Family Studies
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Family Studies explores the dynamics, structures, and roles within families across diverse cultures and societies. The course examines topics such as family relationships, parenting, communication, life cycles, and the impact of social, economic, and cultural factors on family life. Students will analyze theories of family development, investigate contemporary issues like work-life balance and changing family forms, and consider the influence of policy and community resources. Through case studies and research, learners gain critical insights into how family systems adapt and function in response to internal and external challenges.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Lifespan Development 3rd edition by Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2078 Verified Questions
2078 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The field of human development is considered to be an applied discipline because
A) it is motivated largely by scientific curiosity.
B) findings are used for practical purposes to improve people's lives.
C) it deals with answering questions about development throughout the lifespan.
D) investigators from a variety of fields collaborate on research projects.
Answer: B
Q2) A time in which the individual is especially responsive to environmental influences is known as a(n)__________ period.
A) adaptive
B) critical
C) sensitive
D) restricted
Answer: C
Q3) Theorists who emphasize qualitative changes
A) stress the contexts that shape development.
B) regard development as largely due to nature.
C) regard development as taking place in stages.
D) stress diversity in development.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about in vitro fertilization is true?
A) About 10 percent of American babies are conceived through this technique.
B) It cannot be performed on women whose fallopian tubes have been damaged.
C) Doctors are required to keep records of the characteristics of sperm donors.
D) The success rate of in vitro fertilization declines steadily with age.
Answer: D
Q2) Attempts to help children and youths have been difficult to realize in the United States because
A) such government policies have failed in other Western countries.
B) cultural values of self-reliance and privacy have made government hesitant to become involved in family matters.
C) social programs are rarely cost-effective.
D) the United States already ranks at the top on key measures of children's health and well-being.
Answer: B
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4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is supported by research on crying?
A) Fatigue is the most common cause of infant crying.
B) Newborns often cry at the sound of another crying baby.
C) Crying peaks at 12 weeks and then steadily declines.
D) Nearly all infants show signs of colic in the first few months of life.
Answer: B
Q2) Babies who spend more time alert
A) probably receive less social stimulation.
B) may have a slight advantage in mental development.
C) tend to have more learning and memory difficulties.
D) rarely reach REM sleep.
Answer: B
Q3) __________ doubles the risk of SIDS.
A) Failing to tightly swaddle an infant during sleep
B) Using a pacifier
C) Placing an infant to sleep on his back
D) Maternal cigarette smoking
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In operant conditioning,a punishment involves
A) a stimulus that greatly increases the occurrence of a response.
B) removing a desirable stimulus.
C) presenting a neutral stimulus.
D) a gradual increase in the occurrence of a response.
Q2) For exploring the environment,humans depend on __________ more than any other sense.
A) vision
B) hearing
C) taste
D) touch
Q3) Neurotransmitters
A) cannot cross synapses.
B) are the tiny gaps between neurons.
C) are responsible for myelination.
D) are message-carrying chemicals released by neurons.
Q4) The Greens have just learned that the boy they plan to adopt is suffering from kwashiorkor.What can you tell them about this disease? Are there long-term consequences?
6
Q5) What influence does heredity have on physical growth?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 4 have begun to master object permanence,
A) their schemes have a hit-or-miss quality.
B) they still make the A-not-B search error.
C) they are not yet able to retrieve hidden objects.
D) their schemes appear as sudden solutions.
Q2) A child who __________ to find a hidden toy is demonstrating a tertiary circular reaction.
A) lifts up a cup
B) searches a familiar hiding place
C) looks in several locations
D) pushes aside a pillow
Q3) Hearing babies of deaf,signing parents
A) do not babble.
B) produce a range of early sounds but stop babbling entirely around 6 months.
C) produce babblelike hand motions with the rhythmic patterns of natural sign languages.
D) are unprepared for conversational behavior.
Q4) Discuss the development of cooing and babbling in hearing and deaf infants.
Q5) Define and describe the Piagetian concept of schemes.
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Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If children emerge from the first few years without __________,the seeds are sown for adjustment problems.
A) independent toileting habits
B) sufficient trust in caregivers
C) sufficient oral stimulation
D) a sense of shame
Q2) Although late adoptees are able to develop close ties with their adoptive parents,the children
A) usually exhibit a secure attachment pattern with multiple caregivers.
B) are still likely to experience attachment difficulties.
C) rarely exhibit insecure attachment patterns.
D) typically remain securely attached to their biological parents.
Q3) Persistent paternal depression
A) strongly predicts child behavior problems-especially overactivity, defiance, and aggression in boys.
B) rarely has a lasting impact on the child, unless it lasts for five or more years.
C) requires long-term treatment in a facility for a full recovery.
D) is linked to low levels of the stress hormone cortisol in children.
Q4) Describe categorical self development.How does it relate to gender typing?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children whose parents are effective scaffolders
A) are less successful when attempting difficult tasks on their own.
