Field Methods in Anthropology Practice Questions
Course Introduction
Field Methods in Anthropology introduces students to the practical techniques and methodologies used in the collection and analysis of anthropological data through hands-on fieldwork. The course covers essential skills such as participant observation, ethnographic interviewing, surveying, mapping, and audio-visual documentation. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, developing research questions, designing field projects, recording and managing field notes, and navigating cross-cultural settings. By engaging in field exercises and case studies, students gain practical experience in data gathering and interpretation, preparing them for independent research and professional practice in anthropology.
Recommended Textbook
Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences 8th Edition by Bruce L. Berg
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459 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) A researcher uses empirical data collection techniques to provider reliable and verifiable data in large aggregates through statistical testing. What methodology is this researcher using?
A) Quantitative research
B) Triangulation
C) Chicago School symbolic interactionism
D) Iowa School symbolic interactionism
Answer: A
Q2) The goal of good research is to systematically discover answers to questions that a researcher has posed. How does qualitative research find answers to questions?
Answer: Qualitative research answers research questions by observing social settings and the groups or individuals who inhabit them to determine how people make sense of their surroundings using social roles, norms, rituals, and social structures. Researchers look for patterns, but do not reduce pattern to the average behavior at the risk of misrepresenting and oversimplifying a population. The researchers often immerse themselves in the community studied to participate, and share in the understandings/perceptions of others with the goal of seeing how people structure and give meanings to their lives.
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Chapter 2: Designing Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) A sampling technique that is not widely generalizable, but can provide rich descriptions of a target population is ____________.
A) purposive sampling
B) convenience sampling
C) snowball sampling
D) quota sampling
Answer: A
Q2) When creating a concept map, the connections between concepts are represented by ______.
A) nodes
B) lines
C) descriptions
D) labels
Answer: B
Q3) A pitfall of Internet based research is ______.
A) lack of legitimacy and missed physical journal resources
B) fast results
C) incomplete cross referencing
D) enormous amount of data
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Social scientists have an ethical obligation to the population they study because _______.
A) they study human subjects
B) they use quantitative data collection methods
C) they have no influence on policy and law
D) they have no risk of inflicting physical or emotional harm to subjects
Answer: A
Q2) An overt researcher role in which the researcher remains immersed in the population studied for a long period of time, watching and recording the activities of group members without engaging in them, is ____________.
A) complete participant
B) participant as observer
C) observer as participant
D) complete observer
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: A Dramaturgical Look at Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can a novice interviewer begin to establish an interviewer repertoire?
Q2) What considerations should an interviewer keep in mind when wording questions to obtain all necessary data?
Q3) A(n) _____________ interview structure is ideal when the interviewer is capturing a dynamic and unpredictable situation in which a variety or respondents suggest a wide variety of types of responses.
A) semistandardized interview
B) standardized interview
C) creative interview
D) unstandardized interview
Q4) The simultaneous sending and receiving of messages through spoken words and unspoken actions is ______________.
A) researcher reactivity
B) self-conscious performance
C) social interpretations
D) full-channel communication
Q5) How is the language of theatre applied to dramaturgical interviewing?
Q6) What are some of the advantages and disadvantages to conducting interviews over the Internet and email using asynchronous methods?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Focus Group Interviewing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Focus groups were first used to conduct research on _____________.
A) popular opinion of political candidates
B) opinions on a car make and models
C) effectiveness of radio in boosting army morale
D) women assigned bed rest for treatment of preterm labor
Q2) Which technique is most effective at revealing deep level biographical experiences of a person's group?
A) Focus groups
B) Unobtrusive measures
C) Face-to-face interviewing
D) Participant observation
Q3) What are some advantages of focus group interviewing?
Q4) Which technique is most effective at revealing naturally occurring worlds of the group under study?
A) Focus groups
B) Unobtrusive measures
C) Face-to-face interviewing
D) Participant observation
Q5) Compare and contrast focus group interviewing and face-to-face interviewing.
Page 7
Q6) What is a focus group and what are its appropriate uses?
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Chapter 6: Ethnographic Field Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Brief reminder notes that are written down and used later to jog the researcher's memory are called ___________.
A) mental notes
B) jotted notes
C) complete notes
D) analytic notes
Q2) Explain the term critical ethnography, and how it overlaps with, yet diverges from, conventional ethnography.
Q3) A practice placing researchers in the midst of whatever it is they study where they can examine various phenomena as perceived by participants and represent these observations as accounts is called _____________.
