Foundations of Biology Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Foundations of Biology provides a comprehensive introduction to the fundamental concepts of biological science. The course covers the molecular and cellular basis of life, including structure and function of cells, genetics, evolution, and biodiversity. Students will explore the principles of biochemistry, metabolism, and the flow of genetic information, along with how organisms interact with each other and their environment. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking, the scientific method, and the application of biological knowledge to current issues. This course prepares students for advanced studies in biology and related disciplines.
Recommended Textbook
Biology Today and Tomorrow without Physiology 5th Edition by Cecie Starr
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18 Chapters
1779 Verified Questions
1779 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Invitation To Biology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Percentages are about equal.Therefore,Olestra is not the cause of intestinal cramps observed in some people who have ingested Olestra-containing food.
A)Observation
B)Hypothesis
C)Prediction
D)Experiment
E)Control group
F)Experimental group
G)The variable
H)Results
I)Conclusion
Answer: I
Q2) Why do scientists typically design experiments that will yield quantitative results?
A)Scientists are unable to perform qualitative studies.
B)Quantitative results minimize the potential for bias.
C)To prevent other scientists from repeating their experiments.
D)Scientists cannot always observe all individuals of a group.
E)Quantitative results increase desirable bias.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Molecules Of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) phospholipid
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
F)F
G)G
Answer: E
Q2) The chemical reactions that cells use to acquire and use energy to live,grow and reproduce are called ____.
A)hydrolysis
B)condensation
C)phosphorylation
D)metabolism
E)oxidation
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Cell Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Aerobic respiration occurs in this organelle.
A)nucleus
B)mitochondrion
C)lysosome
D)Golgi body
E)ribosome
F)rough endoplasmic reticulum
G)smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Answer: B
Q2) One of the generalizations of cell theory is that ____.
A)all living organisms are made up of cells
B)all cells divide by meiosis
C)all cells have a nucleus
D)cells arise through spontaneous generation
E)growth is solely the result of cell division
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Energy And Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Wilting of a plant occurs ____.
A)if the plant is placed in an isotonic solution
B)if there is a rise in turgor pressure
C)as a result of facilitated diffusion
D)if the plant is placed in a hypertonic solution
E)if the plant is placed in a hypotonic solution
Q2) Hypotonic
A)A
B)B
C)C
Q3) phosphate-group transfer
A)reactant
B)product
C)ATP
D)activation energy
E)reaction
F)phosphorylation
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Chapter 5: Capturing And Releasing Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) When proteins are broken down into their subunits,what happens to the amino group removed from the amino acids that are not used to rebuild proteins or other molecules?
A)They are formed into acetyl-CoA.
B)They are converted into pyruvate.
C)They are excreted in theurine.
D)They are stored as glycogen in liver.
E)They are stored in vacuoles in muscle.
Q2) Which process is indicated by label 8?
A)final acceptor of electrons
B)transfer of electrons between molecules
C)release of electrons into the photosystem
D)active transport of hydrogen ions to establish gradient
E)passive transport of hydrogen ions down a gradient
F)enzymatic phosphorylation
G)replacement of electrons by hydrolysis
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Chapter 6: DNA Structure And Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) A somatic cell is defined as a(n)_____.
A)blastocyst
B)egg
C)body cell
D)cloned cell
E)sperm cell
Q2) If an error is made during replication that is not caught by DNA polymerase,the most likely is that _____.
A)both strands of DNA will be mutated
B)only the daughter strand will be mutated
C)a mutation that causes cancer will occur
D)DNA ligase will repair the mistake before a mutation occurs
E)DNA replication will stall indefinitely
Q3) The image of an individual's complement of chromosomes arranged by size,length,shape,and centromere location is called a(n)_____.
A)autotype
B)genotype
C)phenotype
D)karyotype
E)double helix
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Chapter 7: Gene Expression AND Control
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once the amino acid on the second tRNA bonds with the amino acid of the first tRNA,what happens to that first tRNA?
A)it remains attached to the rRNA
B)it moves into the nucleus to get more instructions from mRNA
C)it breaks down into its component nucleotides
D)it leaves the ribosome and may pick up another amino acid
E)it transforms into an mRNA molecule
Q2) What does it mean that the genetic code is "highly conserved"?
A)it is almost universal and has not changed in millions of years
B)it resists modification from environmental mutagens
C)organisms can only use it a certain number of times
D)all organisms and organelles - without exception - have the exact same genetic code
E)the products of the genetic code - proteins - are almost the same in all organisms
Q3) What type of mutation is least likely to alter the amino acid sequence?
A)Deletion only
B)Insertion only
C)Base-pair substitution
D)Frame-shift mutation
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Chapter 8: How Cells Reproduce
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Sample Questions
Q1) prophase I
A)23
B)46
C)69
D)92
E)108
Q2) At the beginning of prophase I,there are _____ chromosomes in the germ cell that will develop into a human sperm cell.
A)23
B)92
C)46
D)half as many (as compared to somatic cell)
E)twice as many (as compared to mature sperm)
Q3) Which organisms replicate cells by mitosis?
