Family Studies
Final Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Family Studies explores the dynamics, structures, and functions of families across diverse cultures and societies. The course examines the roles, relationships, and development of family members throughout the life course, considering historical, social, and economic influences. Topics include parenting styles, communication patterns, family life cycles, and the impact of societal changes on family systems. Emphasis is placed on understanding challenges such as work-life balance, divorce, and family diversity, as well as strategies for promoting healthy family functioning and well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 9th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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15 Chapters
1978 Verified Questions
1978 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Applied Directions
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud's psychosexual theory was the first to stress the influence of
A) the early parent-child relationship on development.
B) society's values and beliefs on parent's disciplinary techniques.
C) older siblings on newborns.
D) the academic environment on young children.
Answer: A
Q2) Pete participates in soccer and is beginning to master fundamental reading and math skills. Pete is probably in which period of human development?
A) adolescence
B) middle childhood
C) early childhood
D) infancy and toddlerhood
Answer: B
Q3) The information-processing approach
A) regards children as tabula rasa.
B) does not divide development into stages.
C) views development as discontinuous.
D) regards thought processes as vastly different at all ages.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Like longitudinal research, cross-sectional studies
A) can be threatened by cohort effects.
B) often rely on biased observation procedures.
C) can be threatened by selective attrition.
D) can be threatened by practice effects.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a major limitation of the clinical interview?
A) Participants may make up answers that do not represent their actual thinking.
B) It does not provide much insight into participants' reasoning or ideas.
C) The questions are phrased the same for each participant, regardless of their comprehension.
D) It overestimates participants' intellectual capacities.
Answer: A
Q3) A major strength of the natural, or quasi-, experiment is that it permits
A) study of relationships between variables.
B) inferences about cause-and-effect relationships.
C) generalization of experimental findings to the real world.
D) study of many real-world conditions that cannot be experimentally manipulated.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Infants born to teenage mothers
A) are more likely to have chromosomal disorders than infants born to women in their forties.
B) are healthier than infants born to mothers in their thirties.
C) have a higher rate of problems, but not directly because of maternal age.
D) have a higher rate of problems directly related to immature maternal age.
Answer: C
Q2) One concern about surrogate motherhood is that it
A) poses a greater risk than natural conception to infant survival and healthy development.
B) may promote exploitation of financially needy women.
C) is a dangerous step toward selective breeding.
D) is too heavily regulated.
Answer: B
Q3) The second leading cause of neonatal mortality in the United States is A) congenital defects.
B) low birth weight.
C) sudden infant death syndrome.
D) HIV/AIDS.
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities
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129 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Rolf first demonstrated the ability to kick and reach, then learned to rock on all fours, and later combined the skills to crawl. Rolf is exhibiting evidence of
A) dynamic systems theory of motor development.
B) the cephalocaudal trend.
C) the proximodistal trend.
D) a built-in maturational timetable.
Q2) Baby Samantha adjusts her arm and hand movements to match the distance of objects from her eyes. Samantha is demonstrating A) shape sensitivity.
B) contrast sensitivity.
C) pictorial depth perception.
D) binocular depth perception.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about learning capacities?
A) Newborns are capable of classical, but not operant, conditioning.
B) Infants do not yet learn by observing others.
C) Newborns have built-in learning capacities that permit them to profit from experience immediately.
D) Infants' natural preference for novel stimulation often interferes with learning.
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Chapter 5: Physical Growth
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The best estimate of a child's physical maturity is
A) the distance curve.
B) biological age.
C) the velocity curve.
D) skeletal age.
Q2) Yesica is much taller than the worldwide average height for children her age. Yesica probably lives in a(n)
A) cold, Arctic area.
B) undeveloped region.
C) developed country.
D) poor nation.
Q3) Vi, age 12, is taller and heavier than her mother was at her age, and Vi's mother was taller and heavier than Vi's grandmother was at age 12. This is an example of the A) velocity curve.
B) proximodistal trend.
C) cephalocaudal trend.
D) secular trend.
