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Foundations of American Society Test Questions - 1624 Verified Questions

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Foundations of American Society Test Questions

Course Introduction

This course explores the essential historical, social, and cultural elements that have shaped American society from its colonial origins to the present day. Students will examine the development of key American institutions, values, and identities, considering topics such as democracy, immigration, race, gender, and the economy. Through analysis of primary sources and scholarly works, the course provides a framework for understanding the complex forces and events that have influenced American life and continue to impact contemporary society.

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Created Equal A History of the United States Volume 1 5th Edition by Jacqueline Jones

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Chapter 1: First Founders

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Q1) What was the primary motive behind the wars launched by the Aztec against their neighbors?

A) to gain tribute and prisoners to sacrifice to their gods

B) to gain territory

C) to spread their religion

D) to establish the largest and most powerful empire the world had ever known

Answer: A

Q2) Amerigo's Vespucci description of the Americas as the "New World" __________.

A) reaffirmed what Columbus had claimed

B) demonstrated that he did not believe Columbus had landed in Asia

C) was rejected by almost all mapmakers

D) was a mere rhetorical flourish and was not intended to be taken seriously

Answer: B

Q3) A Viking expedition led by __________ reached Greenland in the 980s.

A) William the Conqueror

B) Erik the Red

C) Leif Erikson

D) Henry the Navigator

Answer: B

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Chapter 2: European Footholds in North America, 1600-1660

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Q1) Which of the following hindered Jamestown's early development?

A) the large number of gentlemen among the early arrivals

B) the large number of women among the early arrivals

C) the absence of a contractual relationship between the settlers and the Virginia Company

D) the large number of settlers who arrived in the first two years

Answer: A

Q2) The Antinomian Crisis pitted Anne Hutchinson and her supporters against __________ and his supporters.

A) Roger Williams

B) John Winthrop

C) John Smith

D) William Bradshaw

Answer: B

Q3) __________ founded the colony of Rhode Island

A) John Rolfe

B) William Bradford

C) Roger Williams

D) John Winthrop

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Controlling the Edges of the Continent, 1660-1715

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Q1) In Salem, witchcraft hysteria resulted in __________ executions.

A) 5

B) 20

C) 62

D) 159

Answer: B

Q2) The Navigation Acts helped spur a decade of warfare between England and __________.

A) France

B) Holland

C) Spain

D) Portugal

Answer: B

Q3) A plan of government drafted by the Carolina proprietors __________.

A) envisioned an egalitarian society

B) mirrored the political and social structure of London

C) gave all adult men the vote

D) tried to recreate the medieval feudal hierarchy

Answer: D

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Chapter 4: African Enslavement: The Terrible Transformation

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Q1) The headright system rewarded planters who purchased African slaves with __________.

A) another slave for free

B) a cash reward

C) a tax break

D) free land

Q2) James Oglethorpe was instrumental in the founding of __________.

A) South Carolina

B) Georgia

C) Alabama

D) Mississippi

Q3) In 1662 Virginia passed a law making __________.

A) it illegal to enslave an Indian

B) it illegal to enslave a Christian

C) slavery a hereditary condition

D) slavery illegal

Q4) What factors fueled the Stono Rebellion?

Q5) Detail the stages experienced by an African, from sale to arriving at a plantation in America.

Q6) What role did African Americans play in Bacon's Rebellion? Page 6

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Chapter 5: Colonial Diversity, 1713-1763

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Q1) New England's fishing, rum, and shipbuilding industries were linked to the

A) Atlantic slave trade

B) growing diversity of the region

C) secularization of the region

D) international tobacco trade

Q2) Nantucket Island off Cape Cod was an important center for the __________ industry.

A) brewing

B) textile

C) rum

D) whaling

Q3) Agriculture in the middle colonies used ___________.

A) free labor exclusively

B) mostly free labor

C) an even mix of free and slave labor

D) mostly slave labor

Q4) Describe the impact of the introduction of horses and guns on the Comanche.

Q5) Discuss the development of the New England economy in the eighteenth century. Why did New Englanders increasingly turn to the sea for their livelihood?

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Chapter 6: The Limits of Imperial Control, 1763-1775

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Q1) Juan Bautista de Anza led the effort to __________.

