:
A)cartridge.
B)curtilage.
C)cartilage.
D)corporation.
Q2) To avoid potential free speech issues,the Texas anti-graffiti law is ____(two words)_______.
Q3) An arson occurs if the owner of a dilapidated house uses fire to burn down the house and the house is located within the \(\underline{ (\text { two words })}\)of a city.
Q4) Should petty acts of vandalism constitute a Class C misdemeanor irrespective of whether they cause monetary loss or substantial inconvenience to the property owner? For example,should toilet papering a house,rearranging yard displays,writing on windows with white shoe polish,and the like be penalized or are these types of activities essentially harmless pranks not sufficiently worthy of state protection?
Q5) Create a decision tree to assist in sorting acts of arson from acts of criminal mischief.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Theft,Fraud,and Related Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dexter buys a 42-inch television set from Adam for $125.The set is still in its original packaging and retails for $650.Adam laughingly tells Dexter that the set "walked out the door and jumped into my truck" at the electronics store where he works.Dexter tells Adam,"Call me if some more walk out the store as I know some other folks that might wish to purchase a set." Dexter has committed ___________.
Q2) If Sara purposely exits a store without paying for $35 worth of cosmetics,she has violated the Texas shoplifting statute.
A)True
B)False
Q3) If Jane,angry at Brett,flushes Brett's cellphone down the toilet,Jane has committed an act of theft.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Any refusal to pay for a service after it has been provided is a violation of the theft of service statute.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Under Texas law,theft of a firearm valued at $350 is a ________ level offense.
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Chapter 10: Robbery,Burglary,and Criminal Trespass
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under the law of burglary,entry is established when the _______ of the house is broken.
Q2) Bruce enters the local bank and approaches the teller.Without saying a word he hands the teller a note.The note reads "Give me all of the hundreds." The teller responds by handing Bruce twenty $100 bills.Bruce departs without saying a word.Police respond to the silent alarm and Bruce is apprehended about an hour later.At Bruce's trial,which of the following evidence would assist in establishing that his conduct constituted a robbery?
A)Testimony that when Bruce was arrested he had a pistol in his pocket.
B)Introduction of Bruce's "rap sheet" showing he had a previous conviction for robbery.
C)The teller testifying that she was fearful that Bruce would harm her if she did not give him the money.
D)The teller testifying that Bruce was wearing a phony moustache and had a cap pulled low on his head.
Q3) If Jack threatens to beat up Jill unless she gives him $100,Jack has committed the felony offense of __________.
Q4) A robbery elevates to an aggravated robbery if the victim is ____ years of age or older.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Offenses Against Government Operations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Peter,a private security guard at the mall,apprehends Greta for shoplifting perfume in the department store.While waiting for the police to arrive,Peter asks Greta her name and address.She tells Peter the name of a classmate and gives an address that she made-up on the spot.Greta's lies constitute a violation of the failure to identify statute.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Evading arrest is a felony if the actor flees in a motor vehicle.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Evading arrest is an offense only if the peace officer who is attempting to make the arrest is wearing a police distinctive uniform.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Telling a police officer that he is a disgrace to his profession is not a crime because such comments are protected speech under the First Amendment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The crime of escape is based on an unlawful ________ from custody.
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Chapter 12: Public Disorder,Indecency,Health,and Safety Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Texas peace officer may lawfully carry a handgun whether on or off duty regardless of whether or not the officer is in her jurisdiction.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If Pat and Dakota agree to consensual sexual activity in a private place,no violation of the Texas Penal Code occurs.However,a crime does occur if:
A)either Pat or Dakota charges a fee for participating in the sexual activity.
B)Pat and Dakota are not married to each other.
C)either Pat or Dakota are married to someone else.
D)Pat and Dakota are of the same gender.
Q3) To celebrate New Year's Day,at the stroke of midnight Rafael goes outside and fires his pistol into the air four times.He has committed no crime so long as he is standing on his own property when he discharges the firearm.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The key element of the offense of gambling is whether or not the accused made a ________ on a game,contest,or the like.
