Foundations of Art Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Foundations of Art introduces students to the fundamental principles, techniques, and concepts that form the basis of visual art. Through hands-on projects, lectures, and critiques, students explore elements such as line, shape, texture, color, space, and composition. Emphasis is placed on developing observational skills, creative problem-solving, and an understanding of historical and contemporary art practices. This course encourages personal expression while building essential skills needed for more advanced study in the visual arts.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Art 11th Edition by Lois Fichner-Rathus
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22 Chapters
660 Verified Questions
660 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Understanding Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does an artist create nonobjective art?
Answer: An artist creates nonobjective art by focusing on the use of color, shape, line, and form to create a composition that does not represent any recognizable objects or figures. This type of art is often created through a process of experimentation and exploration, allowing the artist to express their emotions, ideas, and concepts in a purely abstract form. Nonobjective art can be created using a variety of mediums, including painting, sculpture, and digital art, and often involves a high degree of creativity and imagination. The artist may also draw inspiration from their surroundings, personal experiences, or the world around them to inform their nonobjective creations. Overall, the process of creating nonobjective art involves a deep understanding of the elements and principles of art, as well as a willingness to push the boundaries of traditional representation.
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3
Chapter 2: Line and Shape
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Sample Questions
Q1) Three-dimensional shadows can be created by the use of dots and lines.List three methods for shading and contouring in this manner.
Answer: 1. Stippling: This method involves creating shadows and contours by using small dots. The density and spacing of the dots can be varied to create different levels of shading and depth.
2. Hatching and Cross-Hatching: This technique involves using closely spaced parallel lines (hatching) or a combination of parallel lines intersecting at different angles (cross-hatching) to create shadows and contours. By varying the direction, length, and density of the lines, different effects can be achieved.
3. Pointillism: This method involves using small, distinct dots of color to create an image. By varying the size and density of the dots, three-dimensional effects can be achieved, creating shadows and contours.
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Chapter 3: Light and Color
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Sample Questions
Q1) A triangular glass solid that breaks down sunlight or white light into different colors is called a ___________.
A) lens
B) kaleidoscope
C) prism
D) oculus
E) crystal
Answer: C
Q2) The brightness or ____________of a color is its saturation.
A) hue
B) value
C) dullness
D) intensity
E) color
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Texture and Pattern
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name two types of texture.
Q2) Actual texture is primarily experienced through the sense of ___________.
A) sight
B) taste
C) touch
D) hearing
E) smell
Q3) Texture can be used in concert with pattern,which is a design based on the repetition or grouping of elements such as_______________.
A) iconography
B) emphasis and mark
C) line, shape, color, or texture
D) cross hatching, and line
E) painting
Q4) Actual texture is related to the ________used to create the work.
A) materials
B) colors
C) lights
D) ideas
E) concepts
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Space,Time,and Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) ________________refers to formal systems developed by artists to portray three-dimensional objects in two-dimensional space.
A) Actual perspective
B) Outline perspective
C) Linear perspective
D) Curved perspective
E) Heavy perspective
Q2) Sculptor Alexander Calder is known for his mobiles,which are excellent examples of
A) pop art
B) conceptual art
C) op art
D) kinetic art
E) performance art
Q3) How does Bernini's sculpture David make use of implied motion and implied time?
Q4) Discuss the use of relative size in Martina López's Heirs Come to Pass,3.
Q5) What accounts for spatial complexity in Martina López's Heirs Come to Pass,3?
Q6) Explain the difference between actual space and implied space,and provide an artistic example of each.
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Chapter 6: Principles of Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike two-dimensional compositions,three-dimensional objects,such as sculptures,often have __________.
A) pictorial balance
B) rhythm
C) symmetry
D) actual balance
E) visual weight
Q2) Symmetry can be found in which of the following?
A) The United States Capitol building
B) Niki de Saint-Phalle's Black Venus
C) Marisol's Baby Girl
D) Leonardo da Vinci's Proportion of the Human Figure
E) Claes Oldenburg's Clothespin
Q3) Michelangelo maximizes the root five rectangle components when he painted the
A) School of Athens
B) Sistine Chapel ceiling
C) Last Supper
D) Cornaro Chapel ceiling
E) Ecstasy of St. Theresa
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Chapter 7: Drawing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Identify and discuss the different categories of drawings,and provide an artistic example from each category.
