Foundations of Biology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Foundations of Biology introduces students to the essential concepts and principles underlying the study of living organisms. This course covers key topics such as cell structure and function, genetics, evolution, ecology, and biological diversity. Through a combination of lectures, discussions, and laboratory experiences, students explore the molecular and cellular basis of life, mechanisms of inheritance, evolutionary processes, and the interactions between organisms and their environments. The course emphasizes scientific inquiry, critical thinking, and the integration of biological knowledge to understand real-world issues and advances in the life sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Biology The Essentials 2nd Edition by Hoefnagels
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30 Chapters
2108 Verified Questions
2108 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Scientific Study of Life
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gravity is a theory because it is
A)a tentative explanation of an observation.
B)an untestable prediction.
C)a changeable element of experiments.
D)an opinion or hunch.
E)an encompassing explanation of a natural phenomenon that is well accepted.
Answer: E
Q2) In cleaning up after lab,you have to sort cards into boxes.You would put all of the below cards into a box marked "ecosystem" except A)community.
B)biosphere.
C)populations.
D)organisms.
E)nonliving environmental components.
Answer: B
Q3) The scientific method cannot be used to answer questions about immaterial and philosophical issues.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: The Chemistry of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) Polymers are made of monomers,and both are kinds of compounds.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Aphids that change color in response to the presence of bacterial symbionts generally do so as they age.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The four major groups of organic compounds are
A)fats,waxes,carbohydrates,and amino acids.
B)carbohydrates,lipids,steroids,and monosaccharides.
C)lipids,fats,waxes,and steroids.
D)carbohydrates,lipids,proteins,and nucleic acids.
E)carbohydrates,proteins,amino acids,and nucleic acids.
Answer: D
Q4) Proteins are compound because they are polymers.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
4
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Chapter 3: Cells
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58 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which component of the cell theory argues against life on Earth evolving from inorganic molecules?
A)All organisms are made of one or more cells.
B)The cell is the fundamental unit of all life.
C)All cells come from preexisting cells.
D)Cells are small in size.
E)All cells are either prokaryotic or eukaryotic.
Answer: C
Q2) What do a pine tree,an octopus,and a bacterium have in common at the microscopic level?
A)nothing in common
B)nuclei
C)blood supply
D)cancerous tissues
E)cellular composition
Answer: E
Q3) Some prokaryotes do have internal membranes,used in detecting gravity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: The Energy of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) After ATP donates a phosphate group to a coupled reaction,then it becomes ADP.The ADP
A)can be recharged with the release of energy to form ATP.
B)is a waste product that will be broken down.
C)can be recharged in an equilibrium reaction to form ATP.
D)can be recharged in an oxidation reaction to form ATP.
E)can be recharged with the uptake of energy to form ATP.
Q2) The region of an enzyme that catalyzes reactions is called
A)an active site.
B)a binding pocket.
C)a reaction site.
D)a catalyst site.
E)an analog.
Q3) Coupled reactions involve one reaction that provides energy to the other.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Oxidation is the loss of electrons.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Photosynthesis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The reactants of photosynthesis are
A)oxygen and glucose.
B)water and carbon dioxide.
C)chlorophyll and oxygen.
D)glucose and water.
E)glucose and oxygen.
Q2) Which plants are best suited to cool,wet conditions?
A)C<sub>4</sub>
B)C<sub>3</sub>
C)CAM
D)All types are equally suiteD.
Q3) The light reactions produce ATP,while the carbon reactions consume it.
A)True
B)False
Q4) C<sub>4</sub> plants and CAM plants fix carbon in a larger molecule twice during photosynthetic reactions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Place the steps of the light reactions in the order in which they occur.
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Chapter 6: How Cells Release Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Plants are
A)net O<sub>2</sub> consumers and CO<sub>2</sub> producers.
B)net O<sub>2</sub> producers and CO<sub>2</sub> consumers.
C)net O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> producers.
D)net O<sub>2</sub> and CO<sub>2</sub> consumers.
E)able to conduct photosynthesis,not cellular respiration.
Q2) The Krebs cycle produces ______,______,and carbon dioxide.
