Foundations of Art Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Foundations of Art introduces students to the essential concepts, techniques, and historical contexts that form the basis of visual art. Through a combination of studio practice and theoretical study, learners will explore fundamental elements such as line, shape, color, texture, and composition, while cultivating observational skills and creative problem-solving abilities. The course encourages experimentation with a variety of materials and methods, fostering an understanding of both traditional and contemporary artistic practices. Students will also engage in critical analysis and reflective discussions to deepen their appreciation and knowledge of arts role in society and culture.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Art 11th Edition by Lois Fichner-Rathus
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Chapter 1: Understanding Art
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Q1) For most of the history of art,the __________is recognizable or at least reflects some sort of visual experience.
A) content
B) humanism
C) narrative
D) iconography
E) subject
Answer: E
Q2) One of the best ways to illustrate stylistic differences between works of art is to choose several works that have a __________.
A) similar size
B) common form
C) common context
D) common composition
E) common theme
Answer: E
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3
Chapter 2: Line and Shape
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Q1) Edward Weston's Dunes,Oceano highlights the aesthetic possibilities of
A) contour lines
B) outlines
C) colors
D) illusions
E) flat lines
Answer: A
Q2) Light against dark or dark against light create visual differences in ___________.
A) scale
B) shape
C) hue
D) wavelength
E) value
Answer: E
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Chapter 3: Light and Color
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Q1) From the Italian for "light-dark," what term is sometimes used in place of the word modeling?
A) Fresco
B) Chiaroscuro
C) Mezzotint
D) Mandala
E) Tempera
Answer: B
Q2) The colors opposite each other on the color wheel are ____________.
A) tints
B) analogous
C) warm
D) complementary
E) agitated
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Texture and Pattern
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Q1) Name two types of texture.
Q2) Explain the difference between actual texture and visual texture,and provide an artistic example of each.
Q3) Texture can be used in concert with pattern,which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of elements such as_______________.
A) iconography
B) emphasis and mark
C) line, shape, color, or texture
D) cross hatching, and line
E) painting
Q4) Discuss the use of texture in Vincent Van Gogh's Mulberry Tree.
Q5) The goal of visual texture is to simulate the look and feel of actual _________and textures.
A) brushstrokes
B) gouging
C) surfaces
D) lines
E) applications
Q6) What is pattern?
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Chapter 5: Space,Time,and Motion
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Q1) The edges formed by the flesh and muscle in Edward Weston's Knees are best described as __________.
A) contour lines
B) outlines
C) shapes
D) illusions
E) flat lines
Q2) What accounts for spatial complexity in Martina López's Heirs Come to Pass,3?
Q3) Three-dimensional works art of define and occupy ______________-as opposed to illusory-space.
A) linear perspective
B) shape
C) color
D) value
E) actual
Q4) Explain the difference between actual space and implied space,and provide an artistic example of each.
Q5) Futurist artists,like Boccioni,were seduced by what?
Q6) The photograph of the mountain fortress of Machu Picchu illustrates the role of what?
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Chapter 6: Principles of Design
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Q1) Unlike two-dimensional compositions,three-dimensional objects,such as sculptures,often have __________.
A) pictorial balance
B) rhythm
C) symmetry
D) actual balance
E) visual weight
Q2) Provide two artistic examples fromChapter 6 in which the scale of the objects in the compositions have been distorted.
Q3) More typically,symmetrical balance is created through _____________,in which the whole of the work has a symmetrical feeling.
A) approximate symmetry
B) conceptual unity
C) extreme unity
D) horizontal balance
E) radial balance
Q4) Explain the concept of hierarchical scale,and provide two examples of how it has been depicted in art.
Q5) How is repetition used in Andy Warhol's Ethel Scull Thirty-Six Times.
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Chapter 7: Drawing
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Q1) In metalpoint drawings,the drawing surface must be coated with a ground of
A) bone dust or chalk mixed with gum
B) gum mixed with pigment
C) bone dust or chalk mixed with gum, water, and pigment
D) charcoal mixed with gum and pigment
E) bone dust or chalk mixed with gum and pigment
Q2) __________ artists are masters of the brush-and-ink medium.They have used it for centuries for all types of __________.
