First-Year Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
First-Year Psychology introduces students to the fundamental concepts, theories, and research methods underpinning the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. Covering major topics such as biological bases of behavior, cognition, learning, sensation and perception, motivation, emotion, development, social psychology, and psychological disorders, the course emphasizes critical thinking and the practical application of psychological principles. Through lectures, discussions, and experiential learning activities, students will gain a foundational understanding of how psychologists investigate questions about the mind and behavior, preparing them for more advanced study in the discipline.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology 4th Canadian Edition by Carole
Wade
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16 Chapters
5794 Verified Questions
5794 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Psychology
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430 Verified Questions
430 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Amelia and Harold are arguing about the death penalty. "Look, I just feel strongly that it is barbaric, ineffective, and wrong," says Harold. "You're nuts," says Amelia. "I believe in an eye for an eye, and besides, I'm absolutely sure it is a deterrent to further crime." Which lapses of critical thinking might Amelia and Harold be committing?
Answer: A good answer will include the following key points.
* Harold is using emotional reasoning.
* Both Harold's and Amelia's reasoning is based on unspoken assumptions.
* Amelia has no evidence that the death penalty is a deterrent to crime (except on the part of the person executed).
* Neither Harold nor Amelia are willing to tolerate uncertainty.
Q2) Margo sees an ad in the Yellow Pages for a psychotherapist. Since this practitioner is called a psychotherapist, Margo realizes that:
A) the therapist has a PsyD.
B) the therapist has been trained in psychoanalysis.
C) the therapist will take a biological approach to therapy.
D) the therapist may not have a degree at all.
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: How Psychologists Do Research
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404 Verified Questions
404 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A well-known study on experimenter effects using rats labelled as "maze bright" and "maze dull" was conducted by ________ in 1966.
A) Alex Jacobsen
B) Robert Rosenthal
C) B. F. Skinner
D) Wade Tavris
Answer: B
Q2) Violations of the principle of falsifiability are rare in everyday life.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The authors recommend distrusting all statistics because statistics confuse and mislead.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The dependent variable depends on the independent variable.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment
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318 Verified Questions
318 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Linkage studies are used to help determine:
A) where a gene for a particular trait is likely to be located.
B) whether people sharing the same trait have a genetic marker for that trait.
C) a map of the human genome.
D) where the boundaries between individual genes are located.
Answer: A
Q2) Very high or very low IQ scores are rare.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Sociobiology refers to the belief that:
A) human social and sexual practices are innate.
B) human social and sexual practices are too unique and varied to be due to evolutionary factors.
C) although biology determines many human characteristics, social behaviours result from the effects of culture.
D) biological principles can be applied to social and sexual customs in both nonhuman animals and humans.
Answer: D
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self
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537 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abnormally low levels of serotonin and dopamine have been associated with harmful effects. Explain these effects and describe what psychologists know about this relationship using your knowledge of correlational studies. What might be an easy assumption to make that may not necessarily be accurate?
Q2) Imagine that you have shrunk to microscopic size and that you are travelling through the brain starting at its lowest point, just above the spine. What are the three structures of the brain stem that you encounter? What function is associated with each structure?
Q3) For some types of tasks, especially those involving language, men seem to rely more heavily on one side of the brain, whereas women tend to use both sides.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The occipital lobes contain the visual cortex, where visual signals are processed. A)True
B)False
Q5) The last split-brain operation was performed in 1981.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States
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360 Verified Questions
360 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When LSD and psilocybin are abused, the resulting effects may include:
A) blackouts, cirrhosis of the liver, mental and neurological impairment, psychosis, and possibly death.
B) impaired motor and sensory function, as well as impaired permanent storage of new information, withdrawal symptoms, and possibly death.
C) loss of appetite, nausea, constipation, withdrawal symptoms, and possibly death.
D) psychosis, paranoia, and panic reactions.
Q2) A controversial disorder in which a person experiences depression during the winter and an improvement of mood in the spring.