A)glucose,oxygen
B)oxygen,ATP
C)ATP,electron carriers
D)electron carriers,oxygen
E)pyruvate,PGAL
Q3) Nitrogen gas can substitue for oxygen gas in cellular respiration.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Aerobic respiration uses oxygen as its final electron acceptor at the end of the electron transport chain.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Dna Structure and Gene Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Viruses
A)consist of only a single cell.
B)are smaller than cells.
C)consist of multiple cells.
D)contain a nucleus.
E)contain ribosomes.
Q2) What are proteins that initiate transcription in eukaryotes by recognizing sequences within the promoter region of a gene and attracting RNA polymerase?
A)repressors
B)inducers
C)transcription factors
D)TATA boxes
E)poly A tails
Q3) In eukaryotic cells,sequences of mRNA removed before translation are called A)introns.
B)anticodons.
C)exons.
D)rRNA.
E)terminators.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: DNA Replication, binary Fission, and Mitosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) The phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes condense and centrosomes move to opposite poles of the cell is A)interphase.
B)metaphase.
C)prophase.
D)anaphase.
E)telophasE.
Q2) The splitting of a cell into two daughter cells in the eukaryotic cell cycle is A)mitosis.
B)interphase.
C)cytokinesis.
D)metaphase.
E)anaphasE.
Q3) How does the space between our fingers arise?
A)The cells form by apoptosis.
B)Mitosis of the cells is blocked.
C)The cells die by apoptosis.
D)Meiosis of the cells is blockeD.
E)The cells become part of the fingers.
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Chapter 9: Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mitotic cell division creates identical copies by replicating a cell's DNA __________ and then dividing ____________.
A)once,twice
B)twice,once
C)twice,twice
D)once,once
E)No answer is correct.
Q2) Chromosomes that look alike and carry the same sequence of genes for the same traits are
A)the X and Y chromosome.
B)all the autosomes.
C)homologous chromosomes.
D)found in females only.
E)found in males only.
Q3) If a diploid cell goes through meiosis it will generate
A)two haploid cells.
B)four diploid cells.
C)two diploid cells.
D)four haploid cells.
E)This is not possiblE.
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Chapter 10: Patterns of Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) An allele that exerts its effects whenever it is present is A)recessive.
B)dominant.
C)homologous.
D)homozygous.
E)heterozygous.
Q2) Average heights of American men and women have increased steadily since the 1940s.What is the best explanation for this observation?
A)Height is a polygenic trait.
B)Height is influenced by an X-linked gene.
C)Height is influenced by environmental changes like improvements in diet.
D)Height is influenced by a Y-linked gene.
E)Height is influenced by crossing over.
Q3) If the two alleles for a particular gene are identical the gene pair is A)homozygous.
B)homologous.
C)heterozygous.
D)dominant.
E)recessivE.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Dna Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an ethical issue surrounding the use of DNA technology in human medicine?
A)May reduce human suffering through elimination of genetic disorders.
B)Cost may limit use to only wealthy people.
C)Errors can be made that lead to damaging or erroneous treatments.
D)May result in quest for perfection that leads to unhealthy practices.
E)All of the choices are ethical issues.
Q2) 98.5% of the human genome does not encode proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cloning and sexual reproduction result in two genetically identical cells/organisms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the gene for a genetic disorder has the DNA sequence AATCGACTACCGTA,then the DNA probe has the sequence
A)AATCGACTACCGTA.
B)AAUCGACUACCGUA.
C)UUAGCUGACGGCAU.
D)TTAGCTGATGGCAT.
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Chapter 12: Forces of Evolutionary Change
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55 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The entire collection of genes and their alleles is a population's A)genotype.
B)phenotype.
C)dominant traits.
D)recessive traits.
E)gene pool.
Q2) If you were going to apply the principles of Darwin to business,you would allow employees to submit a wide range of ideas and then test many,keeping the winners because in evolution,natural selection
A)neither preserves nor rejects harmful variations in a population.
B)preserves harmful variations and rejects favorable variations in a population.
C)preserves favorable and harmful variations in a population.
D)preserves favorable variations and rejects harmful variations in a population.
E)No answer is correct.
Q3) The frequency of the sickle cell allele is kept up by the heterozygote advantage under natural selection.
