Family and Human Development
Question Bank
Course Introduction
Family and Human Development examines the dynamic processes influencing individuals and families across the lifespan. The course explores key theories of human development, including physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth, as well as the structure, function, and diversity of families in contemporary society. Topics include family systems, parenting styles, attachment, gender roles, cultural influences, and the ways in which family relationships adapt to changes such as marriage, parenting, divorce, and aging. Through this course, students gain insight into the complex interplay between individual development and the family environment, preparing them to understand and support healthy family functioning and human growth.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Lifespan Development 3rd edition by Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2078 Verified Questions
2078 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) Systematic observations and case studies are examples of A) research designs.
B) theories.
C) research methods.
D) hypotheses.
Answer: C
Q2) Baby boomers are known for their collective emphasis on
A) the search for personal meaning, self-expression, and social responsibility.
B) marriage at an early age and a focus on family responsibilities.
C) vocational success over family obligations.
D) political aspirations, financial wealth, and personal achievements.
Answer: A
Q3) Dr.Geib believes that even powerful negative influences in the first few years of life can be overcome by later,more positive events.Dr.Geib sees development as A) mostly stable.
B) having substantial plasticity.
C) mostly influenced by heredity.
D) driven by early life experiences.
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Abnormalities of the sex chromosomes
A) tend to cause mental retardation.
B) often cause aggressive and antisocial behavior.
C) typically lead to miscarriage.
D) usually lead to fewer problems than abnormalities of the autosomes.
Answer: D
Q2) Emma,an athletically inclined child,tries out for the soccer team,although her parents have never played on a sports team.This is an example of A) a passive gene-environment correlation.
B) niche-picking.
C) an evocative gene-environment correlation.
D) epigenesis.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following countries has the higher childhood poverty rate?
A) Poland
B) Germany
C) the United States
D) Czech Republic
Answer: C
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby
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109 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A certified nurse-midwife
A) cannot legally deliver a baby at home in most states.
B) has a degree in nursing and additional training in childbirth management.
C) can perform a cesarean delivery and can administer medication to control pain.
D) is not a medical professional, but is trained in labor and delivery support.
Answer: B
Q2) Touching newborn Sarah's __________ is especially likely to elicit a response.
A) knee
B) elbow
C) palms
D) stomach
Answer: C
Q3) During Michelle's __________ month of pregnancy,the eyes,ears,and nose form.
A) second
B) third
C) fourth
D) fifth
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The cephalocaudal trend in physical growth is illustrated by A) earlier growth of the arms and legs than of the chest and trunk.
B) later growth of the arms and legs than of the hands and feet.
C) earlier growth of the legs and feet than of the arms and hands.
D) later growth of the trunk and legs than of the head and chest.
Q2) The prefrontal cortex
A) controls body movement.
B) is responsible for thought.
C) functions most effectively during the prenatal period.
D) reaches an adult level of synaptic connections during the preschool years.
Q3) By focusing on the shift from a novelty preference to a familiarity preference,researchers can use habituation to assess A) remote memory.
B) recent memory.
C) an infant's imitation ability.
D) an infant's motor development.
Q4) Describe the development of pattern perception.
Q5) Explain dynamic systems theory of motor development.
Q6) What influence does heredity have on physical growth?
Q7) Define and describe the cephalocaudal and proximodistal trends in body growth. Page 6
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensorimotor Substage 6 brings the ability to A) create mental representations.
B) engage in means-end action sequences.
C) master object permanence.
D) engage in intentional behavior.
Q2) Follow-up research shows that success at object search tasks coincides with A) the development of autobiographical memory.
B) the onset of telegraphic speech.
C) rapid development of the frontal lobes of the cerebral cortex.
D) the development of reflexive schemes.
Q3) Two-year-old Grace is very shy.With regard to speech,Grace is likely to
A) wait until she understands a great deal before trying to speak.
B) be slightly ahead of her agemates in vocabulary growth.
C) receive more verbal stimulation from her parents.
D) rely on infant-directed speech.
Q4) Describe Noam Chomsky's theory of language development,noting challenges to his perspective.
Q5) Discuss the development of cooing and babbling in hearing and deaf infants.
Q7) Define and describe the Piagetian concept of schemes. Page 8
Q6) Describe the strengths and weaknesses of the information-processing perspective.
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Page 9
Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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108 Verified Questions
108 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensitive caregiving is
A) a method of evaluating attachment security in toddlers.
B) moderately related to attachment security in diverse cultures.
C) strongly related to attachment security in diverse cultures.
D) related to temperamental characteristics, but not to attachment security.
Q2) Babies' earliest emotional life consists of A) fear and interest.
B) happiness and anger.
C) attraction to pleasant stimuli and withdrawal from unpleasant stimuli.
D) clear, well-organized signals following exposure to stimuli.
Q3) One of the psychoanalytic perspective's lasting contributions is its A) cross-cultural implications.
B) emphasis on the importance of experiences beyond infancy and early childhood.
C) emphasis on how parents manage their child's sexual and aggressive drives in the first few years.
D) ability to capture the essence of personality during each period of development.
Q4) Define attachment.Describe the three patterns of attachment insecurity as they are seen in the Strange Situation.