B) are behind in overall cognitive development.
C) use more private speech.
D) more often lack self-control.
Q2) Because of their activity level,__________ are more likely to be injured than __________.
A) shy children; outgoing children
B) boys; girls
C) girls; boys
D) underactive children; overactive children
Q3) Agata suffered from persistent diarrhea in early childhood.As a result,during her school years,Agata is probably __________ than her agemates who were not stricken with persistent diarrhea.
A) heavier in weight
B) shorter in height
C) better nourished
D) more attentive
Q4) Describe the impact of educational television,such as Sesame Street,on children's development.
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson,preschoolers' exuberant play and bold efforts to master new tasks break down when they
A) are threatened, criticized, and punished excessively by adults.
B) identify too strongly with the same-sex parent.
C) identify too strongly with the other-sex parent.
D) have an overly lenient superego.
Q2) Gender-stereotyped beliefs
A) strengthen during early childhood.
B) emerge slowly, as parents treat boys and girls in similar ways.
C) weaken during the preschool years.
D) are flexible until about age 8, after which they become more rigid.
Q3) As the ability to take another's perspective improves,
A) children rely less on words to convey empathetic feelings.
B) the tendency to focus on one's own anxiety increases.
C) sympathetic feelings decrease.
D) empathic responding increases.
Q4) Discuss the emergence of empathy in early childhood.How does this capacity affect prosocial,or altruistic,behavior?
Q5) How do parents influence gender typing in early childhood?
Q6) Describe two distinct purposes and three distinct forms of aggression. Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Piaget,children are first able to __________ in middle childhood.
A) think in an abstract way
B) understand object permanence
C) successfully complete conservation tasks
D) combine multiple schemes
Q2) During the elementary school years,vocabulary
A) doubles.
B) triples.
C) increases fourfold.
D) increases tenfold.
Q3) From first through twelfth grades,girls
A) are more positive than boys about the value of sports.
B) have an edge over boys in most gross-motor skills.
C) judge their own athletic abilities higher than they really are.
D) are less positive than boys about their own sports ability.
Q4) During middle childhood,boys outperform girls in A) drawing. B) agility.
C) throwing. D) hopping.
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As children internalize others' expectations and make social comparisons,they
A) form an ideal self that they use to evaluate their real self.
B) develop a strong sense of superiority.
C) seldom look to people beyond the family for information about themselves.
D) experience shame, the negative outcome of middle childhood.
Q2) School-age children often regard __________ as a "__________" subject.
A) music; masculine
B) language arts; masculine
C) physical education; feminine
D) reading; feminine
Q3) Resilience
A) is a preexisting attribute rather than a capacity that develops over time.
B) is less common among children with a mastery-oriented approach to new situations.
C) is less common among children whose parents use an authoritative child-rearing style.
D) enables children to use internal and external resources to cope with adversity.
Q4) Anya is a rejected-aggressive child.Describe the characteristics that Anya likely displays as a result.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Effective sex education programs
A) teach techniques for handling sexual situations.
B) focus on promoting the value of abstinence.
C) do not encourage the use of contraceptives.
D) last only a few sessions.
Q2) Fifteen-year-old Ross spends long hours inspecting every detail of his appearance.__________ may be responsible for this behavior.
A) The personal fable
B) The realistic self
C) The imaginary audience
D) Hypothetico-deductive reasoning
Q3) __________ youths rank highest in drug taking.
A) African-American
B) Native-American
C) Hispanic
D) Caucasian-American
Q4) How does heredity impact homosexuality?
Q5) Discuss the impact that child-rearing styles have on academic achievement in adolescence.
Q6) Discuss the role of sleep in adolescent development. Page 14
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Page 15
Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most boys who exhibit early-onset delinquency
A) are well-adjusted by adolescence.
B) decline in aggression over time.
C) experience overly indulgent parenting.
D) first display antisocial behavior around puberty.
Q2) Society can help minority adolescents resolve identity conflicts by
A) encouraging them to explore the meaning of ethnicity in their lives.
B) encouraging them to reject the dominant culture until they establish ethnic identity.
C) discouraging contact with peers of the same ethnicity and encouraging assimilation.
D) ensuring that they learn English, rather than retaining their native language.
Q3) Long-term identity __________ and __________ are maladaptive.
A) moratorium; foreclosure
B) achievement; diffusion
C) moratorium; achievement
D) foreclosure; diffusion
Q4) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
Q5) Discuss the impact of religious involvement on moral development in adolescence.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Danielle,an overweight young adult,will probably
A) lose weight by age 25.
B) get heavier.
C) never become obese.
D) maintain her weight into her forties.
Q2) Ingredients of effective rape intervention include
A) reinforcing rape myths.
B) teaching social skills and social awareness.
C) supporting gender stereotypes with evidence.
D) safety planning, but only if the abuser is still present.
