Foundations of Clinical Dentistry Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Clinical Dentistry is an introductory course designed to provide students with essential knowledge and practical skills required for clinical practice in dentistry. The course covers fundamental topics such as dental anatomy, oral physiology, infection control, patient assessment, and dental materials. Students will learn basic operative techniques, tooth preparation, restorative procedures, and the principles of effective communication and patient management. Emphasis is placed on developing clinical competence through hands-on laboratory sessions, simulation exercises, and case-based learning, preparing students for more advanced clinical experiences in dentistry.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Oral Histology and Embryology A Clinical Approach 4th Edition by Daniel J. Chiego
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2
Chapter 1: Development and Structure of Cells and Tissues
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cell may contain more than one nucleolus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The umbilical system carries oxygenated blood.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The cardiovascular system originates from chondroblasts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Blood cells begin to form in the __________ __________ at weeks of development.
Answer: yolk sac
Q5) The information in mRNA is translated by ribosomes located on the surface of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Structure and Function of Cells, Tissues, and Organs
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Q1) Osteoporosis affects men at an earlier age than women.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Connective tissue is classified as ______________.
A) dense, striated, or smooth
B) simple, stratified, or squamous
C) dense, loose, or loose with special properties
D) dense, elastic, or elastic with special properties
Answer: C
Q3) Which term represents a single layer of cells?
A) Simple
B) Stratified
C) Cuboidal
D) Columnar
Answer: A
Q4) Which organ system secretes and regulates hormones in the blood?
Answer: Endocrine system
Q5) Which two layers compose the skin?
Answer: Epidermis,dermis
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Chapter 3: Development of the Oral Facial Region
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following arises from the first pharyngeal arch?
A) Inferior hyoid
B) Laryngeal cartilages
C) Tissues that form the cheeks
D) Muscles of facial expression
Answer: C
Q2) The muscles of facial expression arise from the hyoid arch.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The ultimobranchial body is the origin of which hormone?
A) Insulin
B) Calcitonin
C) Dopamine
D) Testosterone
Answer: B
Q4) Branchial clefts may be found along the anterior border of the trapezius muscle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Development of the Face and Palate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each cranial nerve innervates the tongue,except one.Which is the exception?
A) V
B) VII
C) VIII
D) X
Q2) Which muscle grows around the oral pit in the sixth prenatal week?
A) Buccinator
B) Mylohyoid
C) Orbicularis oris
D) Zygomatic major
Q3) Which significant change occurs in the fifth prenatal week?
A) The heart begins to beat.
B) The bilateral placodes develop into nostrils.
C) The palatine shelves grow medially and contact the tongue.
D) The eyes move from the side of the face to the front of the face.
Q4) Bilateral nasal placodes appear in the seventh week of gestation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In the fifth week,the frontal process becomes known as the _______ process.
Page 6
Q6) The origin of the thyroid gland is the ________ _________.
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Chapter 5: Development of Teeth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which layer of the enamel organ is most closely associated with blood vessels?
A) Stellate reticulum
B) Stratum intermedium
C) Inner enamel epithelium
D) Outer enamel epithelium
Q2) Which cells of the enamel organ assist ameloblasts in forming enamel?
A) Stellate reticulum
B) Stratum intermedium
C) Inner enamel epithelial
D) Outer enamel epithelial
Q3) Tomes processes develop in which stage of ameloblast differentiation?
A) Secretion
B) Protection
C) Maturation
D) Organization
Q4) List the five functional stages of change that each ameloblasts undergoes,in sequential order.
Q5) The terminal bar apparatus is a series of hemidesmosomes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Eruption and Shedding of the Teeth
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Q1) _________ are not successors of primary teeth.
Q2) Which of the following best defines ankylosis?
A) A fusion of tooth roots
B) A process that leads to tooth eruption
C) The removal of bone overlying the bony crypt
D) The eruption of a tooth into a space occupied by an opposing tooth
Q3) Tooth eruption is clinically seen as which of the following?