Q5) Describe categorical self development.How does it relate to gender typing?
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Few 3-year-olds
A) make gestures with crayons to represent an object or event.
B) scribble when given crayon and paper.
C) spontaneously draw so others can tell what their picture represents.
D) have the fine-motor skills to make representational forms.
Q2) Expansions
A) consistently affect children's usage.
B) eliminate errors in children's speech.
C) elaborate on children's speech, increasing its complexity.
D) restructure inaccurate speech into correct form.
Q3) Which of the following preschoolers is the most likely to be seen as more socially competent by teachers?
A) Sasha, who spends more of her time in the reading corner
B) Tim, who spends more of his time in the art corner
C) Rajesh, who spends more of his time with building blocks
D) Kendra, who spends more of her time at sociodramatic play
Q4) Describe the impact of educational television,such as Sesame Street,on children's development.
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Q5) Describe the development of writing.What does a preschooler's early printing look like?
Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Mildred Parten's research on peer sociability,play develops in what sequence?
A) nonsocial, parallel, cooperative, associative
B) nonsocial, parallel, associative, cooperative
C) cooperative, parallel, nonsocial, associative
D) associative, cooperative, parallel, nonsocial
Q2) Research on physical punishment suggests that Caucasian parents
A) view physical punishment as necessary for instilling moral values.
B) spank in the context of parental warmth.
C) typically consider physical punishment to be wrong.
D) believe that spanking is done with the child's best interests in mind.
Q3) Verbally and relationally aggressive acts are particularly frequent in
A) children's television programming.
B) police and hospital TV shows.
C) reality TV shows.
D) cartoons.
Q4) Describe two distinct purposes and three distinct forms of aggression.
Q5) Discuss the emergence of empathy in early childhood.How does this capacity affect prosocial,or altruistic,behavior?
Page 12
Q6) How do parents influence gender typing in early childhood?
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
A) was designed to downplay culturally dependent knowledge.
B) emphasizes only one factor-verbal reasoning.
C) was the first test designed to measure intelligence from infancy through late adulthood.
D) is more culturally biased than the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales, Fifth Edition.
Q2) Participation in community athletic teams
A) often results in psychological damage to children.
B) is the leading cause of childhood injury.
C) often interferes with school work and can cause a sharp decline in academic achievement.
D) seems to foster self-esteem and social skills.
Q3) Which of the following U.S.children is the most likely to score the highest on an intelligence test?
A) Wanda, who is African-American
B) Patrice, who is Hispanic
C) Reggie, who is Caucasian
D) Eileen, who is Asian American
Q4) Discuss the psychological consequences of childhood obesity.
Page 14
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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109 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Studies examining the relationship between stressful life experiences and psychological disturbance in childhood have found that
A) there is a strong relationship between stressful experiences and psychological disturbance.
B) it takes a great number of protective factors to prevent maladjustment.
C) often just one or a few protective factors account for a child being "stress-resilient."
D) traits and experiences that protect children against psychological disturbance are unknown.
Q2) Paternal involvement is associated with in childhood and adolescence with A) higher intelligence.
B) lower achievement.
C) more immature social behavior.
D) more gender-stereotyped beliefs.
Q3) Children who are separated from parents due to war-related violence
A) are unable to form meaningful relationships.
B) rely on help from their communities.
C) fare poorly, even after developing other relationships.
D) reject most adults, even close family members.
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Adolescent experimentation with any drug
A) is linked to depression, anxiety, and impulsive behavior. B) is a normal part of adolescence and, therefore, is not a cause for concern. C) is much greater among African-American than among Caucasian-American youths. D) should not be taken lightly because a single heavy dose can lead to permanent injury or death.
Q2) Contemporary research suggests that the storm-and-stress notion of adolescence is
A) much worse for boys than for girls. B) understated.
C) much worse for girls than for boys. D) exaggerated.
Q3) Discuss the impact that child-rearing styles have on academic achievement in adolescence.
Q4) Adolescents who dabble in alcohol,tobacco,or marijuana are best described as A) psychologically healthy, sociable, and curious. B) rebellious and defiant. C) having a high need for sensation seeking.
D) lonely and isolated.
Q5) Discuss the role of sleep in adolescent development.
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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110 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) College students who __________ tend to be advanced in moral reasoning.
A) work more part-time work hours
B) participate in more social activities
C) report more perspective-taking opportunities
D) are placed in homogeneous classrooms
Q2) Seventeen-year-old Paulette is Native American.She is aware of her cultural ancestry,feels a strong sense of pride in being Native American,and is becoming more sensitive to the attitudes and feelings associated with being part of her tribe.Paulette is developing
A) acculturative stress.
B) bicultural identity.
C) ethnic identity.
D) identity diffusion.
Q3) In adolescence,__________ parenting predicts high self-esteem.
A) uninvolved
B) permissive
C) authoritarian
D) authoritative
Q4) Define gender intensification.Explain the role of gender typing and androgyny in adolescent development.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ fat consumption is __________.