Q2) Which of the following drawing materials cannot be smudged or rubbed for a hazy effect?
A) charcoal
B) metalpoint
C) pencil
D) chalk
E) pastel
Q3) Claudio Bravo's Package is an excellently executed trompe l'oeil drawing that presents the illusion of a package wrapped in __________.
A) newspaper
B) crumpled brown paper and string
C) holiday paper and a bow
D) metallic foil
E) gauze and tape
Q4) Who advised artists to keep a "little book of leaves" and sketch what they saw in order to serve their future plans?
Q5) Explain the evolution of the pencil and how it is now made.
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Chapter 8: Painting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is a gesso surface needed to prepare tempera and oil paintings?
Q2) From what sources do pigments derive their many colors?
Q3) In Giotto's fourteenth-century painting Lamentation,seams can clearly be seen that break the blue sky into numerous sections.This occurred because of the ___________.
A) desire of the artist
B) limitations of oil painting
C) limitations of tempera
D) limitations of fresco
E) limitations of watercolor
Q4) Pop artist Roy Lichtenstein's portrait George Washington is an oil-on-canvas image that most resembles a(n)__________.
A) three-dimensional president
B) psychological study
C) unfinished effort
D) comic-book hero
E) expressionist portrayal
Q5) What advantages does canvas have over wood as a painting surface?
Q6) Discuss the cultural tensions symbolized in Roger Shimomura's Untitled painting.
Q7) What are the advantages of painting with oils?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Printmaking and Graphic Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lithography,invented in the beginning of the nineteenth century by a German playwright,is a planographic,or __________,printing process in which a __________ is used.
A) relief; metal plate
B) surface; wooden block
C) screen; silkscreen
D) surface; stone slab
E) surface; flattened plaster
Q2) Etching is an intaglio process in which the plates are covered with ink,which is forced into the linear depression.The plate is passed through a(n)__________.
A) acid bath that etches the exposed areas of the matrix
B) alkaline bath that etches the exposed areas of the matrix
C) printing press
D) acid bath that etches the unexposed areas of the matrix
E) alkaline bath that etches the unexposed areas of the matrix
Q3) Describe the process of creating a mezzotint engraving.
Q4) How is it possible to produce gauffrage,or inkless intaglio prints?
Q5) List five types of intaglio printmaking.
Q6) Describe the process by which Alex Katz's Red Coat was created.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Imaging: Photography, Film, Video, and Digital Arts
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Sample Questions
Q1) By the 1850s,photographic portrait studios became quite popular and began to serve the needs of __________.
A) the aristocracy
B) famous novelists
C) wealthy merchants
D) a growing middle class
E) famous actresses
Q2) List four things that influence the nature of the artist-photographer's creative product.
Q3) Discuss some of the technological advances in computer graphics that have greatly expanded the horizons and achievements of artists.
Q4) What is a camera obscura,and how was it used by Renaissance artists?
Q5) The Artist's Studio,taken in 1837,was the first photograph of its kind and was produced on silver-plated copper by __________.
A) Niepce
B) Talbot
C) Lumière
D) Nadar
E) Daguerre
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Chapter 11: Sculpture, Installation,
Site-Specific Art, and 3d Design
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Q1) Louise Nevelson said,"I began using found objects.I had all this wood lying around and I began to move it around,I began to compose." Nevelson's compositions are considered __________.
A) assemblages
B) ready-mades
C) collages
D) relief sculptures
E) earthworks
Q2) In the lost wax process,molten metal is poured into a fire-resistant mold known as a(n)__________.
A) kiln
B) cast
C) shell
D) inner core
E) investiture
Q3) In spirit and style,which of Picasso's two-dimensional works were very similar to his constructed sculpture?
Q4) Provide one explanation as to why Egyptian stone figures appear simplified and blocky.
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Q5) Compare and contrast George Segal's Gay Liberation and Louise Bourgeois's Eyes.
Chapter 12: Craft Arts
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Q1) The __________ process utilizes a series of dye baths and wax applications to create a design on fabric.
A) embroidery
B) batik
C) tie-dye
D) wood block printing
E) hand printing
Q2) Which of the following types of ceramics is fired at the lowest temperature?
A) Earthenware
B) Stoneware
C) Terra cotta
D) Porcelain
E) Chinese porcelain
Q3) Textile art make what two types of objects?
