Feminist Psychology
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Feminist Psychology explores the ways in which gender, power, and social structures influence psychological theory, research, and practice. This course critically examines traditional psychological concepts through the lens of feminist theories, highlighting the impact of gender biases and intersecting identities such as race, class, and sexuality. Students investigate the historical and contemporary contributions of feminist thinkers to the field, as well as issues related to mental health, body image, trauma, and resistance. Emphasis is placed on applying feminist principles to promote social justice, inclusivity, and empowerment within both clinical and community settings.
Recommended Textbook Transformations Women Gender and Psychology 3rd Edition by Mary Crawford
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Chapter 1: Paving the Way
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Q1) When documenting research in journal articles, researchers state the reasons for and limitations of having a(n) ________ sample, but little explanation is given for an ________ sample.
A) all-male; all-female
B) mixed-sex; all-male
C) all-white; all-black
D) all-female; all-male
Answer: D
Q2) In a research process, a researcher should start by
A) collecting and analyzing data so that patterns of results become clear.
B) generating a question to be answered by gathering information systematically.
C) devising materials such as questionnaires or laboratory setups.
D) choosing research participants.
Answer: B
Q3) A woman who is wealthy and privileged may actually have more in common with A) poor women than with wealthy and privileged men.
B) women from ethnic minorities than with poor women.
C) wealthy and privileged men than with poor women.
D) poor women than with women from ethnic minorities.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Gender, Status, and Power
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Q1) Explain what a double bind is and give an original example.
Answer: A double bind is a situation in which a person is given conflicting messages or demands, making it impossible for them to respond in a way that will please the person giving the messages. This can create a feeling of being trapped or unable to satisfy the expectations of others.
An original example of a double bind could be a parent telling their child that they need to be more independent and make their own decisions, but then criticizing them for making choices that the parent disagrees with. In this situation, the child is being given conflicting messages about how to behave, making it difficult for them to know how to please their parent. This can create feelings of frustration and confusion for the child.
Q2) Women often face situations in which they are "damned if they do, damned if they don't." These situations are called ________.
A) gender typing
B) neosexism
C) double binds
D) stereotype threats
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Images of Women
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Q1) In the largest study of face-ism to date, Konrath et al. (2012) used 6610 politicians' official website photographs from 25 countries to explore the relationship between face-ism and the level of gender equality in each country. They found that there was more face-ism
A) in cultures where there were more educated men than women.
B) in the more gender-equal cultures.
C) in female-dominant societies.
D) in evoked cultures.
Answer: B
Q2) Women who are particularly strong, either in personality or physical skills, are likely to be stereotyped as A) lesbians.
B) politicians.
C) conservatives.
D) being married.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Meanings of Difference
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Q1) In the context of math performance, which of the following best illustrates stereotype threat?
A) Women stereotype their own math abilities.
B) The fear of confirming the stereotype that women are bad at math may negatively impact women's math performance.
C) Boys and men stereotype girls and women more than girls and women do.
D) None of these answers is correct.
Q2) The Japanese proverb "the nail that sticks up gets hammered down" means that A) people should not stand out or be different from everyone else.
B) the Japanese do not like sloppy workmanship.
C) those people who stand up for what they believe in will get what they need in life.
D) you might get hit if you disagree with someone in Japan.
Q3) A variable that interacts with another variable to change its effect is called a(n)
A) criterion variable
B) moderator variable
C) confounding variable
D) independent variable
Q4) Explain why women's "emotionality" is rooted in a sociocultural context.
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Chapter 5: Sex, Gender, and Bodies
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Q1) Identify the key assumptions about sex that were so fundamental in our society in the past that most people never thought about them.
A) There are two, and only two, sexes.
B) Sex exists as a biological fact independently of anyone's beliefs about it.
C) Sex and gender naturally go together.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Individuals whose genetic composition was XY but their bodies did not prompt the development of male reproductive structures during fetal differentiation are said to have A) a gender identity disorder.
B) Turner syndrome.
C) complete androgen insensitivity syndrome.