A) Unsaturated; a contributor to heart disease
B) Moderate; essential for normal body functioning
C) Excess; protective against colon cancer
D) Saturated; beneficial to cardiovascular health
Q2) Declines in __________ functioning contribute to many conditions of aging,including increased susceptibility to infectious disease and cancer.
A) nervous system
B) connective tissue
C) circulatory system
D) immune system
Q3) The heritability of longevity is
A) low.
B) modest.
C) high.
D) unknown.
Q4) List and describe five features of obesity treatment programs that promote lasting behavior change.
Q5) Describe how biological aging affects motor performance.
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a longitudinal study of 2,000 U.S.married people,one of the strongest predictors of divorce was
A) nagging.
B) substance abuse.
C) childlessness.
D) an unsupportive family member.
Q2) Many emerging adults
A) are settled in their careers.
B) explore alternatives in education and work.
C) move from identity achievement to identity diffusion.
D) are married and financially secure.
Q3) Deficits in __________ foreshadow poor conflict-resolution skills and eventual weakening of the marital tie.
A) passion
B) intimacy
C) commitment
D) attachment
Q4) Discuss the social clock.How does following a social clock impact development?
Q6) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships. Page 19
Q5) Discuss career development in early adulthood,focusing on career establishment.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ intelligence refers to skills that depend on accumulated knowledge and experience,good judgment,and mastery of social conventions.
A) Fluid
B) Crystallized
C) Naturalistic
D) Kinesthetic
Q2) Summarize the reproductive changes that men undergo during the aging process.
Q3) The __________ their reaction time,the lower people's scores on tests of
A) faster; memory
B) faster; reasoning
C) faster; problem solving
D) slower; memory, reasoning, and problem solving
Q4) Which of the following women is the most likely to report fewer menopausal complaints?
A) Laura, an American woman
B) Gerta, a European woman
C) Precious, an African woman
D) Noriko, an Asian woman
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Q5) Discuss changes to creativity that individuals experience in the aging process.
Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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Q1) Which of the following statements about good health and exercise in midlife is true?
A) Physical activity in midlife enhances self-efficacy and effective stress management.
B) Engaging in exercise during midlife is less positively associated with a positive outlook than in younger adults.
C) Middle-aged people who maintain an exercise regimen are not likely to perceive themselves as particularly active.
D) While good health positively affects energy and zest for life in early adulthood, it can have the opposite effect in midlife.
Q2) Which of the following relationships are usually closer for middle-aged adults and their aging parents?
A) father-daughter
B) father-son
C) mother-son
D) mother-daughter
Q3) Explain parental imperative theory.What are its criticisms?
Q4) Describe the ways that sibling relationships typically change in midlife.
Q5) Define possible selves.How do they change in midlife?
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Familial Alzheimer's disease
A) generally has an early onset-between ages 30 and 60.
B) progresses more slowly than sporadic Alzheimer's disease.
C) affects genes of chromosomes 3, 13, and 23.
D) typically appears after age 65.
Q2) Which of the following statements about the benefits of continuing education is true?
A) Participants report making new friends and developing a broader perspective on the world.
B) Participants develop ingrained stereotypes of aging through exposure to a variety of seniors.
C) It helps older adults realize that they should focus on social enrichment rather than cognitive development.
D) Few participants in continuing education show a willingness to acquire new knowledge and skills.
Q3) Discuss some nondrug protective factors that help reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease.
Q4) Discuss changes in taste,smell,and touch sensitivity in late adulthood.
Q5) How much sleep do older adults require? Discuss insomnia in late adulthood.
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to continuity theory,
A) mutual withdrawal between older adults and society takes place in anticipation of death.
B) social barriers to engagement, not the desires of aging adults, cause declining rates of interaction.
C) social interaction extends lifelong selection processes.
D) most aging adults strive to maintain a personal system that promotes life satisfaction.
Q2) Discuss gay and lesbian partnerships in late adulthood.What unique challenges do they face?
Q3) Arthur is looking forward to having more time for leisure pursuits after retirement.He is excited about trying out new options.Arthur should know that leisure activities pursued during retirement typically include
A) more vigorous physical activities.
B) new activities never pursued before.
C) activities that earn extra money.
D) things that have been lifelong interests.
Q4) What do older adults typically consider when choosing the right time to retire?
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Q5) What is a person-environment fit? How does this concept apply in late adulthood?
Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) During prolonged dying,
A) avoidance may be especially pronounced.
B) confrontation may be highly traumatic.
C) the bereaved engages in anticipatory grieving.
D) the bereaved engages in disenfranchised grief.
Q2) Which of the following statements about assisted suicide is true?
A) Assisted suicide often occurs without the patient's consent.
B) Assisted suicide is illegal in all U.S. states and Canada.
C) Nearly 60 percent of Americans approve of assisted suicide for terminally ill patients in great pain.
D) Assisted suicide is endorsed by the American Medical Association.
Q3) In many Native American groups,
A) death is met with stoic self-control.
B) dying people believe that it is possible to reach a state beyond the world of suffering.
C) an illness is viewed as a crisis that unites family members.
D) a karakia ceremony is conducted to ask the creator for peace.
Q4) What physical changes occur in the days before death? List the three phases a person moves through during the transition from life to death.
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Page 25