A) Chinese; drawings
B) Italian; preparatory sketches
C) Japanese; calligraphy
D) Japanese; woodblocks
E) Japanese; everyday writings
Q3) Pen and ink are used to create drawings that are essentially __________.
A) tonal
B) smudged
C) modeled
D) linear
E) agitated
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Chapter 8: Painting
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Q1) Contemporary watercolor is referred to as __________,made up of pigments and a vehicle of __________.
A) gouache; gum arabic
B) tempera; milk and tree sap
C) acrylic; synthetic resin
D) aquarelle; gum arabic
E) watercolor; water
Q2) Discuss the cultural tensions symbolized in Roger Shimomura's Untitled painting.
Q3) __________ is a mixture of pigment and a plastic vehicle that can be thinned with water.
A) Tempera
B) Aquarelle
C) Gouache
D) Gum arabic
E) Acrylic
Q4) Considering the advantages and disadvantages of each medium,do you think oil or acrylic is the better medium?
Q5) What are the advantages and limitations of working in tempera?
Q6) From what sources do pigments derive their many colors?
Q7) List seven commonly used paint vehicles.
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Chapter 9: Printmaking and Graphic Design
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Q1) Mezzotint is rarely used because__________.
A) the plates are too expensive
B) it yields very few prints
C) the resulting prints are inferior
D) few artists are familiar with the process
E) it is a painstaking and time consuming procedure
Q2) The working surface from which a print is made is called a __________.
A) metal plate
B) matrix
C) ground
D) palette
E) screen
Q3) Explain how the addition of drypoint can change and enhance the appearance of an engraving.
Q4) Describe the processes involved in producing a wood engraving and the range of effects that can be achieved.
Q5) Compare and contrast the intaglio processes of engraving and etching.
Q6) Describe the intaglio printmaking process and identify the most common types.
Q7) Describe the process by which Alex Katz's Red Coat was created.
Q8) List two reasons why printmaking is an important artistic medium.
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Chapter 10: Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts
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Q1) A(n)__________ magnifies faraway objects and collapses the spaces between ordinarily distant objects.
A) telephoto lens
B) f-stop
C) wide-angle lens
D) digital lens
E) aperture
Q2) After the daguerreotype,the next major advance in the history of photography was the development of the __________ process,an example of which is Young Lady with an Umbrella.
A) wet-plate
B) contact print
C) autochrome
D) heliographic
E) gelatin-silver
Q3) Discuss some of the technological advances in computer graphics that have greatly expanded the horizons and achievements of artists.
Q4) What is one of the major keys to success for a photojournalist?
Q5) What is a camera obscura,and how was it used by Renaissance artists?
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Chapter
11:
Sculpture, Installation, Site-Specific Art, and 3d Design
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Q1) Compare and contrast the visual and emotional effects engendered by Michelangelo's The Cross-Legged Captive with Louise Bourgeois's Portrait of Robert.
Q2) In sculptural works such as Gay Liberation,George Segal produces__________ replicas of people.
A) bronze
B) plaster
C) wax
D) delicate
E) wood
Q3) Referring to sculptures such as __________,art critic Robert Hughes said such works were "everything that statues had not been: not monolithic,but open,not cast or carved,but assembled from flat planes."
A) Bourgeois's Portrait of Robert
B) Degas's The Little Dancer
C) Nakian's Europa and the Bull with Cupid
D) Picasso's Mandolin and Clarinet
E) Rodin's The Walking Man
Q4) In spirit and style,which of Picasso's two-dimensional works were very similar to his constructed sculpture?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Craft Arts
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Q1) The __________ developed the process of glass blowing and thus made __________ commonplace.
A) Egyptians; windows
B) Chinese; paperweights
C) Romans; glass vessels
D) Greeks; mirrors
E) Phoenicians; glass drinking vessels
Q2) Explain how the magnificent Roman Portland Vase was created.
Q3) The botanical forms of __________ are considered some of the finest examples of Art Nouveau glass.
A) Cellini
B) Toulouse-Lautrec
C) Whistler
D) Mapping and Webb
E) Tiffany
Q4) Discuss the allegorical significance of Benvenuto Cellini's gold Saltcellar of Francis I.
Q5) Compare and contrast Melvyn Firmager's Untitled and David Ellsworth's Vessel in terms of the versatility of wood.
