Foundations of Clinical Psychology Test Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Clinical Psychology offers an introduction to the history, theories, and fundamental practices that define the field of clinical psychology. The course covers major psychological disorders, approaches to assessment and diagnosis, and evidence-based interventions. Students explore the ethical, cultural, and legal issues relevant to clinical practice and gain an understanding of the role clinical psychologists play in mental health care. Emphasis is placed on the scientific foundations of clinical psychology, including research methods and critical evaluation of psychological literature.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 3rd Canadian Edition by John Hunsley
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Projective tests rely on _______ while the MMPI relies on __________
A)clinical judgement; clinical judgement and statistical analysis.
B)clinical judgement and statistical analysis; clinical judgement.
C)the judgement of psychiatrists; the judgement of psychologists.
D)the judgement of psychologists; the judgement of psychiatrists.
Answer: A
Q2) Who was the first person to be credited for using the term "clinical psychology?"
A)Sigmund Freud
B)Hans Eysenck
C)Lightner Witmer
D)Wilhelm Wundt
Answer: C
Q3) Service evaluation refers to the evaluation of
A)the utility of various assessment tools.
B)assessment tools to ensure that they are valid and reliable.
C)the effectiveness of clinical services.
D)psychologists' abilities.
Answer: C
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3
Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) To become licensed as a clinical psychologist in Canada,you need a
A)graduate degree in psychology.
B)graduate degree in an accredited clinical psychology training program.
C)graduate degree in the social science field.
D)graduate degree in any field related to health or mental health.
Answer: A
Q2) _______ prevention involves reducing overall disability from a mental disorder,_______ involves prevention of disorder before it starts,whereas _______ is designed to reduce the recurrence of a disorder that has already emerged.
A)primary; secondary; tertiary
B)tertiary; secondary; primary
C)secondary; tertiary; primary
D)tertiary; primary; secondary
Answer: D
Q3) A needs assessment functions to
A)determine the extent of training required for new employee psychologists.
B)determine the extent of an unmet health care need in an identified population.
C)determine whether programs have successfully achieved their goals.
D)to assess the extent to which the program was carried out as intended.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research has categorized children's difficulties into two broad dimensions of problems: internalizing and externalizing.Internalizing problems refer to A)yelling and destroying things.
B)sadness and withdrawn behaviour.
C)behaviour that occurs when the person is in a social setting.
D)attributing blame one's problem behaviour to oneself.
Answer: B
Q2) Classification __________ refers to the usefulness of a classification scheme. A)utility
B)reliability
C)validity
D)applicability
Answer: A
Q3) A DSM diagnosis with questionable validity is: A)Schizophrenia.
B)Bipolar disorder.
C)Acute stress disorder.
D)Selective mutism.
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Correlational designs can ___________ determine causality.
A)never
B)sometimes
C)often
D)always
Q2) A logical error assuming that the most valid conclusion to reach is a compromise between two competing positions is a common error in thinking referred to as:
A)false dilemma.
B)faulty reasoning.
C)golden mean fallacy.
D)straw person argument.
Q3) Which of the following is a common threat to the internal validity of a study?
A)Reactivity of assessment.
B)Timing of measurement.
C)Sample characteristics.
D)Statistical regression.
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Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) What of the following is the BEST example of a psychological assessment as a stand-alone service?
A)An intervention-focused evaluation.
B)A child custody evaluation.
C)A pre-treatment evaluation.
D)A treatment monitoring evaluation.
Q2) The minimum requirement for internal consistency reliability suggested by many psychologists is _____ in a clinical context.For research purposes,values greater than _____ are generally seen as sufficient.
A).90 ; .70
B).70 ; .90
C).30 ; .60
D).60 ; .30
Q3) When an event occurs that was not predicted,it is referred to as a
A)false positive.
B)false negative.
C)true positive.
D)true negative.
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7
Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which objectives)apply to both a clinical assessment interview and a psychotherapeutic interview?
A)To establish rapport,gather information,and assess the interviewee's verbal and non-verbal communication.
B)To foster behavioural,cognitive,and affective change.
C)To facilitate attainment of therapeutic goals,and to limit contact to the time required to achieve these goals.
D)To cover specific content areas
E)g.,mental status evaluation).
Q2) Self-monitoring strategies can provide information on
A)the baseline rate of a problem or behaviour.
B)conditions that may provoke or maintain problem behaviour.
C)behaviour that the psychologist cannot observe in session.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Which of the following has have)been used to help with interviewing children?
A)Visual analogue such as a feelings thermometer.
B)Puppets.
C)Cartoons.
D)All of the above.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Q1) Which methods)is/are used by psychologists to help estimate premorbid IQ?
A)Consulting a client's achievement records.
B)Testing with measures of ability that are less sensitive to decline.
C)Examining subtests that are least affected by neurological impairment.
D)All of the above.
Q2) If Andrea's chronological age is 25 and the average age of those receiving the same test score as she did is 25 years,what is Andrea's IQ?
A)75.
B)100.
C)110.
D)120.
Q3) The Kaufman tests of intellectual ability focus more on
A)specific content areas that measure intellectual functioning.
B)general content areas that measure intellectual functioning.
C)process-based styles of learning.
D)none of the above.
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9
Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Sample Questions
Q1) The NEO Personality Inventory-3 is based on what model of personality?
A)Cognitive-social
B)Five-factor
C)Personality type categories
D)Triarchic theory of personality
Q2) Research comparing the susceptibility of projective tests and self-reports of personality to faking responses
A)is inconclusive.