A)True
B)False
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14
Chapter 13: Evidence of Evolution
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Sample Questions
Q1) If many genes from two species differ in about 5% of their bases and substitutions occur at an estimated rate of 5% per one million years,approximately how many years have passed since the two species diverged?
A)1 million.
B)5 million.
C)10 million.
D)20 million.
E)50 million.
Q2) In the section "Investigating Life: Evolving Backwards," what is the significance of the marine fossil snakes (highlighted in the figure)?
A)Is an ancestor to modern-day snakes and has same anatomical organization as modern-day snakes
B)Is an outgroup unrelated to modern-day snakes
C)Has the same anatomical organization as modern-day snakes
D)Has a common ancestor to modern-day snakes,but placed in a derived group
E)Is the ancestor to modern-day snakes,but has different anatomical organization than modern-day snakes
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Chapter 14: Speciation and Extinction
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you observed that the sperm of a bull could not fuse in a lab dish with the eggs of a cow,you would say that the bull and the cow showed A)hybrid inviability.
B)gametic isolation.
C)temporal isolation.
D)hybrid infertility.
E)ecological isolation.
Q2) A horizontal branch in an evolutionary tree indicates A)gradualism.
B)punctuated equilibrium.
C)extinction.
D)convergent evolution.
E)temporal isolation.
Q3) Polyploidy is common in A)plant species.
B)fungal species.
C)animal species.
D)bacterial species.
E)All answers are correct.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Evolution and Diversity of Microbial Life
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) DNA sequence evidence suggests that plants,fungi,and animals arose from different lineages of unicellular protists.This suggests which of the following?
A)Protists evolved before the other three kingdoms.
B)Early ancestors to plants,fungi,and animals could interbreed.
C)Multicellular organisms arose only once in evolutionary history.
D)All unicellular organisms are now extinct.
E)The animal,plant,and fungal kingdoms contain some single-celled organisms.
Q2) Where in a diatom would you find its yellowish photosynthetic pigment?
A)in the plasma membrane
B)in the cytoplasm
C)in the cell wall
D)in the nucleus
E)in chloroplasts
Q3) Mitochondria arose by endosymbiosis of a(an)
A)anaerobic bacterium.
B)photosynthetic bacterium.
C)aerobic bacterium.
D)aerobic archaeon.
E)photosynthetic archaeon.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Evolution and Diversity of Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cycads are
A)trees that produce flowers.
B)bryophytes.
C)trees that produce large cones.
D)algae.
E)ferns.
Q2) The parts of the plant that conduct water and dissolved minerals from the roots to the leaves are the A)xylem.
B)stomata.
C)roots.
D)phloem.
E)cuticlE.
Q3) Mosses are an example of which of the following?
A)autotrophs
B)primary consumers
C)detritovores
D)decomposers
E)heterotrophs
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Evolution and Diversity of Animals
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Sample Questions
Q1) The early amphibian Tiktaalik either crawled or paddled in shallow tropical streams about 380 mya,during the late Devonian period.These shallow waters often became anaerobic.What selective advantage did Tiktaalik have under these conditions?
A)It could lift its head out of the water and breathe air through its gills.
B)It could crawl out of the water and walk over to new shallow streams.
C)It could swim better than fish.
D)It could crawl on shore and feed on birds and reptiles that were on lanD.
E)It could breathe air through its lungs.
Q2) Which is an amphibian?
A)turtle
B)lizard
C)toad
D)octopus
E)coelacanth
Q3) Segmentation is easy to observe in the cuticle of a nematode.
A)True
B)False
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19
Chapter 18: Populations
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a scientist sees 20 finches in 3 trees where they nest at 5 PM,the population density is 4.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A density-independent factor is one that affects population without regard to the number of individuals per area.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Ecologists study
A)prokaryotes only.
B)eukaryotes only.
C)interactions between all organisms.
D)plants and animals only.
E)animals only.
Q4) The number of individuals of a species per unit area or volume of habitat is
A)carrying capacity.
B)population density.
C)a community.
D)population distribution.
E)population dynamics.
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Chapter 19: Communities and Ecosystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Energy can be depleted within an ecosystem.