A) establish an overland route to California

B) subdue the California Indians

C) impose Spanish rule on central California

D) fight off British attempts to establish settlements in California

Q2) What was the Gaspée?

A) a British customs boat

B) a sloop owned by John Hancock

C) a British Man-of-War

D) a French smuggling vessel

Q3) Which of the following strengthened the position of pro-war Indian factions in the Ohio Valley and the Great Lakes region?

A) he Albany Conference

B) the Treaty of Paris

C) the Treaty of Ghent

D) Bacon's Rebellion

Q4) Describe the steps that led to Spanish colonization of the California coast.

Q5) What did British political thinkers mean by "balanced government"? Why did the Real Whigs believe that Britain's balanced government was in danger?

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Chapter 7: Revolutionaries at War, 1775-1783

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Q1) American efforts to take Quebec __________.

A) forced the British to retreat from Boston

B) were crowned with success in early 1776

C) were partially successful

D) ended in defeat and retreat

Q2) Why did the French consider sending thirteen ambassadors to America?

A) because the Articles of Confederation created such a loose alliance among the former colonies

B) because they wanted to make sure to speak with as many important Americans as possible

C) because they were worried that one or more might be killed by the British

D) because they wanted to impress the Americans with the wealth and power of the French government

Q3) How did public pressure lead to the decision to issue the Declaration of Independence?

Q4) In 1777, General Burgoyne led a large British force __________.

A) south from Canada

B) inland through the Carolinas

C) into the Ohio Valley

D) north from Philadelphia

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Chapter 8: New Beginnings: the 1780s

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Q1) The Land Ordinance of 1785 laid out a plan for __________.

A) blocking Spanish expansion in North America

B) distributing land to veterans

C) establishing Congressional districts

D) the organization of the United States' western territory

Q2) Which of the following best characterizes Alexander Hamilton's position at the Constitutional Convention?

A) radically democratic

B) middle of the road

C) moderately democratic

D) extremely conservative

Q3) Describe the key aspects of the postwar economic crisis.

Q4) George Mason suggested the inclusion of __________ in the Constitution.

A) a third legislative body

B) provisions for a standing army

C) a provision outlawing slavery

D) a bill of rights

Q5) How did James Madison select the amendments that would become the Bill of Rights?

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Q6) What was the Newburgh conspiracy and why is it important?

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Chapter 9: Revolutionary Legacies, 1789-1803

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Q1) Alexander Hamilton served as Washington's __________.

A) secretary of state

B) secretary of the treasury

C) secretary of war

D) secretary of the interior

Q2) Which of the following describes a remarkable feature of the election of 1796?

A) Congress had to resolve the deadlock in the electoral college.

B) The winner lost the popular vote.

C) The winners of the presidency and vice presidency were from different parties.

D) The winner was a relatively unknown person.

Q3) The Navy Department and Marine Corps were created in part in response to which of the following?

A) high unemployment among American sailors

B) threats from Great Britain

C) a possible war with France

D) a desire to stimulate the economy of New England

Q4) How did the models offered by Great Britain and France shape American political views?

Q5) Detail the impact of the new political and economic climate on northern blacks.

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Chapter 10: Defending and Expanding the New Nation, 1804-1818

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Q1) How did the institution of slavery change in the first decades of the nineteenth century?

Q2) During the first half of the nineteenth century, which of the following came to predominate in the North?

A) indentured servitude

B) wage labor

C) family labor

D) community labor

Q3) What was the larger direct impact of the slaves' Congo Square music?

A) It served as the basis for the American national anthem.

B) It inspired numerous slave uprisings.

C) It led to many American musical styles.

D) It contributed to the economy of New Orleans.

Q4) Why did slave owners in the Chesapeake increasingly put their slaves to work in crafts like barrel making and yarn spinning?

A) because the slave population of the region was shrinking

B) because the acquisition of work skills increased a slave's value

C) because there was enormous demand for such products in Europe

D) because tobacco was no longer as viable a crop

Q5) In what ways was Speaker of the House Henry Clay typical of the war hawks?