Q4) Compare and contrast Claudi Casanovas's Block #43 and Harumi Nakashima's Porcelain Form.
Q5) According to the Roman historian Pliny the Elder,how was glassmaking discovered?
Q6) Compare and contrast Melvyn Firmager's Untitled and David Ellsworth's Vessel in terms of the versatility of wood.
Q7) List five things that can be done with molten glass.
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Chapter 13: Architecture and Urban Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) What was the Crystal Palace; how was it built; what was it used for; and what was Joseph Paxton's inspiration?
Q2) Richard Morris Hunt's Griswold House,built in 1863,was designed in the short-lived __________ style.Its exterior treatment resembled an assemblage of matchsticks with many turrets,gables,and dormers.
A) Cape Cod
B) Salt Box
C) Romanesque
D) Bungalow
E) Stick
Q3) __________ designed a type of shell architecture for the American Pavilion at Expo 67 in Montreal,known as the __________.
A) Philip Johnson; coffered dome
B) Ludwig Miës van der Rohe; shell dome
C) Buckminster Fuller; geodesic dome
D) Eero Saarinen; TWA dome
E) Moshe Safdie; habitat dome
Q4) Why can rounded arches enclose only square bays,and what adjustment must be made to obtain a rectangular bay?
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Chapter 14: Art of the Ancient World
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Q1) In New Kingdom Egypt,Amenhotep IV started a revolution in both religion and the arts when he changed his name to Akhenaton to honor the sun god and became a __________.The period of his reign is known as the __________.
A) polytheist; Aton period
B) high priest; Sun period
C) theist; Nefertiti period
D) monotheist; Amarna period
E) pseudo-god; Hyskos period
Q2) What were the Fertile Crescent and the Fertile Ribbon?
Q3) The art and architecture of the Mycenaean civilization reflects a preoccupation with __________ because,unlike Crete,it lacked the natural defense of a surrounding sea.
A) defense
B) dolphins and sea life
C) shaft graves
D) bronze
E) lions
Q4) Compare and contrast the art and architecture of the Sumerians with that of the Assyrians.
Q5) Identify three aspects of Egyptian art and life that are unique to that culture.
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Chapter 15: Greece, Rome, and the Early Judeo-Christian World
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is Classical Art?
Q2) Summarize the four philosophies of the Greeks that formulated their attitude toward life.
Q3) The François Vase,with black figures on a reddish background,is an example of the __________ painting technique and was produced during the __________ period of Greek art.
A) red-figure; Classical
B) black-figure; Geometric
C) red-figure; Archaic
D) red-figure; Geometric
E) black-figure; Archaic
Q4) The stylized faces of the man and wife represented on the Etruscan Sarcophagus from Cerveteri were most likely influenced by __________ sculpture.
A) Geometric
B) Archaic
C) Classical
D) Hellenistic
E) Golden Age
Q5) What was the Ara Pacis,and when and why did Augustus have it constructed?
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Chapter 16: The Age of Faith
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Q1) In St.Sernin,the ceiling structure is a stone barrel vault,which was necessary for
A) accoustics
B) fenestration
C) temperature control
D) fireproofing
E) square schematism
Q2) The most striking feature of the Great Mosque at Samarra,Iraq,is the spiral __________,from which a crier known as a __________ called followers to prayer at certain hours.
A) tower; imam
B) minaret; muezzin
C) mihrab; muezzin
D) minaret; imam
E) stupa; yakshi
Q3) Compare and contrast the various styles represented in the jamb figures of Reims Cathedral.
Q4) Explain where the term Byzantine comes from,when and where its art was produced,and how it differs from Early Christian art.
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Chapter 17: The Renaissance
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Q1) The realism,symbolism,and complicated imagery found in Northern Renaissance paintings originated in and was influenced by __________.
A) mosaics
B) classical sculpture
C) migration carvings
D) manuscript illumination
E) stained glass
Q2) Describe the classical design of Alberti's Palazzo Rucellai.
Q3) The May calendar page of Les Très Riches Heures was a page from a __________,rendered in an ornate,courtly style known as __________.
A) Gospel book; Baroque
B) Psalter; the Madonna style
C) Breviary; the Florentine style
D) Missal; the Flemish style
E) Book of Hours; the International Style
Q4) List the characteristics that separate Mannerist art from the art of the Renaissance and the Baroque periods.
