Foundations of Clinical Practice Question Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Clinical Practice introduces students to the essential concepts, skills, and attitudes required for effective patient care in a clinical environment. The course emphasizes the development of communication skills, medical history taking, clinical reasoning, and physical examination techniques. Students learn about professional ethics, patient safety, and interprofessional collaboration while gaining hands-on experience through simulations and supervised patient interactions. By integrating biomedical knowledge with clinical application, this course prepares students for advanced clinical rotations and fosters a patient-centered approach to healthcare.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Clinical Psychology 4th Edition by John Hunsley
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15 Chapters
868 Verified Questions
868 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increased attention to mental disorders in the 1800s led to the recognition that hysteria
A) was not explainable by purely biological causes.
B) could be effectively treated with traditional medicine.
C) was entirely explainable by mental causes.
D) could be treated with cognitive-behaviour therapy.
Answer: A
Q2) Compared to the MMPI,projective tests
A) rely mostly on clinical judgement.
B) rely mostly on statistical norms.
C) are a much more recent assessment tool.
D) are generally more accurate in predicting antisocial behaviour.
Answer: A
Q3) Most psychologists agree that assessment data should be obtained
A) from multiple methods and informants.
B) mainly from the client.
C) mainly from expert assessment.
D) mainly from psychological testing.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Contemporary Clinical Psychology
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63 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an internship and when is it typically completed?
Answer: Suggested answer:
a.An internship is a year-long placement that clinical psychology students complete after they have completed all of the other requirements of their graduate program (except for the defence of their Ph.D.dissertation).
b.Students are supervised providing clinical services in settings such as hospitals or community settings.
Q2) Needs assessment are conducted to determine the A) extent of unmet health care needs in a population.
B) extent of unmet health care needs in a person.
C) efficiency of an organization who provides health care services.
D) efficiency of specific health care providers.
Answer: A
Q3) The current concept of informed consent applies to A) only those who cannot provide consent independently.
B) any individual participating in research or obtaining healthcare services.
C) individuals specifically participating in research.
D) individuals receiving care in hospital settings.
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Classification and Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concerns over the "medicalization of ordinary life" have led to calls for more stringent definitions of mental disorders.What is one argument that goes against this?
Answer: Suggested answer:
a.Research indicates (i.e.: Kessler et al.,2003)that even those with mild forms of mental disorders may be at elevated risk for subsequent psychosocial problems.
a.Compared with people with no diagnosable condition,those suffering from a mild disorder were 2.4 times more likely to develop significant psychosocial problems.
b.Accordingly,the researchers argued that although mental disorders,like physical disorders,vary in severity,even mild mental disorders are associated with substantial subsequent risk for impaired functioning and should therefore be represented within a diagnostic system.
b.Additional research (i.e.: Rai,Skapinakis,Wiles,Lewis,& Araya,2010)supported this: Using ICD-10 diagnostic criteria and UK epidemiological data,they found that over half of the functional disability occurring during mental disorders was accounted for by symptoms that were below the diagnostic threshold.
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Chapter 4: Research Methods in Clinical Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Donald Campbell encouraged researchers to proactively identify and remedy potential design problems that could undermine a study's _________.
A) clinical significance.
B) reliability.
C) validity.
D) procedures.
Q2) The prognosis for individuals with Obsessive Compulsive Disorder improved substantially with the development of behavioural treatments that include the key treatment components of
A) exposure and systematic avoidance.
B) systematic desensitization and response avoidance.
C) exposure and response prevention.
D) thought-stopping and response prevention.
Q3) After developing a general research idea,describe the five steps researchers engage in to ensure that the hypothesis is properly formulated and tested.
Q4) What is meta-analysis,and name one advantage of this procedure.
Q5) Describe three characteristics of correlational designs.
Q6) What is a randomized controlled trial?
Q7) List and provide examples of three sources of research ideas.
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Chapter 5: Assessment: Overview
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57 Verified Questions
57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Case formulation refers to the process of collecting assessment data
A) for use in court proceedings.
B) to evaluate intervention services.
C) as a means of communication among clinicians and with other health professionals through patient files.
D) to develop a comprehensive view of an individual's functioning.
Q2) Describe sensitivity and specificity.
Q3) When an event occurs that was not predicted,it is referred to as a A) false positive.
B) false negative.
C) true positive.
D) true negative.
