First Year Sociology Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
First Year Sociology provides an introduction to the systematic study of society, social institutions, and social relationships. The course explores key sociological concepts, such as culture, socialization, social stratification, and group dynamics, while examining how individuals interact within broader social structures. Students will learn about foundational theories, research methods, and contemporary social issues, including race, class, gender, and globalization. Through lectures, discussions, and practical assignments, the course aims to foster critical thinking skills and a deeper understanding of how sociological perspectives can be applied to everyday life.
Recommended Textbook
Sociology Your Compass for a New World 4th Canadian Edition by Robert Brym
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22 Chapters
2922 Verified Questions
2922 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: A Sociological Compass
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140 Verified Questions
140 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain what is meant by the Postindustrial Revolution.
Answer: The Postindustrial Revolution refers to a period in history marked by a shift from a manufacturing-based economy to a service-based economy. This transition was driven by advancements in technology, automation, and the rise of information and knowledge-based industries. It also led to changes in the way people work, with a greater emphasis on creativity, innovation, and problem-solving skills. The Postindustrial Revolution has also been associated with the rise of the digital age, the internet, and the globalization of markets. Overall, it represents a significant transformation in the structure and dynamics of the economy, as well as in the nature of work and employment.
Q2) The wearing of exclusive,expensive fashions in order to make class distinctions obvious is the main conclusion of which type of analysis?
A) functionalist
B) conflict theory
C) symbolic interactionist
D) feminist
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: How Sociologists Do Research
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168 Verified Questions
168 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a researcher is interested in the effect of television viewing on behaviour,and randomly selects both male and female research subjects to determine the consequences of television viewing.In this example,what type of variable is gender?
A) a connected variable
B) an independent variable
C) a dependent variable
D) a control variable
Answer: D
Q2) According to the table,how many males are happy?
A) 28
B) 56
C) 112
D) 200
Answer: C
Q3) In research,the control variable determines the context of the relationship.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Culture
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagine a student develops her own "shorthand" for taking lecture notes.Which of the following statements is correctly identifies a feature of her shorthand?
A) The shorthand is composed of symbols but is not part of culture.
B) The shorthand does not qualify as symbols but is part of culture.
C) The shorthand is composed of symbols and is part of culture.
D) The shorthand does not qualify as symbols and is not part of culture.
Answer: A
Q2) Cooperation is not a part of the human survival kit.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) By themselves,how are concrete sensations experienced?
A) as harmless
B) as harmful
C) as meaningful
D) as meaningless
Answer: D
Q4) What is culture?
Answer: Responses will vary.
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Chapter 4: Socialization
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rosenthal and Jacobson found that when teachers treated students as if they were special,they became high achievers.What is this process known as?
A) a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) social class bias
C) reverse discrimination
D) abuse of authority
Q2) Five-year-old Mitch's parents buy him a Hot Wheels car set for Christmas,along with some Thomas the Train books and a Cars DVD.What are they engaging in?
A) gender socialization
B) bonding behaviour
C) male status engagement
D) gendered behaviour
Q3) What does the hidden curriculum refer to?
A) a self-fulfilling prophecy
B) becoming an appropriately socialized citizen
C) repressed learning experiences
D) the teaching of radical politics
Q4) What is socialization?
Q5) Compare a functionalist view of socialization with a conflict theory view.
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Chapter 5: Social Interaction
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a likely scenario regarding emotion labour in the future?
A) The demand for it will decrease because emotions get in the way of profit making.
B) The demand for it will increase because emotions get in the way of profit making.
C) The demand for it will decrease because the labour market has shifted from goods production to service.
D) The demand for it will increase because the labour market has shifted from goods production to service.
Q2) According to the textbook,when are grief responses to a child's death most likely to be intense and long lasting?
A) when life expectancy is high and infant mortality is high
B) when life expectancy is low and infant mortality is high
C) when life expectancy is high
D) when infant mortality is low
Q3) What is social interaction?
Q4) What is rational choice theory? Do you agree with it? Why or why not?
Q5) Show how emotions can be shaped by social forces.
