Foreign Policy Analysis
Test Bank
Course Introduction
Foreign Policy Analysis explores the processes, actors, and factors that shape the external relations and decision-making of states. The course examines theoretical approaches to understanding foreign policy, including rational actor models, bureaucratic politics, psychological perspectives, and the influence of domestic politics and international structures. Students will analyze case studies of various countries to understand how interests, values, leadership, institutional constraints, and external environments affect policy choices. By the end of the course, students will be able to critically assess how foreign policies are formulated and implemented and gain insights into contemporary issues facing policymakers globally.
Recommended Textbook
World Politics 4th Edition by Jeffry A. Frieden
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17 Chapters
1269 Verified Questions
1269 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Shaped Our World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Under mercantilism,a country wishing to expand would best start by:
A)forming a common market,or mercantile,among countries in the region.
B)encouraging its colonial territories to produce finished products.
C)withdrawing its diplomats from its adversaries' capitals.
D)building up its military power.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following organizations was created to facilitate private investment in developing nations in the 1950s and 1960s?
A)International Monetary Fund
B)World Bank
C)Council for Mutual Economic Assistance
D)Marshall Plan
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is true of economic prosperity during the Pax Britannica?
A)The entire world benefitted from European Trade.
B)British bankers were hurt by increasing world trade.
C)Non-European states were exploited for European gain.
D)During the Pax Britannica,states experienced both economic gain and widespread war.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In which of the following situations would you expect defection?
A)Both actors have shared interests.
B)Individual interests of one are superseded by the collective interest.
C)Individual interests of one supersede the collective interest.
D)Both sets of individual interests are bolstered by the collective interest.
Answer: C
Q2) What kind of problem does the Prisoner's Dilemma story illustrate?
A)Coordination
B)Linkage
C)Coercion
D)Collaboration
Answer: D
Q3) You are competing against fellow students for the highest grade in the class.Given this competition,which of the following is the best example of a potential strategic interaction?
A)You study for the exam.
B)You calculate the scores and attendance of every student in the class.
C)Students in the class study for the exam individually.
D)Everyone collaborates to do better together.
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Why Are There Wars
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the case of the threat by the United States to attack Afghanistan in 2001,the status quo was:
A)the attack by the United States on Afghanistan.
B)Taliban control of Afghanistan.
C)a continuing insurgency after the war.
D)the defeat of the Taliban.
Answer: B
Q2) How do commitment problems affect the likelihood that war will occur?
Answer: Commitment problems make it difficult for states to sign war-avoiding bargains.Because one state does not trust that the other will abide by the terms of the deal,a deal is not possible.
Q3) Why do states fight wars?
A)Most states are inherently aggressive.
B)They value something more than the cost of war and cannot come to an agreement.
C)They have too much information about other states and realize they could win.
D)They disagree over the rules of war.
Answer: B
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5
Chapter 4: Domestic Politics and War
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Q1) Which actors can have particularistic interests that could increase a state's value of going to war?
A)Political parties
B)The general public
C)The military
D)The United Nations
Q2) Explain how the democratic peace theory encompasses institutions,interactions,and interests.
Q3) In which of the following cases would the influence of interest groups make conflict LESS likely?
A)A small number of arms manufacturers build weapons that deter other countries from attacking.
B)Immigrants want the government to impose a trade embargo on goods manufactured in their homeland.
C)A group of manufacturers wants the government to increase tariffs on imports.
D)A small group of investors wants to increase trade with another country.
Q4) How do democratic institutions help the general public restrain their leaders from engaging in risky wars?
Q5) How might electoral institutions minimize the influence of small groups?
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Chapter 5: International Institutions and War
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Q1) Has the United Nations made the world a safer place than it would have otherwise been if the organization had never been created? Explain.
Q2) What are some measures states can take to limit the chances that they will be entrapped in needless wars by reckless allies? What are the potential consequences for alliances where such precautions are taken?
Q3) How do collective security organizations promote peace? When are these organizations likely to succeed or fail?
Q4) If you were the leader of a country,what factors would you consider when deciding whether to enter into an alliance with another country?
Q5) How does the presence of an alliance alter the bargaining model of war?
Q6) In which of the following ways is an alliance likely to affect conflict?
A)Alliances increase the likelihood that democracies go to war with other democracies.
B)Alliances can decrease the cost of fighting.
C)Alliances can solve conflicts over distribution.
D)Alliances can help states commit to ceasefire agreements.
Q7) How did alliances contribute to the "Long Peace" of the twentieth century?
Q8) How did the alliance system contribute to the beginning of World War I?
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Chapter 6: Violence by Nonstate Actors: Civil War and Terrorism
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is NOT a traditional way in which terrorists can achieve their aims?
A)Coercion
B)Spoiling
C)Provocation
D)Conquering
Q2) Why does Russia continue to engage in a costly war against Chechnya instead of granting it autonomy?