D) Klinefelter's syndrome.
Q3) In the context of hormones and sexual orientation, discuss the problems encountered by women with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH).
Q4) Define "core gender identity" and describe how it develops.
Q5) What is the role of appearance in the development of gender identity? Cite evidence to support your answer.
Q6) What is gender dysphoria? Why do people choose to have sex changes?
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Chapter 6: Gendered Identities: Childhood and Adolescence
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Q1) Which of the following tendencies is a gender difference in play for children?
A) Boys play violent video games and girls play with Barbie dolls.
B) Children avoid "opposite-gender" toys during preschool and elementary years.
C) Children express strong preferences for gender-typed toys.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) According to social learning theory, people learn their characteristic behavior patterns mainly through the process of
A) habituation.
B) reinforcement.
C) teleology.
D) entropy.
Q3) Compare and contrast social learning and cognitive development theories of gender development. Provide research examples to support your answer.
Q4) If you decide to raise your child to be gender-aschematic, describe how you would go about it.
Q5) Why are girls at a disadvantage in mixed groups in terms of communication and persuasion?
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Q6) Cite evidence indicating that boys are "the preferred sex." How does this preference affect children?
Chapter 7: Sex, Love, and Romance
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Q1) Women with disabilities confront the following stereotypes EXCEPT
A) that they compensate for their limited sex lives by being devoted partners.
B) that people with disabilities need caretakers, not lovers.
C) that they should feel grateful if they find any man who wants them.
D) that sexual activity is inappropriate for them.
Q2) Explain why teens don't use condoms consistently despite the fact that they know about condom effectiveness for preventing pregnancy and STIs.
Q3) Briefly describe how the representation of women in language, advertising, and popular romance novels contributes to stereotypes of femininity.
Q4) Which of the following statements indicates the result of a comparison of Asian and non-Asian students in a Canadian university?
A) Asian students were more likely to had sexual intercourse than non-Asian students.
B) Asian students were more likely to masturbate than non-Asian students.
C) Asian students had fewer partners if sexually active than non-Asian students.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q5) Describe a few ways in which different cultures control women's sexuality.
Q6) What is meant by the terms "sexual scripts" and "sexual double standard"?
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Chapter 8: Commitments: Women and Close Relationships
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Q1) Which of the following is a theory that proposes that the partner who brings greater outside resources to a relationship will have the greater influence in it?
A) the equity theory
B) the social exchange theory
C) the attachment theory
D) the sex-role spillover theory
Q2) In the United States, the median age of a first-time bride
A) has increased in recent years.
B) has decreased in recent years.
C) has increased in the U.S. but decreased in Europe.
D) has increased among Blacks but not among White women.
Q3) Discuss the different forms of power found in marriages as described in the text.
Q4) Which of the following is a strain on remarriages that may lead to divorce?
A) stress from complex family structures and dynamics
B) conflicts over how to allocate money to various household members
C) people being less inclined to stay in unsatisfying relationships, having already divorced once
D) All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 9: Mothering
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Q1) Define and describe birth control methods, psychological consequences of abortion, attitudes about abortion, Caesarean birth, and postpartum depression (including hormonal and social influences).
Q2) Describe the Lamaze method and what its effects seem to be for mothers and fathers.
Q3) What is meant by the term "reproductive freedom"?
Q4) Hardships faced by lesbians with children do NOT include
A) the reaction of others.
B) economic strains.
C) the lack of supportive communities.
D) isolation.
Q5) Which statement about the effect of abortion on women is true?
A) Abortion causes serious psychological damage for most women.
B) The main psychological reaction to abortion is depression.
C) No major negative psychological impacts result from abortion.
D) The main psychological reaction to abortion is depression, and no major negative psychological impacts result from abortion.
Q6) What myths are included in the "motherhood mystique"?
Q7) What are the pros and cons of using anesthetics during labor?
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Chapter 10: Work and Achievement
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Q1) Which of the following is an example of tokenism?