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Chapter 6: Networks, groups, bureaucracies and Societies
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In what ways does the modern workplace,which is bureaucratically situated,dehumanize the work experience?
Q2) According to Weber,what fact counters most people's commonsense notions about bureaucracies?
A) They are ritualistic.
B) They are highly efficient.
C) They are dehumanizing.
D) They are ruled by only a few people.
Q3) According to the textbook,what type of formal organization is the most widespread and influential?
A) a bureaucracy
B) a network
C) an aggregate
D) a category
Q4) Explain what laissez-faire leadership is.
Q5) Bureaucratic ritualism is when bureaucrats get so preoccupied with rules and regulations they make it difficult for the organization to fulfill its goals.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Deviance and Crime
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The gender gap in arrests is not closing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following people is most likely to be stopped and searched by police while driving in a Canadian city?
A) Ted, a 35-year-old white executive
B) Blanche, a 45-year-old Asian housewife
C) Carl, a 25-year-old black Ph.D. student
D) Dmitri, an 18-year-old Russian immigrant store clerk
Q3) Natasha is from a poor home and dreams of becoming a doctor.She has excellent grades but does not have the money required for eight years or more of university.She numbs the pain of having to give up her lifelong dream by abusing alcohol and eventually becomes hooked on crystal meth,losing all ability to hold any kind of job.In strain theory terms,what is Natasha?
A) a ritualist
B) an innovator
C) a retreatist
D) a rebel
Q4) Explain what a moral panic is and illustrate it using a recent example.
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Chapter 8: Social Stratification
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain Karl Marx's basic ideas about social class.
Q2) Fifty-eight-year-old Maryann lost her job last year and has been unable to find any other job because employers feel she is too old to hire and train.She has no family to assist her and is worried because her meagre savings are nearly depleted.What is one common outcome of this situation?
A) Maryann will fake a disability and defraud the government for benefits.
B) Maryann will receive money from an anonymous benefactor.
C) Maryann will eventually become homeless.
D) Maryann will organize a group of similarly situated older ex-employees to bring media attention to their plight.
Q3) Jackson has been homeless for 15 years.With regard to income distribution in Canada,what position does Jackson occupy?
A) near the top
B) the middle
C) near the bottom
D) the bottom
Q4) What is social stratification?
Q5) Discuss the ways that human,social,and cultural capital work to secure societal rewards.
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Chapter 9: Globalization, inequality, and Development
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How would the lowering of tariffs by rich countries help poor countries achieve economic growth?
Q2) According to the textbook,why are there still so many civil wars and armed conflicts today in postcolonial Africa?
A) because imperial powers like the United States have fostered conflicts between people to make them easier to control
B) because many of the nations there have a history of violence with one another C) because local governments benefit as war provides a legitimate reason for seeking aid
D) because everyone wants control of the rich resources, like diamonds, that are available for extraction by the strongest tribe
Q3) Increased profit and market expansion are always sought by which of the following?
A) global capitalism
B) international labour
C) transnational competition
D) economic harmonization
Q4) How and why did the Marlboro Man become an advertising icon?
Q5) What are the main features of neoliberal globalization?
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Chapter 10: Race and Ethnicity
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who coined the term "the vertical mosaic"?
A) John Lie
B) John Porter
C) Peter Sandiford
D) Edna Bonacich
Q2) Gretchen and her friends wish to apply for government funding to organize a "German Cultural Days" event.Which of the following makes it possible for them to do this?
A) post-secondary education
B) transnational communities
C) multiculturalism policy
D) ethnic entrepreneurs
Q3) In the nineteenth century,Dr.Samuel George Morton of Philadelphia was the most distinguished scientist in North America who argued that brain size was unrelated to intelligence.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain how the split labour market works,using an example.
Q5) Explain how social structural conditions shape "race" and ethnicity.
Q6) What was the "underground railroad"?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sexualities and Gender Stratification
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144 Verified Questions
144 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following male athletes is most likely to sexually assault a woman?
A) Ivan, a hockey player
B) Willie, a snowboarder
C) Alain, a pro skater
D) Joe, a rugby player
Q2) Fewer than 2 percent of Canadians identify as homosexual and yet as many as 35 percent of female undergraduates and 18 percent of male undergraduates admitted having same-sex activity or desire.What does this discrepancy in percentages suggest?