A)narcolepsy
B)internal desynchronization
C)sleep apnea
D)lucid dreaming
E)seasonal affective disorder
Q3) Describe the results of abuse/addiction to tobacco.
Q4) What is one of the weaknesses of the psychoanalytic theory of dreaming?
Q5) Describe the common effects of heroin.
Q6) Describe the results of abuse/addiction to psilocybin.
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Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ________ belonged to a movement that began in Germany and was influential in the 1920s and 1930s. They were among the first to study how people organize the world visually into meaningful units and patterns.
A) Gestalt psychologists
B) behaviourists
C) functionalists
D) structuralists
Q2) Research on our sense of smell has not found any scent that is more basic than any other.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Marcy is seated in a dark room facing a wall. She is shown flashes of light that vary in brightness and is asked to say whether or not she sees a flash. Marcy is having her ________ measured.
A) perceptual constancy
B) absolute threshold for brightness
C) sensory adaptation
D) selective attention
Q4) What is the "cocktail party phenomenon"?
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Chapter 7: Learning and Conditioning
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416 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pavlov said that learning occurs when:
A) animals or humans think that a particular stimulus acts as a signal for a response.
B) animals or humans form an internal representation about a classically-conditioned behaviour.
C) a response is produced reflexively by the presence of an eliciting stimulus.
D) a neutral stimulus is regularly paired with an unconditioned stimulus.
Q2) Use of a reinforcer that is not inherently related to the activity being reinforced.
A)secondary reinforcement
B)intrinsic reinforcement
C)extrinsic reinforcement
D)negative reinforcement
E)positive reinforcement
Q3) Kelsey's dad uses a primary reinforcer to strengthen the response she just made. The reinforcing stimulus would be:
A) playing a game of Candy Land with her.
B) applauding her appropriate behaviour.
C) offering praise for a job well done.
D) lightly stroking the hair on the top of her head.
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9
Chapter 8: Behaviour in Social and Cultural Context
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Sample Questions
Q1) The members of Ike's fraternity think blindfolding the initiates and covering them with molasses is a great idea for pledging. Ike does not think this is a good idea, but he decides to keep quiet rather than offend his fraternity brothers and risk being ridiculed. This illustrates a symptom of:
A) groupthink.
B) deindividuation.
C) diffusion of responsibility.
D) self-serving bias.
Q2) The "banality of evil" means that:
A) weak governments become stronger by emphasizing the evilness of other nations.
B) evil acts are committed by evil people.
C) evil is commonplace, occurring in most societies and nations.
D) all people possess inner aggressive drives.
Q3) Robbers Cave study
A)Solomon Asch
B)Stanley Milgram
C)Muzafer Sherif
D)Phillip Zimbardo
Q4) What is cognitive dissonance? List one example of this state of tension.
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Chapter 9: Thinking and Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reflective judgments involve all of the following EXCEPT:
A) reaching conclusions that can be defended as plausible.
B) the ability to evaluate and integrate evidence.
C) the realization that all opinions are created equal.
D) relating evidence to theories or opinions.
Q2) According to Kitchener and King, there are ________ stages on the way to achieving reflective thought.
A) seven
B) five
C) six
D) three
Q3) In general, people try to avoid losses when making a decision. Explain why this cognitive bias may affect a person's decision about accepting or rejecting various aspects of medical treatment.
Q4) Which of the following is a prototype of the concept "dog"?
A) golden retriever
B) poodle
C) Pomeranian
D) chihuahua
Q5) Binet's method of figuring IQ had two serious flaws. Describe these flaws.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Memory
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325 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Memory of personally experienced events and the contexts in which they occurred.
A)Maintenance rehearsal
B)Elaborative rehearsal
C)Short-term memory
D)Working memory
E)Consolidation
F)Sensory memory
G)Procedural memory
H)Episodic memory
I)Semantic memory
J)Deep processing
Q2) This true-false question requires recognition.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The ability to retrieve and reproduce from memory previously encountered material is called recall.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why is short-term memory sometimes called a "leaky bucket"?