A)Russia believes that if appeased,the Chechens would just ask for more.
B)Russia believes that other potential separatists would then start their own campaigns for independence.
C)Russia does not have the authority to grant autonomy to republics.
D)Russia is concerned that Chechnya would not be able to exist on its own.
Q3) Which of the following is a country-level factor that could lead to organized opposition groups?
A)Whether religious groups seek the safety of their own group against the state
B)Whether the group can gain aid from foreign countries
C)Whether the group can gain arms from foreign countries
D)Whether it is difficult for the state to find and defeat rebels due to high population
Q4) Why do some grievances lead to civil war and others do not?
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Chapter 7: International Trade
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of specialization and division of labor?
A)A farm family building its own tractor
B)A worker in a Toyota plant welding a rear axle on a Corolla all day,every day
C)A popular motorcycle manufacturer beginning to produce small automobiles
D)Workers in a bottling plant rotating positions on the assembly line in order to master the entire process
Q2) Why is "intra-industry" trade difficult for the Heckscher-Ohlin trade theory to explain?
A)Most of it is conducted between developing countries,which the theory predicts little of.
B)Since the products are within the same industry and made with the same factors,differences in factor endowment cannot explain it.
C)Countries with abundant labor are not expected to also import labor-intensive products.
D)Industries are expected to compete with each and not trade with each when factors are immobile.
Q3) Explain how domestic political interests,institutions,and interactions affect the likelihood of trade liberalization or trade restriction.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: International Financial Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) As an individual person,you are most likely to engage in international finance through:
A)portfolio investments.
B)direct investments.
C)sovereign lending.
D)concessional finance.
Q2) Why are there conflicts of interest involved in international finance?
A)Borrowing countries frequently refuse to pay their debts.
B)A flood of international capital reduces the domestic savings rate.
C)Borrowers and lenders disagree over how the benefits from loans and investments should be divided.
D)The International Monetary Fund is reluctant to manage the problems of heavily indebted countries.
Q3) Why have financial and debt crises been recurring features of the global economy?
Q4) What is often the effect of austerity measures in a country?
A)An immediate increase in imports by the population
B)A recession or depression
C)A surge in support for the government
D)An increase in overall spending by the population
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Chapter 9: International Monetary Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following groups benefits from weak domestic currency values?
A)Consumers
B)Exporting industries
C)Non-tradable industries
D)No one benefits from weak currency values.
Q2) There have been numerous international monetary orders in the past two centuries.Which of the following best explains why international monetary orders aren't more stable?
A)An international monetary order is an easily provided public good.
B)The global financial world benefits from having regularly changing international monetary orders.
C)Global banks adapt too well to existing monetary orders and take advantage of them.
D)There is no global government to provide a single global monetary order.
Q3) How did domestic interests and international conditions affect the adoption of the euro?
Q4) Explain how an international monetary system is a public good.
Q5) What are the root causes of the 2011 European monetary crisis? What lessons from previous crises are valuable in understanding this one?
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Chapter 10: Development: Causes of the Wealth and Poverty of Nations
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Sample Questions
Q1) How did the economic policies of poor countries change after 1914?
A)Poor countries changed from principally exporting primary products to encouraging industrialization.
B)Poor countries reduced previously high levels of trade protection and encouraged imports.
C)Poor countries began borrowing more money from international investors.
D)Poor countries reduced the level of government involvement in their economies in order to spur innovation.
Q2) Which of the following would be a policy consistent with ISI?
A)Ghana attempts to reduce its dependence on imported oil by developing alternative energy sources.
B)Malaysia reduces regulations on its banks to encourage investment.
C)China keeps its currency undervalued to make Chinese exports cheaper.
D)Brazil places tariffs on cars made in the United States.
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an example of physical infrastructure?
A)Businesses
B)Roads
C)Schools
D)Railroads
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Chapter 11: International Law and Norms
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Q1) Precision in international law is concerned with the specificity of:
A)legal obligations.
B)which states are party to a treaty.
C)the norms through which the law operates.
D)secondary rules.
Q2) The international standard of "Responsibility to Protect" is best described as an international:
A)law.
B)norm.
C)court.
D)treaty.
Q3) What are norms and how do norms affect behavior? Give an example of a norm in international relations and discuss the extent to which the norm is internalized.
Q4) How are norms created in the international system?
A)By two states establishing a treaty
B)When an international institution proposes a set of radical procedures for states to follow
C)When a sufficiently large number of states agree upon expectations of behavior
D)When a hegemon declares something to be morally right or justified
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Chapter 12: Human Rights
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Q1) What does it mean for the International Criminal Court (ICC)to be a court of last resort?
A)The United Nations must take a case to the Security Council for mediation before it can come before the ICC.
B)Only those who live in countries that have not ratified the ICC can bring cases.