B)indicates that projective tests are consistently more easily faked than are self-report measures.
C)indicates that self-report measures are consistently more easily faked than are projective tests.
D)suggests that the ambiguous nature of projective tests makes it difficult for clients to exaggerate or minimize psychological problems.
Q3) Research indicates that the Rorschach Inkblot test is likely to
A)underpathologize patients.
B)overpathologize patients.
C)be very accurate at detecting mood and anxiety problems.
D)be valid for use with children and youth.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical
Decision-Making
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Sample Questions
Q1) The premise of a case conceptualization is most closely tied to the A)clinician's theoretical perspective.
B)personality of the client.
C)results of the assessment measures.
D)all of the above.
Q2) Changes in ethical codes and legislation since the 1970s have ______________ for clients to receive feedback regarding their assessment.
A)made it more difficult.
B)made it easier.
C)not influenced how difficult it is.
D)none of the above.
Q3) Research consistently shows that agreement on the _______ by the client and therapist is the core of an effective therapeutic alliance.
A)diagnosis
B)goals of treatment
C)cause of mental health issues
D)potential barriers to treatment
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Prevention
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Sample Questions
Q1) The World Economic Forum reported that in 2010,the global cost of mental disorders were
A)impossible to estimate.
B)equal to the GDP of some countries.
C)highest in developing countries.
D)approximately $2.5 trillion.
Q2) What type of preventive intervention targets people who do not necessarily meet the criteria for a disorder,but have elevated risk or show subclinical signs of the disorder?
A)Specialized
B)Selective
C)Pre-emptive
D)Indicated
Q3) Health promotion refers to programs that are designed to increase
A)an individual's awareness of factors that contribute to his/her physical health problems.
B)the integration of community-wide health-provider services.
C)activities that are beneficial to many aspects of physical health.
D)the impact of school-based education programs centring on health.
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12
Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Therapeutic activities involved in Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Depression include
A)dealing with grief.
B)examining role disputes.
C)assisting in role transitions.
D)all of the above
Q2) The unconscious application of expectations and emotional experiences,based on important early relationships,to subsequent interpersonal relationships is known as:
A)process-experience.
B)introspection.
C)transference.
D)counter-transference.
Q3) The use of information technology and telecommunications to provide health care services from a distance is known as A)Telehealth.
B)Computer-mediated Psychotherapy.
C)Healthcom.
D)Tech-health.
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13
Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to integrate the results from multiple studies meta-analyses involve the calculation of:
A)standard differences.
B)levels of significance.
C)effect sizes.
D)the influence of outliers.
Q2) Mary Smith and Gene Glass are the authors of the first:
A)meta-analysis of the adult psychotherapy literature.
B)scientific article to strongly support the use of psychotherapy.
C)article advocating for evidence-based psychotherapy.
D)article to provide empirical support for psychoanalysis.
Q3) The Canadian Psychological Association task force on evidence-based psychological services recommended that psychologists give the strongest weight to:
A)syntheses of studies that balance internal and external validity.
B)expert consensus.
C)prior experience in treating a problem.
D)primary research that is high in internal and external validity.
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14
Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a child does not have access to reinforcers for a brief time following misbehaviour,this period is referred to as
A)time penalty.
B)quiet time.
C)time out.
D)negative reinforcement.
Q2) Billy's parents are convinced that the treatment he is receiving from his psychologist is extremely useful.This is an example of a strong
A)parent-therapist alliance.
B)parent-youth alliance.
C)youth-therapist alliance.
D)family-therapist alliance.
Q3) The main differences between treating adolescent and adult depression are in
A)adapting the material to make it more engaging for young people.
B)encouraging youth attendance,and in developing modules that include parents.
C)adapting the material to make it more engaging for young people,and in encouraging parental attendance.
D)that IPT is more effective for adolescents,and in developing modules that include parents.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychological ___________ is the tendency to react against attempts to directly influence one's behaviour.
A)recoiling
B)reconsideration
C)oppositional defiance
D)reactance
Q2) Among the empirically based principles of therapeutic change,greater pre-treatment impairment is an)
A)client variable hypothesized to reduce likelihood of benefitting from therapy.
B)client variable hypothesized to increase likelihood of benefitting from therapy.
C)intervention target hypothesized to lead to therapeutic change.
D)client variable that does not systematically impact degree of change.
Q3) According to the APA Psychotherapy division task force,________ is a demonstrably effective element of the therapeutic relationship.
A)the number of sessions.
B)years of training.
C)empathy.
D)gender of the client.
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a neuropsychological assessment aimed at providing information for treatment planning and rehabilitation,a relevant question could include:
A)Is there evidence of brain dysfunction that could be related to the person committing a violent act?
B)What kind of special learning aids will this child with a learning disability require?
C)To what extent will this child's acquisition of language be affected by her head injury?
D)Does this child show signs of having been exposed to a toxic substance?
Q2) Which of the following factors influence the experience of chronic pain?
A)Attributing it to a traumatic injury.
B)Being fearful of causing further pain by engaging in activity.
C)Feeling unable to control their pain.
D)All of the above.
Q3) Behavioural strategies to treat insomnia include
A)getting out of bed when unable to sleep and returning only when sleepy.
B)avoiding caffeine in the evening.
C)changing dysfunctional beliefs about sleep.
D)avoiding exercise late in the evening.
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Page 17