A) A large number of people are liars.
B) A large number of people are in denial about their sexual orientation.
C) The relationship between identity, behaviour, and desires is not linear.
D) Many people engage in "bisexual chic" in university and then forget about it afterward.
Q3) What are babies who are born with ambiguous genitalia called today?
A) hermaphrodites
B) intersexed
C) conjoined
D) he-shes
Q4) Describe the two types of sexual harassment.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Sociology Of The Body: Disabilities, aging and Death
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125 Verified Questions
125 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss three main approaches to age stratification.
Q2) Explain what the rehabilitation movement is.
Q3) North American-born children of immigrants are usually shorter than their parents who were born abroad.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are all people in Canada who were born within a 15- to 30-year span and who share unique experiences collectively known as?
A) an age cohort
B) a generation
C) a majority group
D) an enclave
Q5) As men become older,society often considers them powerful and distinguished.However,as women become older,society considers them unintelligent and unattractive. What is this inequitable situation called?
A) double jeopardy
B) age-sex peril
C) double standard
D) ageism-sexism binary
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Work and The Economy
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite the importance of the deskilling thesis in capturing certain tendencies in the development of work,it does not paint a complete picture of work? Which of the following reflects what it misses?
A) It lacks an analysis of specific job categories.
B) It overlooks the underclass of the occupational hierarchy.
C) It is focuses too narrowly on the bottom of the occupational hierarchy.
D) It focuses too much attention on the occupational structure as a whole.
Q2) Because wage levels and other benefits are established by supply and demand,what type of market is the secondary labour market?
A) a free market
B) a closed market
C) a flexible market
D) a bull market
Q3) What institution organizes the production,distribution,and exchange of goods and services in society?
A) the family
B) the state
C) the economy
D) the law
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Politics
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast the pluralist,elitist,power resource,and state-centred theories of power and political activity on the question of who is powerful in Canadian society and why.
Q2) Having a literate populace is a social precondition of democracy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss the reasons why societal warfare has replaced interstate warfare globally today.
Q4) What sociological message is conveyed in the film Gangs of New York (2002)?
A) People trapped in lives of poverty seldom vote.
B) Media control of elections was high in 1840s America.
C) The nation-state lacked legitimacy in 1840s America.
D) Early immigration undermined democratic processes.
Q5) In Canada there is a strong tendency for people to vote for parties based on their own class location.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is state-centred theory different from power resource and elite theories?
Q7) What are the three types of authority according to Max Weber?
Q8) What are the social preconditions of democracy?
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Chapter 15: Families
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marital satisfaction tends to rise and divorce rates tend to fall as you move down the socioeconomic hierarchy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a "local marriage market?"
Q3) What topic do families most frequently argue about?
A) discipline of children
B) money
C) in-laws and other relatives
D) where to live
Q4) What do we call a married couple with children,where the husband works outside the home for pay,while the wife works in the home,taking care of children and domestic responsibilities for no pay?
A) a nuclear family
B) a traditional nuclear family
C) an extended family
D) a matriarchal family
Q5) What are the effects of divorce on children?
Q6) Describe the dominant family patterns in Canada in the 15 years after World War II.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Religion
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119 Verified Questions
119 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Branch Davidians of Waco,Texas,were a very small group of religious people led by David Koresh until their deaths in 1993.What kind of religious organization were the Branch Davidians?
A) a sect
B) a cult
C) an ecclesia
D) a church
Q2) Charisma and religion seldom go together.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What did Durkheim call objects that represent the sacred?
A) totems
B) animas
C) ciphers
D) symbols
Q4) How did Durkheim refer to the supernatural elements of religions?
A) as sacred
B) as profane
C) as ritualistic
D) as the collective effervescence
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Chapter 17: Education
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What has been the impact of Bill 101 on Quebec?
Q2) Andrew is currently in grade 9 and does not do well in school but manages to keep passing into the next grade.Which of the following terms best reflects his progress through school to grade 9?