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Chapter 11: Society and Politics in the Age of the Common

Man, 1819-1832

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Q1) __________ was a graduate of the Troy Female Seminary and a tireless advocate of women's rights.

A) Catharine Beecher

B) Emma Willard

C) Elizabeth Cady Stanton

D) Apolonaria Lorenzana

Q2) In his Appeal to the Coloured Citizens of the World, David Walker told his readers that __________.

A) most slaves were happy with their lot in life

B) integration was impossible in America

C) American blacks would be happier in Africa

D) slaves were ready to die for freedom

Q3) The Erie Canal linked the __________ to the East Coast.

A) Great Lakes

B) Ohio River

C) Missouri River

D) Gulf of Mexico

Q4) What led to the Panic of 1819? Why were western farmers particularly hard hit by the depression that followed?

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Q5) What were the core values of early American Victorianism?

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Chapter 12: Peoples in Motion, 1832-1848

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Q1) By 1835, only one out of every __________ Texans was a native Spanish speaker.

A) three

B) five

C) two

D) eight

Q2) How did public education emerge and develop in the 1830s and 1840s?

Q3) __________ defended the African slaves in the Amistad case.

A) Nicholas Biddle

B) Martin Van Buren

C) John Tyler

D) John Quincy Adams

Q4) Between 1800 and 1860, the average price of slaves __________.

A) fell by 50 percent

B) doubled

C) quadrupled

D) increased ten-fold

Q5) What were the key issues in the election of 1844?

Q6) Describe the development of the American antislavery movement in the 1830s.

Q7) Who were the nativists and why did they oppose immigration and immigrants?

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Chapter 13: The Crisis Over Slavery, 1848-1860

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Q1) William Walker sought to __________.

A) set himself up as the president of Nicaragua

B) spark a slave uprising in Virginia

C) corner the world cotton market

D) assassinate President Polk

Q2) What core idea was at the heart of the Republican party?

A) the importance of diversity

B) racial equality

C) opposition to federal intervention in the economy

D) opposition to slavery in the western territories

Q3) Henry David Thoreau's Walden focused on __________.

A) social ties

B) race relations

C) politics

D) nature

Q4) During the 1850s, __________ grew increasingly important in Texas.

A) commercial farming

B) manufacturing

C) subsistence homesteading

D) silver mining

Page 16

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Chapter 14: To Fight to Gain a Country: the Civil War

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Q1) Describe the experience of African American soldiers in the Union army.

Q2) The Confederacy worked to gain recognition from __________.

A) Spain and the Netherlands

B) Britain and France

C) the independent South American nations

D) Austria and Russia

Q3) __________ was elected president of the Confederacy in 1861.

A) Alexander H. Stephens

B) John C. Breckinridge

C) Thomas Jackson

D) Jefferson Davis

Q4) In 1861, the South had __________.

A) most of the nation's textile mills

B) almost no industrial capacity

C) a better railroad network than the North

D) the firm support of Britain

Q5) Why did Lincoln issue the Emancipation Proclamation? What were the practical and symbolic consequences of this decision?

Q6) What sparked the New York City draft riot? What did the riots reveal about northern society during the war?

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Q1) The Civil Rights Act of 1875 guaranteed __________.

A) the right to vote

B) equal access to public accommodations and transportation

C) due process before the law

D) freedom of association

Q2) _____________ was an important leader of the Apache resistance to the federal government.

A) Sitting Bull

B) Black Kettle

C) Crazy Horse

D) Geronimo

Q3) Secretary of State William Seward purchased Alaska from __________ for $7.2 million.

A) France

B) China

C) Britain

D) Russia

Q4) Describe the efforts of freedpeople to build their own communities in the years immediately following the Civil War.

Q5) Describe the Compromise of 1877. What were its consequences?

Page 18

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Chapter

Culture, 1877-1890

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Q1) The invention of the electric streetcar in 1888 permitted cities to __________.

A) become more compact

B) attract immigrants

C) spread out

D) build skyscrapers

Q2) According to the 1880 census, the three cities with the highest percentage of foreign-born residents were Chicago, San Francisco, and __________.

A) Pittsburgh

B) Los Angeles

C) New York

D) Boston

Q3) The Standard Oil company provides a good example of __________.