A) street ethnography
B) organizational ethnography
C) medical ethnography
D) ethnography
Q4) There are six ways that a researcher can strive for invisibility, or to see what's going on without being observed and hence, capture the essence of a situation. Describe how each method works.
Q5) What are subjective versus external motivating factors for research?
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Chapter 7: Action Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The action research phase in which the researcher makes interpretations and offers explanation about the case at hand is called _________________.
A) Planning
B) Looking
C) Thinking
D) Action
Q2) The phase of photo research in which the researcher looks for common themes and theories that emerge during the contextualizing and discussion of the photographs, in which participants may flag certain issues to target for action is called
_____________.
A) selecting photographs
B) contextualizing stories
C) codifying
D) capturing photographs
Q3) What is photovoice, and how does it fit in with past trends in ethnography?
Q4) Explain the ten descriptors that can help give action research a methodological focus.
Q5) Why is it so important to keep stakeholders informed in action research, and what are several ways the researcher can do this?
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Chapter 8: Unobtrusive Measures in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of official documentary record has increased in commonality in recent years, and is creating a goldmine of audio and visual data?
A) Videotaped records
B) Voting records
C) Police blotters
D) Newsletters
Q2) Explain what research technique researchers should use to corroborate unobtrusive data sources (especially physical trace sources), and why.
Q3) Studying tombstones to create social comparisons between cemetery structure and social structure is an example of _____________.
A) official documentary records
B) accretion
C) physical erosion
D) archival strategies
Q4) What is physical erosion, and what is an example of an erosion study?
Q5) Define commercial media accounts, and give an example of how they can be used as an unobtrusive data source.
Q6) What are the three types of autobiographies, and how are they used?
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Chapter 9: Social Historical Research and Oral Traditions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A Web site that is home to the oral histories of women who served in the U.S. Army during World War II is called _______________.
A) Internet Archive
B) Slave Narratives from the Federal Writer's Project
C) What Did You Do in the War, Grandma?
D) Hogan Jazz Archive
Q2) Researchers who use in-depth interviewing as one line of action paired with concepts of history to create a full account that extrapolates the author's motive is a technique called ______________.
A) Construction of a life history
B) Historical research
C) Historiography
D) History
Q3) Which term can be regarded as a synonym for external criticism?
A) Precision
B) Truthfulness
C) Validity
D) Accuracy
Q4) What are the steps required in creating historiography?
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Chapter 10: Case Studies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and define three types of case studies.
Q2) Which research design implies that researcher has established a theoretical framework, and then creates research questions, using the case study to measure factors that are most relevant, and factors that are not as relevant to the research question for comparison?
A) Exploratory case study
B) Explanatory case study
C) Descriptive case study
D) Embedded case study
Q3) An embedded case study is unique from a standard case study because it
A) uses multiple methods and/or sources
B) represents one instance of a broader category of events
C) includes several levels, or units of analysis
D) studies organizations or individuals
Q4) What is an example of a case study from your own knowledge, or from the text?
Q5) What are several reasons that a theory-before-research model can be useful when conducting case studies?
Q6) What are the five researcher skills associated with conducting good case studies?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: An Introduction to Content Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which term describes labels used by members of certain areas to distinguish among things, persons, and events using jargonized terms that may reflect out-group versus in-group classifications?
A) Theoretical classes
B) Concept classes
C) Special classes
D) Common classes
Q2) Which type of software allows you to create text-based files, and to effectively find, move, reproduce, and retrieve sections of the text in each file?
A) Text retrievers
B) Word processors
C) Code-and-retrieve programs
D) Textbase managers
Q3) Which type of coding involves the storage of information, and is the first phase of coding to Morse and Richards?
A) Open coding
B) Coding by topic
C) Descriptive coding
D) Analytic coding
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Chapter 12: Writing Research Papers: Sorting the Noodles from
the Soup
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which section of a research paper provides a comprehensive overview of previous works on the general and specific topics considered in the study?
A) Title
B) Abstract
C) Introduction
D) Literature review
Q2) What are the outlets available for social scientists to disseminate their research?
Q3) What value does rewriting have in research?
Q4) A good abstract will summarize one's findings and highlight important areas of research. What are the main components that should be included?
Q5) Which section of a research paper presents what the data say, and offers interpretations of the meaning of and an analysis of the data?
A) Methodology
B) References, notes, and/or appendices
C) Discussion and/or conclusions
D) Findings or results
Q6) What is plagiarism, and what actions make up plagiarism?
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