A) Light and dark bands
B) Interlocking of the rods
C) Blanching of the mucosa
D) Crystallization of the enamel rods
Q4) Special _______ cells destroy collagen fibers by ingestion.
A) fibroblast
B) osteoclast
C) osteoblast
D) amino acid
Q5) Fusion of the tooth (reduced enamel epithelium)with the oral epithelium forms the __________ epithelium.
Q6) Name two characteristics of both primary and permanent dentitions.
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Q7) The formation of the eruption ____________ is necessary for tooth eruption.
Chapter 7: Enamel
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Q1) Enamel is approximately ______thick at the occlusal or incisal surface.
A) 1 µm
B) 9 µm
C) 2.5 mm
D) 4.5 mm
Q2) Light and dark enamel rod groups are known as striae of Retzius.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Enamel is an impermeable tissue.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Ameloblasts produce _______ as they migrate.
A) cementoid
B) enamel rods
C) epithelial rests
D) dentinal tubules
Q5) In the Hunter-Schreger phenomenon,adjacent rod groups lie at right angles to each other.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Dentin
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Q1) Dead tracts develop when odontoblasts die from trauma or old age.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The appositional growth of dentin is apparent in which feature?
A) Incremental lines
B) Lateral canaliculi
C) Transparent dentin
D) Interglobular spaces
Q3) Dentin is responsive to the environment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Incremental lines are also known as _______ _________.
Q5) Which type of dentin separates mantle dentin from circumpulpal dentin?
A) Granular
B) Globular
C) Transparent
D) Reactionary
Q6) Odontoblastic injury during a cavity preparation usually results in ________ dentin.
Q7) Primary dentin consists of mantle,globular,and _________ dentin.
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Chapter 9: Dental Pulp
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many pulps are present in the permanent dentition?
Q2) The term radicular pulp is best defined as which of the following?
A) Dental pulp located in the roots of teeth
B) Pulp with a soft, gelatinous consistency
C) The opening of root pulp into the periodontium
D) Dental pulp that occupies the crown of the tooth
Q3) The ________ of the odontoblast is the largest part of the cell.
Q4) Odontoblasts continually form dentin throughout life.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is not found in the central part of the pulp?
A) Fibroblasts
B) Cementoblasts
C) Collagen fibers
D) Veins and arteries
Q6) Odontoblasts appear ___________________________ in the pulp horn area.
Q7) Pulp stones only occur in erupted teeth.
A)True
B)False
Q8) List five functions of pulp tissue.
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Chapter 10: Cementum
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Q1) Following resorption,cemental repair is a function of the ____________.
Q2) Which of the following best defines a cementicle?
A) An ovoid calcification in the periodontal ligament (PDL)
B) A spindle-shaped cell found in the connective tissue
C) A flattened and elongated cell found in the coronal portions of the pulp
D) An irregularly shaped calcified mass appearing in the canal of the pulp
Q3) The majority of cementocytes reside within the apical cementum.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cementum is devoid of elastic fibers.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Incremental lines in cementum indicate _________.
A) trauma
B) rhythmic deposition
C) developmental anomalies
D) the presence of odontocytes
Q6) In terms of cementum formation,what does OMG stand for?
Q7) List two characteristic differences between cementum and bone.
Q8) Aging cementum may obstruct the ______ _______.
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Chapter 11: Periodontium: Periodontal Ligament
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Sample Questions
Q1) ______________ create and destroy collagen fibers,as needed.
A) Fibroblasts
B) Osteoclasts
C) Macrophages
D) Cementoblasts
Q2) Which of the following best defines epithelial rest?
A) Diminished functional activity caused by aging
B) A decrease in the production of epithelial cells
C) A marking created by deposition of cementum
D) A mass of cells in the remnants of the root sheath
Q3) Epithelial rests always occur along the root surface.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Interstitial spaces contain _______ _______ and nerve trunks that maintain the vitality of the periodontal ligament (PDL).