A)True
B)False
Q2) As temperatures in the Arctic rise,which of the following changes may occur?
A)Tundra will be replaced by taigA.
B)Taiga will be replaced by tundra.
C)Temperate forest will be replaced by taiga.
D)Tundra will be replaced by desert.
E)Taiga will be replaced by temperate rain forest.
Q3) Trees that lose only a few leaves at a time are
A)deciduous trees.
B)carnivorous trees.
C)maple trees.
D)hickory trees.
E)coniferous trees.
Q4) The reason why a "rain shadow" is called that is that it is on the
A)downwind side and has a wetter climate than the upwind side of the mountain.
B)upwind side and has a drier climate than the downwind side of the mountain.
C)downwind side and has a drier climate than the upwind side of the mountain.
D)upwind side and has a wetter climate than the downwind side of the mountain.
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Chapter 20: Preserving Biodiversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the section "Investigating Life: The Case of the Missing Frogs: Is Climate the Culprit?",how did climate change affect frog mortality?
A)The chytrid fungus had optimal growth temperatures with cooler days and warmer nights.
B)The frogs could not survive the cooler temperatures during the day.
C)The frogs could not survive the warmer temperatures at night.
D)The chytrid fungus had optimal growth temperatures with warmer days and cooler nights.
E)The frogs' immune systems were suppressed by pollutants,making them more susceptible to infection by chytrid.
Q2) Conservation biologists study the preservation of biodiversity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What was a disadvantage of digging canals in the Everglades?
A)increased cropland
B)increased flooding during hurricanes
C)increased risk of algae blooms
D)increased floodplain wetlands
E)decreased freshwater
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Plant Form and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) If asked how nitrogen becomes available to plants,you would point downward,since nitrogen enters plants
A)through their stomatA.
B)through their leaves.
C)through their roots.
D)through their roots and leaves.
E)through their stomata and leaves.
Q2) The tissue that produces cells to thicken a root or stem is the A)apical meristem.
B)No answer is correct.
C)epidermis.
D)cortex.
E)lateral meristem.
Q3) The attraction of a molecule of one substance,such as water,to a molecule of another substance,such as cellulose in plant cells walls,is A)adhesion.
B)hydrolysis.
C)condensation.
D)cohesion.
E)evaporation.
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Chapter 22: Reproduction and Development of Flowering Plants
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Sample Questions
Q1) The resumption of growth and development after a period of seed dormancy is A)germination.
B)fertilization.
C)pollination.
D)stagnation.
E)transpiration.
Q2) Cytokinins are plant hormones that stimulate the ripening of fruit.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Clover will flower if exposed to 8 hours of dark and 16 hours of light.It will not flower if exposed to 16 hours of dark and 8 hours of light.However,if the 16 hours of dark is interrupted with a brief period of light the clover will flower.Which triggers clover to flower?
A)short dark periods
B)long dark periods
C)short light periods
D)long light periods
Q4) Sporophytes are haploid.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 23: Animal Tissues and Organ Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The tissue that makes up the spinal cord and brain consists of
A)neurons only.
B)platelets and neuroglia.
C)platelets only.
D)neurons and platelets.
E)neurons and neuroglia.
Q2) What is a principal mechanism by which endotherms obtain body heat?
A)generate heat via metabolism
B)seek sunshine
C)bask on warm rocks
D)make an insulated burrow
E)tuck legs into its body
Q3) Our cells use vitamin C to make collagen,and people on a diet deficient in vitamin C have increased risk of small blood vessels rupturing.Which is the best explanation for this observation?
A)Collagen is the connective tissue in blood.
B)Collagen weakens the cells lining blood vessels.
C)Collagen is in the connective tissue surrounding blood vessels.
D)Collagen causes blood vessels to become stiff and more likely to break.
E)Collagen inhibits blood clotting.
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Chapter 24: The Nervous System and the Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) At the snail-shaped _______________,sound is transduced into nerve impulses.
A)auditory canal
B)eardrum
C)auditory nerve
D)cochlea
E)oval window
Q2) Which of the following is not one of the special senses?
A)smell
B)vision
C)taste
D)touch
E)hearing
Q3) The nervous tissue of the central nervous system that consists of neuron cell bodies and synapses is the
A)white matter.