Q6) List five things that can be done with molten glass.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Architecture and Urban Design
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Q1) The Native American dwellings at Mesa Verde,Colorado,used __________ as part of the back support for more than 100 rectangular __________.
A) forests; houses
B) cliff walls; apartments
C) earth flooring; kivas
D) stones; huts
E) adobe; temples
Q2) __________ are constructed by placing barrel vaults at right angles to cover a square space known as a __________.
A) Arches; vault
B) Ribs; clerestory
C) Groin vaults; bay
D) Pendentives; pier
E) Domes; voussoir
Q3) What is the definition of architecture?
Q4) Explain why an architect must be not only an artist but also a mediator and compromiser.What are some of the variables that must be dealt with by an architect?
Q5) What is Le Corbusier's Chapel of Notre Dame du Haut an example of?
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Chapter 14: Art of the Ancient World
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Q1) It was during the Neolithic period that __________ monuments were erected,and the most famous example is __________.
A) architectural; the Great Pyramids
B) Mesolithic; the Ziggurat at Ur
C) monolithic; Stonehenge
D) megalithic; Stonehenge
E) Sumerian; the Ziggurat at Ur
Q2) The Stele of Hammurabi depicts the Babylonian ruler Hammurabi gaining inspiration for his codified laws from the god(dess)__________.
A) Abu
B) Horus
C) Ishtar
D) Shamash
E) Hathor
Q3) Art historian Erwin Panofsky stated that the artistic intention of the Egyptians was "directed not toward the variable,but toward the constant,not toward the symbolization of the vital present,but toward the realization of a timeless eternity." Using the statue of Khafre as an example,justify this statement.
Q4) What were the Fertile Crescent and the Fertile Ribbon?
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Chapter 15: Greece, Rome, and the Early Judeo-Christian World
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Q1) Describe the essential features of the Doric,Ionic,and Corinthian orders and how and when they were used.
Q2) Explain the Greek use of color on sculpture.
Q3) Describe the Phidian style of sculpture as typified in The Three Goddesses.Identify the location and subject matter of Phidias's sculptural program for the Parthenon.
Q4) Illustrate how the areas and peoples that were conquered by Roman expansionism actually benefited from subsequent urban planning.
Q5) The stylized faces of the man and wife represented on the Etruscan Sarcophagus from Cerveteri were most likely influenced by __________ sculpture.
A) Geometric
B) Archaic
C) Classical
D) Hellenistic
E) Golden Age
Q6) Discuss the technique of creating a black-figure vase,including the three-stage firing process.How were red-figure vases produced?
Q7) What has been the fate of the Parthenon since the Age of Pericles?
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Age of Faith
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Q1) The iconography of the stylized,doll-like figures on the Weighing of Souls tympanum from the Cathedral of Autun was intended to convey pictorially __________.
A) the mercy of God
B) repentance through prayer
C) fear
D) comfort and healing
E) everlasting life in heaven
Q2) The first centuries after the death of Jesus,before Emperor Constantine proclaimed religious tolerance for Christians,were known as the __________.
A) Dark Ages
B) Period of Persecution
C) Period of Recognition
D) Period of Non-Recognition
E) Early Christian period
Q3) What did the Edict of Milan declare?
Q4) Describe the style and subject matter of the tympanum on the Cathedral of Autun and explain its intended purpose.
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Chapter 17: The Renaissance
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Q1) The word __________ is derived from the French and means rebirth.
A) Mannerism
B) Renaissance
C) Baroque
D) Archaic
E) Resurrection
Q2) Considered a true Renaissance man,__________ excelled in engineering,the natural sciences,anatomy,music,and technological prototypes,not to mention creating some of the world's best loved paintings.
A) Leonardo da Vinci
B) Michelangelo
C) Raphael
D) Bramante
E) Piero della Francesca
Q3) Describe the social and economic changes that occurred which brought about the Renaissance.
Q4) Describe the classical design of Alberti's Palazzo Rucellai.
Q5) Using the Madonna of the Rocks as an example,trace the changes that occurred in the representation of the Virgin and Child from the proto-Renaissance to the High Renaissance.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Baroque ERA
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Q1) Which of the following historical personalities is not associated with the Enlightenment?