Q5) Much disorderly activity becomes a crime only if it occurs in a ________.
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Chapter 13: Intoxication Offenses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sarah is driving her car in an intoxicated condition.She passes out at the wheel and the car runs into Larry's front yard.Larry is taking a nap in a hammock.He awakes suddenly as he hears the car coming through the bushes.The car strikes a large pine tree in the yard.The pine tree falls,landing on Larry and breaking his leg.What is the most serious offense Sarah has committed?
A)intoxication assault
B)driving while intoxicated
C)public intoxication
D)None of the above because she was asleep when Larry was injured.
Q2) Late one night Jose is walking back to his apartment after drinking two beers at the local cantina.Because of recent burglaries in the area,a police officer stops Jose and asks about why he is out so late.The officer smells the odor of beer on Jose's breath.To lawfully arrest Jose for violating the public intoxication law,the officer would have to reasonably believe that Jose was intoxicated and:
A)acting in a disorderly manner.
B)a threat to the well-being of others.
C)unlikely to be able to care for himself in case of an emergency.
D)may endanger himself or another.
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Chapter 14: Preparatory Offenses and Organized Criminal Activity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rachel asks her brother Carl,"Will you do something for me?" "Anything for you dear sister," Carl responds.Rachel says,"I want you to kill a co-worker of mine so I can take her job." "No way am I killing anybody!" Carl responds."In that case,I will find someone else to handle the job," says Rachel.Concerned that Rachel will indeed find someone to carry out her plan,Carl reports the conversation to the police.Rachel has committed:
A)no offense yet because no one has agreed to murder the co-worker.
B)criminal solicitation because she requested Carl commit a felony of the first degree (murder).
C)no offense because Carl rejected her request to commit a murder.
D)criminal attempt (capital murder)because she attempted to get Carl to commit a murder.
Q2) Under Texas law,a criminal conspiracy requires three or more persons to agree to commit a felony or Class A misdemeanor and at least one of them to commit an overt act in furtherance of that felony.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ________ holds that a member of a criminal conspiracy is responsible for all reasonably foreseeable crimes committed by a co-conspirator.
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Chapter 15: General Defenses and Justification
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Sample Questions
Q1) The penal code recognizes that sometimes violating the law is a more socially desirable behavior than complying with the law.The defense of necessity becomes available when the desirability and ________ of avoiding harm clearly outweighs the harm sought to be prevented by a criminal statute.
Q2) Under what circumstances may a person lawfully use deadly force to prevent the commission of crimes concerning his property?
Q3) Under Texas law,a 15-year-old can be prosecuted in the adult justice system without first processing through the juvenile justice system if the offense charged is a ________ offense.
Q4) When an accused seeks to be found not guilty due to a legal excuse,he is required to bring forth evidence of that excuse.When the law requires that the accused establish the defense by the preponderance of the evidence,this is known as an ________ defense.
Q5) The Texas statutory definition of the term "deadly force" covers any force capable of causing death or serious bodily injury.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Should degrees of deadly force be established?
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Federal Criminal Law
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Sample Questions
Q1) One federal anti-terrorism law declares it a criminal offense to provide ________ to terrorists.
Q2) Acts of international terrorism may violate federal criminal law but are unlikely to violate Texas criminal law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a violation of federal anti-terrorism law?
A)providing material support to terrorists
B)being related to a terrorist by blood or marriage
C)traveling to a country controlled by terrorists
D)being sympathetic to one or more goals of a terrorist organization
Q4) Acts of terrorism can violate both federal criminal law and the Texas Penal Code. A)True
B)False
Q5) Congressional authority to create federal criminal law derives from Article ________ Section ________ of the U.S.Constitution.
Q6) The constitutional basis for federal drug laws is the ________ clause of the U.S.Constitution.
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