Q5) _______________ is (are)highly cellular,vascular,and neural.
A) Oxytalan fibers
B) Interstitial spaces
C) Periodontal ligaments
D) Fibrous connective tissue
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Periodontium: Alveolar Process and Cementum
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Sample Questions
Q1) The alveolar crest is located _______ mm below the dentinoenamel junction.
A) 10
B) 3 to 4
C) 1.2 to 1.5
D) 2.5 to 3.2
Q2) Once formed,fibers attached to the cementum cannot change.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which best defines dehiscence?
A) Bone loss in the coronal area of the root
B) Colorless, ischemic periodontal ligament
C) Compact bony lining of the tooth socket
D) Inclination of permanent teeth to drift mesially
Q4) Hyalinization of the periodontal ligament is caused by which of the following?
A) Mesial drift
B) Traumatic compression
C) Eruption of permanent teeth
D) Gradual orthodontic movement
Q5) Tooth loss causes loss of periodontal fibers,as well as loss of _______ ________.
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Chapter 13: Temporomandibular Joint
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Q1) The _________ is a spine of bone arising from the rim of the mandibular foramen.
Q2) When the mouth opens,each condylar head slides along the articular ________.
A) pad
B) fossa
C) plane
D) eminence
Q3) Name the two movements of the TMJ.
Q4) Where is the temporomandibular fossa located?
A) Medial to the zygomaticofrontal suture
B) Within the periphery of the zygomatic arch
C) At the posterior medial aspect of the zygomatic arch
D) Along the anterior upper border of the zygomatic arch
Q5) The articular disk is thin but highly vascular.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which of the following ligaments do not support the temporomandibular joint?
A) Stylohyoid
B) Stylomandibular
C) Sphenomandibular
D) Temporomandibular
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Oral Mucosa
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hemidesmosomes attach the lamina propria to the stratum basal.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Langerhans cells are restricted to the stratum spinosum.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ____________ inject melanosomes into the basal cells of the gingival epithelium.
A) Melanocytes
B) Lymphocytes
C) Merkel cells
D) Langerhans cells
Q4) Ectopic sebaceous glands at the angle of the mouth are called ______ _______.
Q5) Name the four types of papillae found on the tongue.
Q6) Lymphocytes and leukocytes appear most often beneath the __________ epithelium
Q7) As oral mucosa ages,it appears less moist.
A)True
B)False
Page 16
Q8) Eleidin,a transparent protein,is found in the vermillion border of the lips.
A)True
B)False
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Salivary Glands and Tonsils
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Q1) Myoepithelial cells located on the pharyngeal tonsils help move secretions toward the oral cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which salivary component facilitates the breakdown of carbohydrates?
A) Mucin
B) Protein
C) Zymogen granules
D) Immunoglobulin A
Q3) Mucous cells discharge ________________.
A) mucin
B) amylase
C) merocrine
D) zymogen granules
Q4) Identify the location of the lingual tonsils.
Q5) Leukocytes from the gingival crevices and lymphocytes from the tonsils,which are found in saliva,are known as __________ ____________.
Q6) The _______________ tonsil is also known as the adenoid.
Q7) Name the ducts that lead from the parotid and submandibular salivary glands.
Q8) Name the three major salivary glands.
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Chapter 16: Biofilms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Calculus varies in both composition and hardness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Plaque is more mineralized than calculus.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Within days,a pellicle can grow into a thick plaque,containing motile spirochetes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cuticular protein is the most important function of the primary cuticle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following is a function of a disclosing solution?
A) Diagnosing pulpits
B) Locating calculus deposits
C) Determining whether plaque is still present
D) Showing cracks or fissures in the enamel surface
Q6) Dental plaque is characterized as a ________.
Q7) ____________ produce acids that can demineralize the surface of enamel.
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