Q5) Explain how Titian uses color as a compositional device in his Venus of Urbino.
Q6) Compare and contrast Donatello's David with Verrocchio's David.
Page 19
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Chapter 18: The Baroque ERA
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Q1) Describe how Peter Paul Rubens conveys space,time,and theatricality in The Rape of the Daughters of Leucippus.
Q2) The Baroque era was born in __________,at least in part as a reaction to the spread of Protestantism resulting from the __________.
A) Florence; Catholic Counter-Reformation
B) Rome; Reformation
C) Madrid; papacy
D) Flanders; rise of the middle class
E) Paris; French Revolution
Q3) In the Baroque period,England's most significant contribution to the arts was in the realm of __________.
A) architecture
B) painting
C) sculpture
D) tapestries
E) printmaking
Q4) Summarize Bernini's extensive contributions to both the interior and exterior of St.Peter's.
Q5) What are the five major characteristics of Baroque art?
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Chapter 19: The Modern ERA
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Q1) The famous Neoclassical painter __________ painted herself into her allegorical work entitled The Artist in the Character of Design Listening to the Inspiration of Poetry.
A) Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun
B) Maria Cosway
C) Angelica Kauffman
D) Patience Wright
E) Marguerite Gerard
Q2) Explain why Édouard Manet's Le Déjeuner sur l'Herbe is considered a pivotal work in the rise of the Impressionist movement and what about it was so shocking to the average Parisian.
Q3) Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec's deformity led to an alienation from his family,so he instead found a home in __________,as depicted in At the Moulin Rouge.
A) Arles with van Gogh
B) the streets of Paris with the homeless
C) an asylum in Paris
D) the seamy outskirts of Paris
E) the cabarets, cafes, and bordellos of Paris
Q4) Who were the American Expatriates?
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Page 21
Chapter 20: The Twentieth Century: The Early Years
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Q1) Wassily Kandinsky,a major proponent of __________,is recognized as the first painter of __________.
A) Die Brücke
B) Der Blaue Reiter
C) The New Objectivity
D) De Stijl
E) Synthetic Cubism
Q2) Discuss how modern artists,beginning with Gustave Courbet,managed to persist despite hostile criticism from the art establishment.
Q3) Explain why Charles Demuth belonged to a group of artists known as the "Cubo-Realists."
Q4) What event drove major refugee artists to the United States,thereby moving the center of the art world to New York?
Q5) Explain the subject matter of Guernica and how Picasso used his huge mural to express the "brutality and darkness" of war.
Q6) What did the Dadaists declare about art?
Q7) Explain the difference between Illusionistic Surrealism and Automatist Surrealism,and provide an example of each.
Page 22
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Chapter 21: The Twentieth Century: Postwar to Postmodern
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Q1) Explain the origin of the Deconstructivist movement and how its tenets have been translated into Deconstructivist architecture.
Q2) Identify five artistic influences that converged in New York City in the twentieth century to produce an artistic melting pot that inspired the Abstract Expressionist movement.
Q3) What now famous art college did Robert Rauschenberg and Jasper Johns attend?
Q4) Mark Rothko is renowned for his __________.
A) symbolic pictographs
B) large, hard-edged black rectangles
C) large, hazy-edged color field rectangles
D) shaped canvases
E) Pop Art
Q5) Describe the architectural movement known as Postmodernism,and provide two examples.
Q6) What was Womanhouse? Describe it and explain why it was important for women artists.
Q7) Jackson Pollock was in psychoanalysis when he was producing his drip paintings.What influence might this have had on his art?
Q8) Explain how Mark Rothko's depression affected his color field canvases.
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Chapter 22: Art Now: A Global Perspective
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Q1) What does the contemporary art of artists of or from the Middle East often reflect?
Q2) Vik Muniz embraces the concept of ____________.
A) hybridity
B) pop
C) cubism
D) abstraction
E) expressionism
Q3) Which of the following is not an example of globalization?
A) A war around the globe finds its way into living rooms.
B) New York is the center of the art world.
C) One stock market affects all stock markets.
D) China's air pollution flows into California.
E) Cellular phones and the Internet allow for instant communication.
Q4) Appropriation artist Vik Muniz is known for using ________________?
A) kitsch
B) balls
C) junk
D) mufflers
E) old posters
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