Q4) What does the term case formulation refer to?
Q5) Developmental norms are used when the psychological construct being assessed A) remains constant over time.
B) remains constant over time for some individuals, but not for others.
C) develops idiosyncratically over time.
D) changes over time.
Q6) Why is standardization necessary for psychological testing and how is it achieved?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Assessment: Interviewing and Observation
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61 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a non-directive listening skill used by psychologists?
A) Summarization.
B) Leaning back.
C) Questioning.
D) Standing up.
Q2) Problem definition questions address
A) frequency of the problem.
B) duration of the problem.
C) intensity of the problem.
D) all of the above.
Q3) The strength of the SCID-5 lies in _____________; its weakness is ______________.
A) the breadth of the disorders it covers; the variable reliabilities that are obtained for different disorders
B) strong validity data; the variable reliabilities that are obtained for different disorders
C) strong validity data; the breadth of the disorders it covers
D) the short time it takes to complete; the variable reliabilities that are obtained for different disorders
Q4) List two potential considerations when interviewing children and/or adolescents.
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Chapter 7: Assessment: Intellectual and Cognitive Measures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Giftedness is usually defined as
A) having an intelligence score in the top 2% of the population.
B) having an intelligence score in the top 5% of the population.
C) having an intelligence score in the top 10% of the population.
D) an extreme positive discrepancy between achievement test scores and age-based norms.
Q2) Mental age refers to the
A) person's chronological age at the time of the test.
B) average age in the normative sample of those achieving the same test score as the person.
C) average age in the general population of those with a similar level of intelligence.
D) average age in the general population of those with a similar level of cognitive abilities.
Q3) Describe three general models of intelligence.
Q4) Thurstone (1938)is known primarily for introducing
A) the concept of primary mental abilities.
B) a more hierarchical model of intelligence.
C) a theory of multiple intelligences.
D) an information processing model of intelligence.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Assessment: Self-Report and Projective Measures
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Test of Memory Malingering,designed to assess exaggeration of memory deficits among individuals with potential ______________,has demonstrated ________ accuracy in identifying malingering.
A) behaviour problems; high
B) neurological impairments; high
C) psychological problems; low
D) physical impairments; low
Q2) Alicia has been referred to a psychologist due to complaints about anxiety.In the interview she reports that her singing teacher complains she is shy and withdrawn.She also reports that she is an active member of her religious community.Contemporary clinical psychologists view this as:
A) evidence of the problem of multi-informant assessment.
B) evidence that Alicia is an unreliable informant.
C) evidence of conditions in which symptoms are less severe.
D) evidence of the need for projective tests to circumvent self-report biases.
Q3) Projective tests are used mainly to make inferences about a person's
A) developmental history.
B) personality structure.
C) intelligence.
D) likelihood of faking good.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Assessment Integration and Clinical Decision-Making
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53 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe four precautions that clinicians can take to improve the accuracy of their clinical judgement.
Q2) Case formulation is required when:
A) there are complex issues of differential diagnosis.
B) the psychologist works within a psychodynamic framework.
C) there are no evidence based treatments to meet the person's symptom profile.
D) the psychologist has been asked to make recommendations about treatment.
Q3) Billy completed a test for his third year Clinical Psychology course and scored much below what he had expected.However,he found that he got one of the top marks on an essay that he had written for the same class.If Billy has a self-serving attributional bias,please provide concrete examples of the type of thinking he might engage in to explain these two conflicting results.
Q4) Almost everyone believes that he/she is less likely to have their decisions affected by errors and biases.This could potentially be explained by the A)hindsight bias.
B)fundamental attribution error.
C)bias blind spot.
D)regression to the mean.
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Q5) What is a case formulation? Describe two benefits of having a case formulation.
Chapter 10: Prevention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Parents' use of physical punishment in both Canada and the United States is A)against the law.
B)permitted only if the parent does not inflict physical harm.
C)permitted only if the physical harm is justified by the seriousness of the misbehaviour.
D)entirely at the parent's discretion.
Q2) Imagine that you are tasked with designing a preventive intervention program.What are three of the steps that you must take when designing your program?
Q3) Selective preventive intervention
A)a prevention program that targets people who are at elevated risk of developing a particular disorder or problem.