A) Rene Descartes
B) Isaac Newton
C) King Louis XVI
D) John Locke
E) Benjamin Franklin
Q2) Which of the following was not a Baroque addition to St.Peter's?
A) The Latin Cross plan
B) The façade
C) The Sistine Chapel
D) The Cathedra Petri
E) The piazza
Q3) In his Syndics of the Draper's Guild,Rembrandt captures the men just as
A) someone outside the canvas enters the room
B) they are finishing their meeting
C) one of them is leaving the room
D) dinner is being served
E) their meeting is called to order
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Chapter 19: The Modern ERA
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Q1) What was modern about the "new" art of the late-18th century in France was its concept of __________.The first period of modern art to use planar recession was __________.
A) color; Realism
B) space; Neoclassicism
C) texture; Impressionism
D) line; Romanticism
E) light; Expressionism
Q2) Architect Benjamin Latrobe was responsible for which of the following designs?
A) The layout of the boulevards and vistas in Washington, DC
B) The layout of Arlington National cemetery
C) The designs for the University of Virginia
D) The design for the Oval Office
E) The design for the Washington Monument
Q3) Explain Gustave Courbet's approach to painting and how and why it was viewed so negatively by critics and the public.
Q4) Describe the tragedy that occurred with the Medusa,and explain why Theodore Gericault chose to depict the event.
Q5) Compare and contrast Titian's Venus of Urbino with Manet's Olympia.
Q6) Who were the American Expatriates?
Page 21
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Chapter 20: The Twentieth Century: The Early Years
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Q1) Explain why Charles Demuth belonged to a group of artists known as the "Cubo-Realists."
Q2) The term Cubism,coined by a hostile critic,is limiting because it is an inadequate description that ignores the movement's most significant contribution: a new treatment of pictorial space that __________.
A) juxtaposed unrelated objects into odd situations
B) was composed of linear patterning
C) used color to create a sense of depth
D) delineated shapes and depth with blocks of thickly applied paint
E) rendered objects from multiple and radically different views
Q3) Describe Naum Gabo's Column and the Constructivist aesthetic and theory behind it.
Q4) Henri Matisse consolidated all of the following influences into his Fauvist canvases except __________.
A) a traditional compositional structure learned from Bouguereau
B) the copying of Old Masters in the Louvre
C) the stark realism of Courbet
D) a loose brushwork reminiscent of Impressionism
E) a palette inspired by color theories of the Postimpressionists
Q5) What did the Dadaists declare about art?
Page 22
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Chapter 21: The Twentieth Century: Postwar to Postmodern
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Q1) One major tenet of Pop Art is that the work should be so objective,commercialized,and mundane that it eliminates the __________.
A) nature of the medium
B) need to find meaning in it
C) personal signature of the artist
D) sense of joy and discovery
E) traditional relationship between form and content
Q2) Feminist artist Ana Mendieta draped her body in mud for her performance piece Arbol de la Vida.In terms of its visual impact,most viewers who saw it were likely __________ by its extraordinary contrasts of texture.
A) sickened
B) shocked
C) amused
D) saddened
E) bored
Q3) Describe the architectural movement known as Postmodernism,and provide two examples.
Q4) Where and when did Pop art originate; who was one of its first creators; and what artist influenced him?
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Chapter 22: Art Now: A Global Perspective
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Q1) How does hybridity integrate high art and low art? Use examples.
Q2) Explain how Takashi Murakami works often aim to reconcile "high art" and "low culture." Also,make a case as to whether or not he should be considered a Pop artist.
Q3) In Cuban artist Alexandre Arrechea's Elementos Arquitectronicos,his primary theme seems to relate to __________.
A) the reemergence of Cuba
B) a sense of quiet desperation
C) the identity of the laborer
D) the relationship between immigrants and outsiders
E) the capital city of Havana
Q4) Briefly describe the political,economic,and cultural subjugation depicted in Miguel Luciano's Plantano Pride.
Q5) Describe the link between globalization and what is known as the postcolonial condition.
Q6) What has the phenomenon of globalization created?
Q7) Discuss the cultural issues that Iranian artist Shirin Neshat addresses in works such as Passage.
Q8) Explain why artists use appropriation in contemporary art.Use examples.
Page 24
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