B)white reflex.
C)grey matter.
D)grey reflex.
E)red matter.
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Page 26
Chapter 25: The Endocrine System
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Q1) You would know that you had found endocrine cells if you observed them to secrete hormones into ducts that release the hormones into a body cavity.
A)True
B)False
Q2) BPA would be considered which kind of molecule?
A)a neurotoxin
B)an endocrine disruptor
C)an antibiotic
D)a synthetic hormone
E)a positive feedback stimulator
Q3) A deficiency of iodine in the diet can cause the medical condition known as A)hepatitis.
B)goiter.
C)acromegaly.
D)diabetes.
E)osteoporosis.
Q4) Neurotransmitters and hormones never share the same target cells.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 26: The Skeletal and Muscular Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The process by which an arthropod sheds its exoskeleton in order to grow is called molting.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which is not a function of skeletal muscles?
A)produce heat to keep the body warm
B)yell a command
C)blink
D)kick a ball
E)pump blood through the heart
Q3) If you were told while in medical school working on a cadaver to find a damaged tendon,you might first look for what two things joined together?
A)muscle;bone
B)ligaments;bone
C)muscle;muscle
D)bone;bone
E)cartilage;bone
Q4) The precursor of bone is cartilage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 27: The Circulatory and Respiratorysystems
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concentration of oxygen is decreased at high altitude.Why would this make it harder for a person to get enough oxygen into their blood?
A)Hemoglobin cannot bind oxygen well at low concentrations.
B)The concentration gradient from the alveoli to the blood decreases.
C)People are working harder at high altitude and have higher demands for oxygen.
D)The concentration of oxygen in the blood is too low for diffusion into tissues.
E)The heart cannot obtain enough energy to pump oxygen into the blood from the alveoli.
Q2) Blood
A)is a liquid connective tissue.
B)delivers food to the cells of the body.
C)delivers oxygen to the cells of the body.
D)helps remove wastes from the body.
E)All answers are correct.
Q3) Each alveolus of the lung is a small sac with a wall of epithelial tissue that is many layers thick,thereby providing structural support for the air sacs.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 28: The Digestive and Urinary Systems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cells often use ______________________ to move ions against their concentration gradient.
A)simple diffusion
B)facilitated diffusion
C)active transport
D)osmosis
E)cilia
Q2) The renal vein transports oxygen-rich blood to the kidney.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which disease is caused by a deficiency of vitamin D?
A)rickets
B)scurvy
C)blindness
D)pellagra
E)anemia
Q4) Heterotrophs must eat to obtain some organic compounds.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 29: The Immune System
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Sample Questions
Q1) What would occur if the lymphatic system was absent?
A)Cancer would not spread as quickly because cancerous cells would not be transported by the lymphatic system,nor stored in lymph nodes.
B)Bacteria located in the body would not be destroyed if they were not in the blood.
C)Viruses located in the body would not be destroyed if they were not in the blood.
D)Cancer cells located in the body would not be destroyed if they were not in the blooD.
E)All answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following vaccines would expose a person to an antigen for the longest time,and thus be the least likely to require repeated booster vaccinations?
A)an inactivated pathogen
B)inactivated toxins
C)subunits of pathogens
D)a live weakened pathogen
E)individual proteins from pathogens
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Chapter 30: Animal Reproduction and Development
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/53503
Sample Questions
Q1) What is the ideal outcome of the human reproductive system?
A)to create individuals better suited to the environment than the existing individuals
B)to create diploid gametes
C)to break down foreign invaders and pathogens in any location in the body
D)to remove foreign invaders and pathogens entering through the genitals
E)All answers are correct.
Q2) Although impossible in humans,what is the result if two sperm fertilized an egg?
A)a haploid zygote with one-third of the total chromosomes from each gamete
B)a diploid zygote with one-half of the total chromosomes from each gamete
C)a diploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
D)a triploid zygote with all of the chromosomes from each gamete
E)identical twins
Q3) In organisms that reproduce sexually,________ are the sex cells that carry the genetic information from each parent.
A)diploid zygotes
B)haploid zygotes
C)haploid gametes
D)diploid gametes
E)diploid hormones
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