A) horizontal integration

B) vertical integration

C) decentralized management

D) the American system

Q4) How did department stores reflect the new consumer culture of the late nineteenth century?

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Q5) What is vertical integration? How did Andrew Carnegie apply it to his steel company?

Chapter 17: Challenges to Government and Corporate

Power, 1877-1890

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Q1) __________ claimed that the "New South" was prepared to promote racial reconciliation.

A) Joseph Tape

B) Woodrow Wilson

C) Henry Grady

D) Horace Greeley

Q2) Both the Northern and Southern Alliance pressed for __________.

A) the expansion of the currency supply

B) voting rights for African Americans

C) the gold standard

D) voting rights for women

Q3) In the case of Tape v. Hurley, the California Supreme Court ruled that __________.

A) the San Francisco School Board could not bar the admission of Chinese pupils

B) the California capitation tax levied exclusively on Chinese was illegal

C) Chinese miners were not entitled to basic human rights

D) government officials were not obligated to extend citizenship to Chinese and other Asians

Q4) Why did reformers consider the Indian reservation system a failure? What did they want to put in its place?

Page 20

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Chapter 18: Political and Cultural Conflict in a Decade of

Depression and War: the 1890s

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Q1) In the case of _________, the Supreme Court ruled that segregation was constitutional.

A) Holden v. Hardy

B) Prigg v. Illinois

C) Dred Scott v. Sandford

D) Plessy v. Ferguson

Q2) Mark Hanna and Mark Twain agreed that __________ was insane.

A) Theodore Roosevelt

B) William McKinley

C) William Jennings Bryan

D) Alfred Thayer Mahan

Q3) The 1890 __________ Tariff imposed a high duty on a wide variety of imported goods.

A) Garfield

B) Roosevelt

C) Hawley-Smoot

D) McKinley

Q4) What motives were behind American overseas expansion in the 1890s?

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Q5) What explains why no viable workers' party or socialist movement emerged in late nineteenth-century America?

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Q1) Eugene Debs rose to fame as a result of which of the following?

A) his appointment by Theodore Roosevelt to a cabinet post

B) his arrest following the Haymarket bombing

C) his involvement in the Homestead strike

D) his involvement in the 1894 railroad strike

Q2) Eugenicists claimed that social problems resulted from __________.

A) the high birthrate of immigrants

B) poor public schools

C) governmental indifference

D) economic inequality

Q3) Why was Thomas Edison's kinetoscope significant?

A) It led to the motion picture industry.

B) It led to the telephone.

C) It led to the light bulb.

D) It led to improvements in medical diagnosis.

Q4) What explains the influx of Jewish immigrants between 1880 and 1920?

Q5) Discuss the role of socialism in American politics and the labor movement in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.

Q6) How did Henry Ford revolutionize automobile production?

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Chapter 20: War and Revolution, 1912-1920

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Q1) Which of the following was banned by the Espionage and Sedition Acts?

A) written and verbal organizing against the war

B) material support for the Central Powers

C) travel to and from Germany

D) the sale of war materials to the Central Powers

Q2) Why did Lenin agree to the Brest-Litovsk Treaty?

A) Russia gained substantial territory under the terms of the treaty.

B) He was facing civil war in Russia and needed peace with Germany.

C) Germany agreed to recognize him as Russia's legitimate leader.

D) He benefited financially from the treaty.

Q3) Which of the following was true of the Panama Canal?

A) It was initially opposed by Theodore Roosevelt.

B) It was a financial failure.

C) It was completed in a mere three months.

D) It cut travel time by water from the East Coast to the West Coast of the United States in half.

Q4) How did the federal government and the private sector work together to support the American war effort?

Q5) Why did the United States declare its neutrality at the beginning of World War I?

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Chapter 21: All That Jazz: the 1920s

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Q1) __________ urged black people to establish their own nation-state in Africa.

A) Marcus Garvey

B) Frederick Douglass

C) Ida B. Wells

D) Alain Locke

Q2) Which of the following was part of Warren G. Harding's domestic agenda?

A) increased regulation of industry

B) opposition to prohibition

C) opposition to labor unions

D) civil rights for African Americans

Q3) Which of the following was most likely to have opposed prohibition?