Q4) Describe the pros and cons of participation in organized youth sports during childhood.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core
Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In making decisions, adolescents, more often than adults,
A) ignore well-learned intuitive judgments.
B) seek advice from parents or other trusted adults.
C) fall back on well-learned intuitive judgments.
D) weigh the pros and cons of possible outcomes.
Q2) Which of the following behaviors is characteristic of infants in Piaget's sensorimotor Substage 2?
A) a baby who drops toys down the steps in varying ways
B) a baby who accidentally makes a smacking noise while eating and later tries to reproduce the sound
C) a baby who can push aside a cover to retrieve a hidden toy
D) a baby who accidentally hits a toy hung in front of her and then tries to repeat this effect
Q3) When 4-year-old Leela wished for her grandmother to come and visit, and the very next day her grandmother arrived at Leela's house, Leela believed it was
A) because her grandmother knew every thought Leela had.
B) nothing out of the ordinary.
C) because magic accounts for events she cannot otherwise explain.
D) a special power that only Leela has.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Emergent literacy refers to
A) the automatic retrieval of word meanings in long-term memory during reading and writing tasks.
B) children's active efforts to construct literacy knowledge through informal experiences.
C) a method of reading instruction that parallels children's natural language learning.
D) an approach to beginning reading instruction that emphasizes phonics.
Q2) Which of the following statements is supported by research on reading?
A) Around age 7 or 8, a major shift occurs from "reading to learn" to "learning to read."
B) Children who read aloud fluently without registering meaning know little about effective reading strategies.
C) Children who receive whole-language instruction are more accurate spellers than children who are taught phonics only.
D) When reading is kept meaningful, children are motivated to participate in classroom discussions.
Q3) Describe and evaluate Siegler's model of strategy choice.
Q4) How can adults influence children's autobiographical narratives?
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Intelligence
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evidence on Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME) confirms that
A) stimulation provided by parents is moderately linked to mental development.
B) the black-white disparity in preschoolers' IQ decreases with age.
C) the extent to which parents talk to infants and toddlers contributes strongly to early spatial reasoning skills.
D) little can be done to increase the mental development of poverty-stricken children.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding stereotype threat and test performance?
A) If aware of ethnic stereotypes, African-American and Hispanic children perform far worse in "test" conditions than in "not a test" conditions.
B) If aware of ethnic stereotypes, African-American and Hispanic children perform far worse in "not a test" conditions than in "test" conditions.
C) Mounting evidence confirms that stereotype threat does not affect test performance in children or adults.
D) Stereotype threat only affects test performance when examiners are poorly trained.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recent evidence indicates that most children
A) do not experience a significant vocabulary spurt until they enter kindergarten, when vocabulary increases by 50 to 100 words per week.
B) experience a vocabulary spurt during the toddler years, learning as many as 5 to 10 new words per day.
C) experience a vocabulary spurt between ages 7 and 8, learning between 50 and 100 new words per day.
D) show a steady, continuous increase in rate of word learning throughout the preschool years, adding as many as nine new words per day.
Q2) Summarize the advantages of bilingualism, and describe a current approach to bilingual education in the United States.
Q3) Which of the following words is most likely to be among a toddler's first spoken words?
A) "skip"
B) "ball"
C) "tree"
D) "chair"
Q4) Describe the nativist and interactionist perspectives of language development.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following mothers is more likely to have a child who is better at understanding emotions?
A) Beth, who has four children and works full-time
B) Betty, who has a secure attachment bond with her child
C) Bev, who does not frequently talk about feelings or emotions with her child
D) Bettina, who refuses to disagree with her husband in front of her children
Q2) At the park, 13-month-old Felix wanders toward other toddlers, returns to his father, interacts briefly with a preschooler, and then returns to his father. Felix is demonstrating the concept of
A) stranger anxiety.
B) secure base.
C) self-efficacy.
D) emotional self-regulation.
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a self-conscious emotion?
A) pride
B) happiness
C) sadness
D) anger
Q4) Discuss paternal depression. How common is it? How does it interfere with children's development?