B)a prevention program that targets people who do not meet criteria for a disorder,but who have elevated risk and may show detectable,but subclinical,signs of the disorder
C)a prevention program applied to an entire population,such as a media awareness campaign on the dangers of drinking and driving.
D)occurs as soon as a disorder is evident,in order to prevent further deterioration.
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Chapter 11: Intervention: Overview
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Sample Questions
Q1) Short-term psychodynamic treatment usually requires:
A)weekly sessions over about a year.
B)biweekly sessions for six months.
C)weekly or biweekly sessions for 4-7 months.
D)daily sessions.
Q2) Psychotherapy is practised by
A)psychologists.
B)nurses.
C)social workers.
D)all of the above.
Q3) Stepped care refers to the process of
A)offering the type of intervention for which the treatment provider is most qualified.
B)disregarding cost to provide the strongest evidence-based intervention to meet the client's needs.
C)offering the lowest cost interventions to those who do not have private health insurance coverage.
D)only providing more intensive interventions to those for whom first line intervention is insufficient.
Q4) What is transference?
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Chapter 12: Intervention: Adults and Couples
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Sample Questions
Q1) A 2006 survey of accredited doctoral training programs found that _____ Ph.D.programs and _____ of Psy.D.programs did not require any training in evidence-based treatments.
A)no; some
B)very few; some
C)many; some
D)almost half; two-thirds
Q2) Effectiveness trials indicate that efficacious treatments
A)cannot be effectively transported to routine practice.
B)can be transported to routine clinical practice,but with significant loss of treatment impact.
C)can be transported to routine clinical practice,with moderate loss of treatment impact.
D)can be transported to routine clinical practice,with little loss of treatment impact.
Q3) Initial sessions of CBT tend to focus primarily on
A)cognitive restructuring tasks.
B)behavioural activation tasks.
C)completing thought records.
D)challenging schemas.
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Chapter 13: Intervention: Children and Adolescents
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Sample Questions
Q1) Coercive exchanges between parents and their children are characterized by parents
A)rewarding children for positive behaviour and children rewarding parents by engaging in positive behaviour.
B)using authoritarian methods (e.g.,shouting or spanking).
C)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children rewarding parents by ceasing the aversive behaviour.
D)rewarding children for aversive behaviour and children punishing parents by continuing the aversive behaviour.
Q2) A meta-analysis of 32 studies comparing evidence-based treatments to usual clinical care found that
A)evidence-based treatments consistently outperformed usual clinical care.
B)usual clinical care consistently outperformed evidence-based treatments.
C)there were no significant differences between these treatment modalities.
D)evidence-based treatments outperformed usually clinical care only for autism treatment.
Q3) Briefly describe Evidence-based Parenting Programs and Multisystemic Therapy (MST)programs.List one thing these programs have in common,and one way in which they are different.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Intervention: Identifying Key Elements of Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research indicates that differences in therapist effectiveness are most apparent when treating patients
A)without comorbid disorders.
B)with low levels of problem severity.
C)with high levels of problem severity.
D)who are of a different ethnicity than the therapist.
Q2) Who developed an initiative to identify empirically based principles of therapeutic change?
A)Castonguay and Beutler
B)Orlinksy and Luborsky
C)Orlinsky and Castonguay
D)Luborsky and Wampold
Q3) What are the important components of the e therapeutic alliance.
Q4) Which of the hypothesized common factors in psychotherapy has received the most research attention?
A)Empathy.
B)Sense of mastery in the client.
C)Therapeutic alliance.
D)Confronting problems in therapy.
Page 16
Q5) What differentiates process research from process-outcome research?
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Chapter 15: Health Psychology, Clinical Neuropsychology, and Forensic Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Neuropsychology is the study of ____________,whereas clinical neuropsychology is _____.
A)neurological injury or disease; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease
B)brain-behaviour relationships; the application of this knowledge to assess and remediate effects of neurological injury or disease
C)neurological injury or disease; the study of brain-behaviour relationships
D)brain-behaviour relationships; the study of neurological injury or disease
Q2) The history of treatment for individuals with neurocognitive impairment is _________ the history of treatment for mental disorders.
A)comparable to B)much more extensive than C)relatively brief compared to D)controversial compared to
Q3) What is clinical neuropsychology?
Q4) Define the conceptualization of disability within both a)a medical model and b)a social model.
Q5) Do neuropsychological tests reflect human functioning perfectly? Why or why not?
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