Q3) Senescence
A) is underway in adolescence.
B) begins in middle adulthood.
C) varies widely across parts of the body.
D) cannot be modified through environmental interventions.
Q4) __________ predicts career attainment beyond SES.
A) Permissive parenting in the high school years
B) Changing majors in college
C) Parental encouragement of the fantasy period of vocational development
D) Parental guidance
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In dual-earner marriages,role overload is __________ for __________ and is linked to __________.
A) greater; men; increased psychological stress
B) greater; women; child behavior problems
C) similar; men and women; less effective parenting
D) similar; men and women; more traditional gender roles
Q2) With regard to the family life cycle,stress tends to be greatest
A) in childhood and adolescence.
B) during transitions between phases.
C) in early adulthood.
D) in middle age.
Q3) Gloria's marriage was riddled with jealousy,emotional highs and lows,and desperation about whether her husband returned her affection.Though she offered support to her husband,Gloria did so in ways that poorly fit his needs.Based on this information,it is likely that Gloria has a(n)__________ attachment history.
A) secure
B) avoidant
C) resistant
D) trusting
Page 18
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a longitudinal study of nearly 30,000 U.S.50- to 79-year-old women diverse in SES and ethnicity,a healthy __________ diet was associated with greater initial weight loss and success at maintaining that loss over a seven-year period.
A) gluten-free
B) liquid
C) no-carbohydrate
D) low-fat
Q2) With age,many creators
A) become more spontaneous.
B) produce works that sum up or integrate ideas.
C) begin to focus on self-expression.
D) devote more energy to new discoveries.
Q3) A blood clot in one of Ollie's coronary arteries is blocking the normal blood supply to an area of his heart,resulting in intense pain.Ollie is having A) angina pectoris.
B) angioplasty.
C) a heart attack.
D) arrhythmia.
Q4) What is hardiness? How do hardy individuals cope with stress?
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) One reason older workers generally reduce their career aspirations is that they A) become aware that their skills are declining.
B) have fewer alternative positions into which they can move.
C) have less access to jobs with reasonable workloads.
D) have less access to jobs with good physical working conditions.
Q2) Although Salim lives in a crime-ridden neighborhood,he strongly believes that life is good and worthwhile.Accordingly,Salim is likely to be
A) self-indulgent.
B) generative.
C) stagnant.
D) self-centered.
Q3) When caring for aging parents,
A) caregivers who share a household with ill parents experience the most stress.
B) most adult children choose to move in with their parents.
C) men rarely participate in caregiving tasks, even for their own parents.
D) most adult children choose to hire part-time caregivers.
Q4) Define possible selves.How do they change in midlife?
Q5) Discuss divorce in midlife.How do men and women differ in psychological well-being following midlife divorce?
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In developing nations with widespread poverty,malnutrition,disease,and armed conflict,average life expectancy hovers around _____ years.
A) 45
B) 55
C) 65
D) 75
Q2) Frailty
A) leaves older people highly vulnerable in the face of infection, extreme temperatures, or injury.
B) is mostly caused by primary rather than secondary aging.
C) is a serious condition, but does not interfere with everyday competence.
D) is entirely caused by aging.
Q3) For most of late adulthood,cognitive declines are
A) irreversible.
B) gradual.
C) drastic.
D) inevitable.
Q4) How much sleep do older adults require? Discuss insomnia in late adulthood.
Q5) Discuss the impact that falls can have in late adulthood.
Q6) Discuss changes in taste,smell,and touch sensitivity in late adulthood. Page 21
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Page 22
Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss the practice of life review in late adulthood.
Q2) According to continuity theory,
A) mutual withdrawal between older adults and society takes place in anticipation of death.
B) social barriers to engagement, not the desires of aging adults, cause declining rates of interaction.
C) social interaction extends lifelong selection processes.
D) most aging adults strive to maintain a personal system that promotes life satisfaction.
Q3) According to disengagement theory,society
A) encourages older people to disengage from social settings to focus their energies on family members.
B) allows the old to withdraw by freeing them from employment and family responsibilities.
C) views seniors as incapable of benefiting from social engagement.
D) allows older adults to give up their preoccupation with their inner lives and focus on others.
Q4) Discuss never-married,childless older adults.What unique challenges to they face?
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Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Kübler-Ross,recognition that time is short promotes
A) denial.
B) depression.
C) anger.
D) acceptance.
Q2) As they move through a hope trajectory,many dying patients first hope for A) a cure.
B) prolonging life.
C) strength.
D) a peaceful death.
Q3) Which of the following ethnic groups does not believe in telling terminally ill patients about their condition partly because dying disrupts important interdependent relationships?
A) Irish
B) French
C) Middle Eastern
D) Japanese
Q4) Discuss the practice of voluntary active euthanasia.
Q5) What is bereavement overload? Who is at risk for it?
Q6) Discuss the benefits and consequences of dying at home.
Page 24
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