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Chapter 11: Self and Social Understanding
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127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A large survey of high school students found that part-black biracial teenagers
A) report as much discrimination as their black monoracial counterparts.
B) are almost always identity achieved.
C) have a stronger sense of ethnic identity than their monoracial black peers.
D) usually select the identity that most closely matches their physical appearance.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding achievement-related attributions?
A) Boys tend to receive messages from teachers and parents that their ability is at fault when they do not do well.
B) Positive trait statements encourage children to adopt an incremental view of ability.
C) Despite their higher achievement, girls more often than boys attribute poor performance to lack of ability.
D) Low-SES, ethnic-minority children often receive more favorable feedback from teachers when assigned to homogeneous groups of poorly achieving students.
Q3) How do children use their categorical self in the development of their self-awareness?
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Chapter 12: Moral Development
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about adolescent delinquency?
A) The late-onset type is far more likely to lead to a life-course pattern of aggression and criminality than the early-onset type.
B) Most research on adolescent delinquency has focused on boys from middle- and upper-SES families.
C) Early-onset youngsters seem to inherit traits that predispose them to aggressiveness and also show subtle deficits in cognitive functioning.
D) The longer antisocial young people spend in prison, the less likely they are to sustain a life of crime.
Q2) According to social learning theorists, operant conditioning is not enough for young children to acquire moral responses because
A) prosocial behaviors do not increase with positive reinforcement.
B) parents rarely provide reinforcement following a prosocial act.
C) many prosocial acts occur so rarely at first that reinforcement cannot explain their rapid development.
D) negative reinforcement does not decrease the likelihood of antisocial behavior.
Q3) What is moral identity, and why is it important to identify its origins?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Development of Sex Differences and Gender
Roles
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) By late childhood and early adolescence,
A) boys outperform girls on math achievement tests.
B) girls outperform boys on math achievement tests.
C) boys and girls perform similarly on math achievement tests.
D) girls are slightly advantaged in counting and arithmetic computation.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about sibling influences on gender typing?
A) Younger siblings tend to have a significant and lasting impact on older siblings' gender typing.
B) Sibling effects on gender typing are more complex than peer influences because they depend on birth order and family size.
C) Contrary to popular belief, birth order and family size have little, if any, impact on children's gender typing.
D) Children with same-sex siblings are less gender-typed than children with no siblings.
Q3) Describe the ways in which observational learning affects how children view gender roles.
Q4) Describe the development of gender constancy.
Q5) Explain the observed differences in the emotional sensitivity of girls and boys.
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Chapter 14: The Family
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132 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) In addition to more effective birth control, a major reason for the decline in family size is
A) increasing unemployment rates.
B) reduced access to welfare services.
C) a woman's decision to divide her energies between family and work.
D) increasing infertility rates among older couples.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding only children?
A) They tend to be spoiled and self-centered.
B) They tend to experience high levels of anxiety due to extreme parental pressures to succeed.
C) They tend to be less well-accepted in their peer group, because they have not had opportunities to learn effective conflict-resolution strategies.
D) They tend to have low self-esteem and perform poorly in school.
Q3) Kris and Kayla are the parents of two teenage boys. Which of the following statements are Kris and Kayla likely to make?
A) "Living with teenagers is stressful."
B) "Living with teenagers is easy."
C) "Boys are easier to raise than girls."
D) "Strict discipline is essential for raising well-adjusted children."
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Peers, Media, and Schooling
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As mutual trust and loyalty increase in importance, school-age children's friendships become more
A) complex.
B) intimate.
C) unstable.
D) selective.
Q2) Discussions that focus on recognition and mastery issues are typical of A) boys. B) girls.
C) teenagers.
D) young adults.
Q3) The main difference between a clique and a crowd is that A) clique membership is based on reputation and stereotype. B) a crowd is a more loosely organized group.
C) crowd membership predicts academic and social competence.
D) crowd membership is more important to girls than to boys.
Q4) Describe the differences between cliques and crowds, and how they develop.
Q5) Describe features of social-constructivist classrooms, including the three educational themes used in these settings.
Page 17
Q6) Describe the relationship between television violence and aggression.
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