A) a solo woman in an otherwise all-male group
B) a lone man in an otherwise all-female group
C) a single Black in an otherwise all-White group
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to men faring better, being more satisfied with their jobs, getting better evaluations, and advancing faster than women in female-dominated occupations?
A) the glass escalator
B) the glass ceiling
C) role conflict
D) role overload
Q3) Research shows, regardless of whether individuals succeed or fail, men are assumed to be ________ and women are assumed to be ________.
A) basically competent; basically incompetent
B) hard workers; lucky
C) hard workers; indolent workers
D) in control; out of control
Q4) Why is it frequently difficult to see patterns of discrimination?
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Chapter 11: The Second Half: Midlife and Aging
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Q1) Activism on behalf of older women is likely to
A) be seen as an issue only among ethnic minority women.
B) be affected by gender-typing when the women were younger.
C) increase dramatically as the Baby Boomer cohort reaches midlife.
D) start with young women.
Q2) Why are women more likely than men to be caregivers for elderly relatives and aging spouses? How does personality affect who gets assigned care work? What are the psychological costs and rewards of being a caregiver?
Q3) Which of the following statements is true when an individual loses a lesbian life partner?
A) It is less stressful than the loss of a spouse in heterosexual marriages.
B) It is generally more difficult due to the added burden of heterosexism.
C) It rarely causes financial hardship to the surviving partner.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Which of the following was revealed from an analysis of older women in Disney movies?
A) Older women are depicted as ugly.
B) Older women are depicted as evil, greedy, and power-hungry.
C) Older women are depicted as crazy.
D) All of these answers are correct.
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Chapter 12: Violence Against Women
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of common couples violence?
A) The male perpetrator feels that he owns his woman and is entitled to control her by any means.
B) It occurs fairly often in a relationship and always escalates over time.
C) Women and men both report inflicting violence on their partners about equally often.
D) It is entirely gender-neutral in heterosexual couples.
Q2) Which of the following is true of elder abuse?
A) It reflects patriarchal power imbalances.
B) It takes place in private settings and is often a family secret.
C) It is fostered by the isolation of its victims and their fears of losing their homes.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Violence is often used
A) to express passion and commitment.
B) as a means of control in sexual encounters and romantic relationships.
C) by men who hold traditional benevolent and protective beliefs about women.
D) by people who have effective communication skills they choose not to use.
Q4) Talk about objectification, inequality, power differences, and/or other topics concerning this subject.
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Chapter 13: Psychological Disorders, Therapy, and Womens
Well-Being
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Q1) Stereotyped beliefs about psychological illnesses lead to
A) similar labels being attached to symptoms displayed by women and men.
B) the same behaviors as being perceived and labeled differently when exhibited by a woman versus by a man.
C) similar treatment of different symptoms for women and men.
D) similar labels being attached to symptoms displayed by women and men and similar treatment of different symptoms for women and men.
Q2) Which of the following is characterized by a pattern of instability in relationships, self-concept, and emotions accompanied by terror at the idea of abandonment?
A) antisocial personality disorder
B) borderline personality disorder
C) depersonalization disorder
D) factitious disorder
Q3) How will you think differently about "women's diagnoses" like eating disorders, depression, anxiety, and hysteria? In what ways can you use this information to challenge the "crazy woman" stereotype?
Q4) Discuss factors that feminist therapists should keep in mind when working with women of color.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Making a Difference: Toward a Better Future for Women
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Q1) What are the benefits and problems associated with feminism becoming a global movement?
Q2) Which of the following statements is true of the 1980s version of backlash?
A) The media began to declare feminism outdated.
B) The media claimed that equal rights had been fully achieved.
C) Everything from infertility to the breakdown of society was blamed on feminism.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q3) Identify the ways to get involved in feminism as a student.
A) One can connect with the women's center on one's campus.
B) One can take courses that focus on women and gender and recommend them to others.
C) One can join an organization for women's equality.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) Which of the following statements is true of feminists?
A) They are often portrayed as lesbians.
B) They are often portrayed as man-hating women.
C) They are often portrayed as fighting with each other.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q5) What issues are faced by contemporary feminists?
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