C)The court will only hear a case if there is no other feasible method of resolving it.
D)It cannot act if a national judicial authority has already genuinely investigated or prosecuted the case.
Q2) When are states most likely to take action on human rights abuses?
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a right guaranteed by the International Covenant on Economic,Social,and Cultural Rights?
A)Freedom of religion
B)Right to a minimum standard of living
C)Right to be free from torture and inhumane treatment
D)Freedom of movement
Q4) Why and in what ways has the United States opposed the creation of the ICC?
Q5) How have TANs affected the adoption of human rights norms?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Global Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) The case of ozone depletion indicates that:
A)special interests can push environmental regulation when it is seen as profitable.
B)special interests are rarely successful in blocking environmental regulations.
C)special interests always win out over the collective interest for a cleaner environment.
D)special interests can successfully mobilize citizens to take on their governments.
Q2) Why is the problem of ozone depletion different from the problem of global warming?
A)Stopping ozone depletion involves easily manipulated developing countries,whereas global warming involves more powerful developed countries.
B)Ozone depletion is not a collective action problem,but stopping global warming is a collective action problem.
C)There are few CFC-producing countries,but nearly all industrialized and industrializing countries emit greenhouse gases.
D)Ozone depletion is a much more serious threat than global warming.
Q3) Why do environmental agreements typically use soft law rather than hard law?
Q4) Discuss a collective action problem that you have personally encountered?
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Page 15
Chapter 14: The Future of International Politics
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Sample Questions
Q1) If two states possess nuclear weapons and credibly commit to using them in a second strike,what effect does this have on bargaining between the two parties?
A)It should have no real effect on bargaining,as it is a uniform increase to costs.
B)The potential benefit for either side winning the war increases dramatically.
C)It expands the range of acceptable bargains for both parties and should make war less likely.
D)It should make neither side willing to bargain,as launching nuclear weapons is much cheaper than fighting a conventional war.
Q2) Why might nuclear proliferation cause peace?
A)There is a strong norm against starting a nuclear war.
B)Countries with nuclear weapons will have no conflicts with other countries.
C)Nuclear powers such as the United States can threaten to punish states that start wars.
D)Possessing nuclear weapons increases the costs of war.
Q3) Why might coercive disarmament be difficult to accomplish in the case of Al Qaeda attempting to acquire nuclear weapons?
Q4) How should U.S.policy makers respond to growing Chinese power?
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an example of a probabilistic claim?
A)Democracies are less likely to repress their citizens than autocracies.
B)The Arab-Israeli conflict is probably one of the most pernicious rivalries in history.
C)Terrorist attacks target civilians.
D)The number of interstate wars has decreased since the end of World War II.
Q2) What is anarchy for realists?
A)The lack of coordination in the international system
B)A lack of moral code
C)A lack of ethics for states
D)The lack of central authority to make and enforce laws upon states
Q3) Take a recent example of an international situation you have read about in the news.Explain the events using the framework of interests,interactions,and institutions.
Q4) Which international relations theory would most agree with the idea that the goals of actors are determined by their culture and identities?
A)Realism
B)Liberalism
C)Constructivism
D)Bargaining
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Foundations, War, and Peace
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Sample Questions
Q1) The set of deals that both parties prefer to war is referred to as:
A)the reversion point.
B)coercive diplomacy.
C)the bargaining range.
D)the risk-return tradeoff.
Q2) Which of the following would represent a threat to continuing economic engagement and cooperation?
A)The increasing international prominence of Chinese culture
B)Developing countries gaining more control of international financial institutions
C)The Brexit vote
D)Rapid economic growth in the developing world
Q3) How can agenda setting improve bargaining outcomes for an actor?
A)Changing the size of the pie to be divided
B)Increasing the coercive power of the agenda setter
C)Altering the contents of a deal after it has been negotiated
D)Increasing the costs of not making a deal for the other party
Q4) The Soviet Union and the United States never fought a direct war with each other.What institutions,practices,and events prevented the Cold War from becoming hot?
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Chapter
Politics, and Looking Ahead
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a Bretton Woods institution?
A)The North Atlantic Treaty Organization
B)The International Monetary Fund
C)The International Criminal Court
D)The United Nations
Q2) Why might coercive disarmament be difficult to accomplish in the case of Al Qaeda attempting to acquire nuclear weapons?
Q3) Which of the following was an important policy difference between import-substituting industrialization (ISI)and export-oriented industrialization (EOI)?
A)ISI has tended to be unsuccessful at achieving sustained development,while EOI has helped some countries advance into the developed world.
B)ISI is not supported by the ideas of the Washington Consensus,while EOI is supported by the ideas of the Washington Consensus.
C)ISI involves heavy government involvement,while EOI involves a purely hands-off approach.
D)ISI-based strategies have been associated with higher levels of debt accumulation than EOI-based strategies.
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