A) a small farmer living in the South

B) a German American living in a big city

C) a Progressive reformer living in a small town

D) a Republican politician running for office in Iowa

Q4) Which of the following helps explain why prohibition failed?

A) There were not enough federal agents to enforce the law.

B) Most "drys" secretly opposed prohibition.

C) It had an enormous negative impact on government revenues.

D) It was supported by unpopular ethnic minorities.

Page 24

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Chapter 22: Hardship and Hope: the Great Depression of the 1930s

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Q1) The "Scottsboro Boys" were accused of __________.

A) rape

B) murder

C) robbery

D) vagrancy

Q2) Herbert Hoover favored __________.

A) high taxes on the very wealthy

B) eliminating the income tax

C) social welfare programs for the poor

D) strict regulation of industry

Q3) What was the purpose of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?

A) to prevent foreclosures on family homes

B) to make government credit available to banks

C) to subsidize farm prices

D) to provide funds for urban renewal

Q4) What caused the sudden derailment of FDR's political plans in 1921?

A) He was embroiled in a financial scandal.

B) The press learned of his extramarital affairs.

C) He suffered a heavy defeat in a gubernatorial election.

D) He was stricken with polio.

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Chapter 23: Global Conflict: World War Ii, 1937-1945

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Q1) The Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor __________.

A) only destroyed a few ships and planes

B) was not a surprise to FDR

C) destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific fleet

D) destroyed all of the U.S. aircraft carriers

Q2) Why was the Battle of Midway so important?

A) The U.S. victory virtually eliminated Japanese offensive capabilities.

B) The U.S. victory pushed the Japanese to the brink of surrender.

C) The Japanese victory forced the U.S. to retreat to Australia.

D) The Japanese victory facilitated further Japanese expansion in Asia.

Q3) By January 1944, Allied forces had __________.

A) lost control of the war in the Pacific

B) been forced to retreat and regroup

C) driven the Germans out of France

D) occupied southern Italy

Q4) The long-awaited Allied invasion of __________ began on June 6, 1944.

A) France

B) Italy

C) Germany

D) Spain

Page 26

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Chapter 24: Cold War and Hot War, 1945-1953

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Q1) Which of the following nations was given a permanent seat in the United Nations Security Council?

A) Spain

B) Italy

C) Germany

D) France

Q2) The Ninth Circuit Court's decision in Mendez v. Westminster __________.

A) affirmed the president's authority to issue executive orders

B) reduced funding for interstate highways

C) upheld the legality of immigration quotas

D) outlawed segregated schools for Mexican Americans

Q3) The fundamental task for Americans at home was to __________.

A) absorb new waves of immigrants from Europe and Latin America

B) prepare for wars in Asia and Africa

C) to provide work for refugees from Europe

D) convert from a wartime society back to a peacetime one

Q4) What role did civil rights for African Americans play in the election of 1948?

Q5) How did African Americans challenge racial discrimination in the years immediately following World War II?

Page 27

Q6) Discuss the impact of the Red Scare on American politics and civil liberties.

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Chapter 25: Domestic Dreams and Atomic Nightmares, 1953-1963

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Q1) Between 1947 and 1961, the national income increased by __________ percent.

A) 20

B) 40

C) 60

D) 80

Q2) Which of the following was true of Tom Dooley?

A) He promoted modernization and progress.

B) He was devoted to his role as a missionary.

C) He rejected local customs and traditions.

D) He was a spy for the Soviet Union.

Q3) Describe the most important developments in American foreign policy during the Eisenhower administration.

Q4) The "lavender scare" targeted which of the following?

A) communists

B) gay men and lesbians

C) Latin American immigrants

D) eastern European immigrants

Q5) Describe the key components of Kennedy's domestic policy agenda.

Q6) How did the federal government reinforce racial segregation in American communities and neighborhoods in the 1950s? Page 28

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Chapter 26: The Nation Divides: the Vietnam War and Social Conflict, 1964-1971

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Q1) Why was the Supreme Court case of Miranda v. Arizona significant?

A) It affected environmental protection laws.

B) It upheld desegregation legislation.