A) educational attainment
B) educational achievement
C) educational mastery
D) educational triumph
Q3) From kindergarten through university,students are systematically taught to accept the curricula,routines,and grading systems imposed upon them by teaching personnel.Students are punished in various ways for non-compliance.What concept does this whole situation illustrate?
A) the existing stratification system
B) the self-fulfilling prophecy
C) false consciousness
D) the hidden curriculum
Q4) Discuss the significance of the increase of women in postsecondary education in Canada.What impacts might this increase have on public and private lives in Canada?
Q5) What sociological theme is apparent in the movie The Great Debaters?
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Chapter 18: The Mass Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is only when the mass media deal with news stories that touch on less central values that one may witness a diversity of media opinion.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Jimmy now remotely programs his home PVR from work using a downloaded "app." What enables him to do this?
A) media convergence
B) vertical integration
C) horizontal integration
D) media concentration
Q3) Which of the following theories advocates a two-step model of communication?
A) postmodernism
B) feminism
C) functionalism
D) symbolic interactionism
Q4) What do we learn about the influence of the mass media through popular films and television?
Q5) What is the "new media frontier"?
Q6) What are mass media?
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Chapter 19: Health and Medicine
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following people is the most likely to seek out alternative health care in Canada?
A) Sheri, a master's student from British Columbia
B) Robert, a fisher from Newfoundland
C) Emily, a lawyer from Prince Edward Island
D) Jack, a business executive from Toronto
Q2) What has happened recently with patient activism,and what impact has it had so far on health care provision in Canada?
Q3) Despite Canada's universal health care system,which of the following contributes significantly to the differences experienced by people in illness and mortality?
A) life expectancy
B) socioeconomic status
C) HIV/AIDS exposure
D) prenatal mortality
Q4) The Japanese pay more for prescription drugs than the people of any other country in the world.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Define the professionalization of medicine.
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Chapter 20: Population and Urbanization
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What did sociologist John Hannigan define as a "money-making machine"?
A) the suburbs
B) the corporate city
C) edge cities
D) the Census Metropolitan Area
Q2) Through the twentieth century it has been demonstrated that helping the poor through various types of welfare programs has had which of the following effects?
A) It has lowered the incidence of rebellion.
B) It has curbed crime rates among the poor.
C) It has lowered the birth rate among the poor.
D) It has increased the amount of food available.
Q3) Several places in Asia experienced a fairly rapid drop in mortality due to economic growth,even as their rates of live births remained high.At which stage of the demographic transition theory are these places?
A) preindustrial period
B) transitional period
C) mature industrial period
D) post industrial period
Q4) How did the government of Kerala,India,solve its overpopulation problem?
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Chapter 21: Collective Behaviour and Social Movements
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Sample Questions
Q1) Over the past 35 years,union growth in Canada has exceeded that of the Unites States.Why has this occurred?
A) because industrialization is lower in Canada
B) because government surveillance is lower in Canada
C) because strike activity is discouraged more in Canada
D) because solidarity between political elites is lower in Canada
Q2) Which theory assumes that collective action results from the disruption of traditional norms and patterns of behaviour?
A) resource mobilization theory
B) political opportunities theory
C) social control theory
D) breakdown theory
Q3) Which theory suggests that social movements emerge from collective actions when people who are discontented succeed in building a solid membership base?
A) relative deprivation theory
B) solidarity theory
C) pluralist theory
D) frame alignment theory
Q4) What are new social movements?
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Chapter 22: Technology and The Global Environment
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122 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Monique is a theoretical mathematician at a large university.Which of the following is most likely to motivate her research work at the university?
A) personal interest in the development of the field
B) personal profit
C) increased fame
D) political connections
Q2) What would the textbook suggest is the cause of the back-and-forth public opinion about the existence and dangers of global warming?
A) the power of suggestion
B) the malleability of public attitudes
C) the process of political redefinition
D) the social construction of social problems
Q3) There is an enormous variety of plant and animal species inhabiting the planet.What is this variety called?
A) evolution
B) natural selection
C) species differentiation
D) biodiversity
Q4) What is biodiversity and why is it important?
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