A)animals and bacteria
B)animals and plants
C)bacteria and plants
D)archaea and bacteria
E)archaea and plants
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Patterns Of Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) ABO blood types in humans
A)epistasis
B)incomplete dominance
C)codominance
D)pleiotropy
E)continuous variation
Q2) Various forms of the same gene are called ____.
A)genotypes
B)alleles
C)somatic
D)recessive
E)phenotypes
Q3) ____ raises miscarriage risks by 2-10% and is rarely performed.
A)Conventional ultrasound
B)Fetoscopy
C)4D ultrasound
D)Amniocentesis
E)CVS
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11
Chapter 10: Biotechnology
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Sample Questions
Q1) When a bacterium reproduces,its offspring inherit a full complement of genetic information,which includes ____.
A)one chromosome plus plasmids
B)a genetically complete plasmid
C)at least two chromosomes
D)two chromosomes plus plasmids
E)a single strand of circular DNA
Q2) During a DNA profiling analysis,short tandem repeats are first ____.
A)subjected to high heat
B)inserted into a plasmid
C)chopped up using a restriction enzyme
D)placed on a gel for electrophoresis
E)amplified using PCR
Q3) By using mice,researchers found a correlation between mutations in the gene APOA5 and ____.
A)high triglycerides in blood
B)breast cancer
C)receptors of the immune system
D)sickle-cell anemia
E)Alzheimer's disease
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Chapter 11: Evidence Of Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is an asteroid?
A)dust and small rock orbiting around the sun
B)a ball of ice with a tail
C)a small planet
D)a small sun with weak solar emissions
E)debris from a large planet
Q2) Variations in the timing of master gene expression during embryonic development in vertebrates is responsible for ____.
A)mitochondrial DNA expression
B)protein synthesis
C)differences in adult body form
D)development of vestigial structures
E)brain development
Q3) An example of morphological divergence is the wing of a bat and the ____.
A)hand of a human
B)foot of a human
C)femur of an elephant
D)femur of a human
E)leg of a chicken
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Processes Of Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) evolutionary history of a species
A)character
B)Clade
C)cladistics
D)microevolution
E)dimorphism
F)phylogeny
G)balanced polymorphism
H)cladogram
I)fixed allele
Q2) In the work that they do,scientists who study phylogeny are most like a ____.
A)police detective
B)medical doctor
C)carpenter
D)college professor
E)real estate agent
Q3) distribution of traits in a population before selection occurs
Q4) directional selection - the form of a trait at one end of a range of variation is adaptive.
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Chapter 13: Early Life Forms And The Viruses
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Sample Questions
Q1) flagellum
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
Q2) pilus
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
Q3) lower the ocean's carbon dioxide concentration
A)amoebas
B)apicomplexan
C)dinoflagellates
D)green algae
E)red algae
F)foraminifera
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Plants And Fungi
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is the closest living nonvascular relative to vascular plants?
A)hornworts
B)liverworts
C)mosses
D)ferns
E)red algae
Q2) Which are low-growing,nonvascular plants that have flagellated sperm and disperse by producing spores?
A)mosses
B)ferns
C)liverworts
D)hornworts
E)lichen
Q3) Wheat stem rust fungus is a(n)_____.
A)obligate plant parasite
B)mycorrhizal fungus
C)decomposer
D)pathogenic chytrid
E)photosynthetic
Q4) carpel
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Chapter 15: Animal Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Our closest extinct relative is ____.
A)Homo erectus
B)Homo habilis
C)Homo neanderthalensis
D)Australopithecus afarensis
E)Australopithecus africanus
Q2) egg white (albumen)
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
F)F
G)G
Q3) A mite is most closely related to which of the following?
A)ants
B)spiders
C)isopods
D)leeches
E)flukes
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Chapter 16: Population Ecology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Resource consumption tends to ____ with economic and industrial development.
A)remain balanced
B)decrease
C)remain stable
D)rise
E)keep pace
Q2) Which country has the biggest ecological footprint?
A)France
B)United States
C)China
D)India
E)Canada
Q3) Killifish preferentially prey upon small,young guppies.This leads to selective pressure for the guppy population to ____.
A)evolve an equilibrial life history
B)learn to evade predators while young
C)reduce the number of offspring
D)put energy into growth rather than reproduction
E)put energy into reproduction rather than growth
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Communities And Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) cellular respiration
A)A
B)B
C)C
D)D
E)E
Q2) An example of a nonbiological factor that affects community structure is ____.
A)mutualism
B)competition
C)parasitism
D)predation
E)rainfall
Q3) In a typical predator-prey relationship,____.
A)the predator exerts selective pressure on its prey
B)the prey exerts selective pressure on its predator
C)the predator will not kill its prey
D)the predator feeds on carcasses
E)predator and prey exert selective pressures on each other
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Chapter 18: The Biosphere And Human Effects
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increased levels of cesium radioisotopes released from the Fukushima nuclear power plant were observed in ____.
A)blue whales
B)sharks
C)bluefin tuna
D)yellowfin tuna
E)swordfish
Q2) The increased concentration of toxins as they move up through the food chain is called ____.
A)biological magnification
B)eutrophication
C)biological accumulation
D)deposition
E)desertification
Q3) What is an undersea mountain called?
A)a seamount
B)a mangrove
C)a trench
D)an estuary
E)a coral reef
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