C) It guaranteed the rights of impoverished prisoners to legal counsel.

D) It required police to inform anyone they arrested of their rights.

Q2) Lyndon Johnson defeated __________ in a landslide in 1964.

A) Barry Goldwater

B) Richard Nixon

C) Ronald Reagan

D) Nelson Rockefeller

Q3) Why did Nixon order attacks on and invasions of Laos and Cambodia?

A) He wanted to weaken the Communist forces in Vietnam.

B) He wanted to establish new American colonies.

C) He wanted to build public support for the war.

D) He wanted to frighten the Soviet Union.

Q4) What led to the formation of the "plumbers" by the Nixon White House?

A) the Tet Offensive

B) the assassination of Robert Kennedy

C) the killings at Kent State

D) the publication of the Pentagon Papers

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Chapter 27: Reconsidering National Priorities, 1972-1979

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Q1) Which of the following titles became popular in the 1970s?

A) Ms.

B) Mrs.

C) Mr.

D) Miss

Q2) Who was Richard Nixon's most influential foreign policy advisor?

A) Gerald Ford

B) Henry Kissinger

C) William Westmoreland

D) H. R. Haldeman

Q3) Which of the following was true of American families in the 1970s?

A) More and more married women with children worked outside of the home.

B) Traditional gender roles for men and women were completely abandoned.

C) More and more families had only one wage earner.

D) The divorce rate steadily fell.

Q4) Which of the following contributed to the inflation of the early 1970s?

A) the cost of the Vietnam War

B) the cost of Social Security

C) falling export rates

D) the implementation of environmental regulations

Page 31

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Chapter

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Sample Questions

Q1) The religious right highlighted tensions in the Republican party between social conservatives and __________.

A) progressive reformers

B) international interventionists

C) free marketeers

D) party traditionalists

Q2) Which of the following was true of Jesse Jackson's 1984 and 1988 presidential campaigns?

A) They came close to making Jackson the Democratic nominee.

B) Jackson ran as an independent in both elections.

C) They encouraged millions of African Americans to register to vote.

D) Jackson ran as a black nationalist in both elections.

Q3) In __________, the Sandinista rebels managed to overthrow the pro-American dictatorship of Antonio Somoza in 1979.

A) El Salvador

B) Guatemala

C) Costa Rica

D) Nicaragua

Q4) Who were the new immigrants?

Q5) What were the key components of President Reagan's domestic budgetary agenda?

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Chapter 29: Post-Cold War America, 1991-2000

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following was a key provision of the Contract with America?

A) campaign finance reform

B) an end to legal abortion

C) universal healthcare

D) stronger environmental regulations

Q2) What was made clear by the 2000 presidential election in Florida?

A) the widespread flaws in the voting system

B) the widespread existence of in-person voter fraud

C) the widespread disfranchisement of working-class whites

D) the widespread bribery of election officials

Q3) Congressional efforts to impeach President Clinton __________.

A) failed in the House of Representatives

B) enjoyed bipartisan support

C) were strongly supported by the American public

D) did little to undermine Clinton's popularity

Q4) Why did California put Proposition 187 on the ballot?

A) to establish a state border control agency

B) to end bilingual education

C) to deny legal rights to same-sex couples

D) to deny social services to undocumented immigrants

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Chapter 30: A Global Nation in the New Millennium

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53 Verified Questions

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Sample Questions

Q1) The electoral college outcome of the 2004 election hinged on __________.

A) Pennsylvania

B) Michigan

C) Ohio

D) Florida

Q2) In the early twenty-first century, the Mormons __________.

A) were especially active in proselytizing abroad

B) saw their membership fall by 25 percent

C) grew to 100 million members

D) focused all of their efforts on American churches

Q3) After the U.S. toppled the Iraqi government, American soldiers __________.

A) discovered weapons of mass destruction in Iraq

B) uncovered proof of a link between al Qaeda and Iraq

C) were pulled into a long and bloody struggle to stabilize the country

D) were almost immediately withdrawn

Q4) Like the Cold War, the war on terrorism was framed as a __________.

A) long-term struggle against an evil enemy

B) matter of economic necessity

C) short-term effort to defeat a weak foe

D) relatively minor priority

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