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Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health
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439 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many psychologists believe that there are primary emotions that are universal and biologically based. Which of the following would NOT be considered one of these primary emotions in Western theories of emotion?
A) shame
B) joy
C) surprise
D) disgust
Q2) The Japanese proverb "To lose is to win" illustrates primary control.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Display rules are social and cultural rules that regulate when, how, and where a person may express, or suppress, emotions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Most psychologists lobby enthusiastically on behalf of the polygraph.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Contrast the two explanatory styles that people use in responding to bad events. Explain the relationship of each style to health.
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Chapter 12: Motivation
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Sample Questions
Q1) A learned motive to meet personal standards of success and excellence in a chosen area.
A)need for achievement
B)intrinsic motivation
C)self-actualization
D)self-efficacy
E)self-fulfilling prophecy
Q2) Rape is primarily an act of dominance and aggression.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When crop failures and famines are common in a country, the cultural ideal is to be fat.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Women experience "love at first sight" twice as often as men do and feel more love in relationships over the long haul.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the limitations of the research by Masters and Johnson?
Q6) What is leptin, and what is its function?
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Development Over the Life Span
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287 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescent girls who are lonely, depressed, worried, or angry tend to express these concerns in characteristic ways, that is, they:
A) externalize their problems and become aggressive and act out sexually.
B) are more likely to attempt suicide.
C) internalize their feelings and become withdrawn.
D) externalize their problems and engage in rule-breaking and risk-taking behaviours.
Q2) The negative effects of ________ may show up long after birth in the increased rates of infant sickness, sudden infant death syndrome, hyperactivity, and learning difficulties.
A) German measles (rubella)
B) cigarette smoking
C) X-rays or other radiation
D) fetal alcohol syndrome
Q3) Given the information on alcohol and its effects on the developing baby, what advice would you give to a pregnant friend regarding alcoholic drinks? What evidence could you cite from the text to support your view?
Q4) List three kinds of problems that are more common during adolescence than during childhood or adulthood.
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Theories of Personality
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391 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Honora is an unemotional, slow-moving sort of person. According to the early philosophers, she has an excess of :
A) blood.
B) phlegm.
C) yellow bile.
D) black bile.
Q2) Abraham Maslow suggested that the most important personality traits were the "Big Five."
A)True
B)False
Q3) ________ is defined as a two-way interaction between aspects of the environment and aspects of the individual in the shaping of personality traits.
A) Social-cognitive interaction
B) Parallel interaction
C) Nature-nurture theory
D) Reciprocal determinism
Q4) Compare and contrast each of the five theories of personality in regard to how personality traits are affected.
Q5) What is meant by "shared environment"?
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Generalized anxiety disorder is a state in which a person experiences recurring panic attacks, feelings of impending doom, and physiological symptoms, such as rapid breathing and dizziness.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Mr. Dobbs rarely leaves his house. He has arranged to have his groceries brought to the door and pays his bills online. Whenever he must leave home he needs one of his children to accompany him and becomes overwhelmed by a sense of fear and dread. He likely suffers from ________, a type of ________.
A) post-traumatic stress disorder; personality disorder
B) agoraphobia; panic disorder
C) obsessive-compulsive disorder; affective disorder
D) agoraphobia; phobic disorder
Q3) In Canada, most people who commit suicide are young adults, and so after 40 years of age the danger of suicide lessens.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the fundamental fear in agoraphobia?
Q5) Explain why one depression researcher wrote that "Women think and men drink."
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Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary goals of therapy are finding meaning in life and accepting inevitable losses.
A)couples therapy
B)behavioural therapy
C)existential therapy
D)humanist therapy
E)psychodynamic therapy
Q2) Psychosurgery is ________ today.
A) rare
B) common
C) illegal
D) more effective
Q3) The textbook authors note that the scientist-practitioner gap has been widening in recent years. Explain the concerns of psychotherapists and of scientific psychologists. What roles have economic pressures and health costs played in this breach between the two groups?
Q4) In client-centred therapy, the therapist provides empathy and unconditional positive regard to the client.
A)True
B)False
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