Family and Human Development Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Family and Human Development explores the dynamic processes of growth and change within individuals and families across the lifespan. This course examines how biological, psychological, and social factors interact to shape human development in the context of family systems. Topics include parenting styles, family diversity, communication patterns, cultural influences, life transitions, and the impact of contemporary issues such as technology and globalization on family life. Through theoretical frameworks and practical applications, students gain a comprehensive understanding of how families influence, and are influenced by, individual development and societal change.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Life Span Development 1st Edition by John W. Santrock
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17 Chapters
2063 Verified Questions
2063 Flashcards
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Page 2
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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185 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) After completing a study,a researcher must inform all the participants of the complete purpose and the results of the study.This is mandated by what APA ethical concept?
A) debriefing
B) results sharing
C) information disbursement
D) sharing of knowledge
Answer: A
Q2) The structure of Miss Darby's elementary classroom in New York City is based on sociocultural theory.Her classroom would likely be characterized by all of the following,EXCEPT
A) she has the children work at their own pace.
B) she has children work in groups to solve problems.
C) she spends a great deal of time working with individual children.
D) she is teaching students to use the computer and the Internet.
Answer: C
Q3) A way in which a context influences development that is characterized by events that are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances.
Answer: normative history-graded influences
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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Sample Questions
Q1) Meiosis is the process by which a cell divides and then divides again,leaving
A) four cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes.
B) three cells with 23 unpaired chromosomes.
C) six cells with 16 paired chromosomes.
D) four cells with 16 paired chromosomes.
Answer: A
Q2) This is one of the life-support systems of the embryo.It is a disk-shaped group of tissues in which small blood vessels from the mother and the offspring intertwine.Oxygen,water,salt,and food from the mother's blood are passed to the embryo.Carbon dioxide and digestive wastes from the embryo pass to the mother. Answer: placenta
Q3) Which of the following is more likely to occur in the child of a woman who smokes?
A) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
B) mental retardation
C) autism spectrum disorder
D) reactive attachment disorder
Answer: A
Q4) An infant that weighs less than 5½ pounds at birth. Answer: low birth weight infant
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Baby Dewayne moves his trunk and arms,but he is unable to control his hands and fingers.This is an example of the __________ pattern of development.
A) proximodistal
B) cephalocaudal
C) proximocaudal
D) cephalodistal
Answer: A
Q2) Research about the ability of infants to distinguish human speech sounds indicates that
A) young infants are capable of distinguishing only the sounds they hear in the language spoken around them.
B) the ability to distinguish all speech sound increases as infants grow older.
C) there are distinct stages in the ability of infants to perceive different speech sounds. D) infants gradually come to distinguish best the speech sounds of the language spoken around them.
Answer: D
Q3) Skills that involve large muscle activities such as walking and running.
Answer: gross motor skills
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5
Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) An attachment classification that is characterized by the infant's behaviors in the Strange Situation.These infants engage in little interaction with the caregiver,are not upset when the caregiver leaves the room,and do not reestablish contact with the caregiver on reunion.
Q2) A smile that does NOT occur in response to external stimuli is called a(n)
A) reflexive smile.
B) social smile.
C) protective smile.
D) attentive smile.
Q3) A smile that does not occur in response to external stimuli.It happens during the month after birth and usually during sleep.
Q4) Monsena is an independent and adventurous child who likes to explore new places in her environment.However,her mother is overly controlling and rigid.Developmental psychologists would say that a discussion of this discrepancy concerns
A) goodness of fit.
B) nonreciprocal interactions.
C) social dysfunction.
D) insecure attachment.
Q5) Define attachment.
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Chapter 5: Motor,Sensory,and Perceptual Development
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111 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Intuitive thought is to _______ as symbolic function is to _______.
A) creativity; reason
B) egocentrism; centration
C) reasoning; creativity
D) reasoning; mental representation
Q2) Hallie is very active.She loves to tumble and show off.She is not afraid of doing what her parents consider to be hair-raising stunts.She also loves to run and believes she is faster than her parents.This type of activity level and confidence is MOST characteristic of the
A) 2-year-old.
B) 3-year-old.
C) 4-year-old.
D) 5-year-old.
Q3) In general,critics of contemporary kindergartens believe that many kindergartens place
A) too much emphasis on achievement.
B) too much emphasis on nurturing children.
C) too little emphasis on the mastery of basic skills.
D) too much emphasis on children's social development.
Q4) Define centration.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general terms,the preschool child's understanding of self is A) concrete.
B) abstract.
C) symbolic.
D) transitory.
Q2) A kind of parenting style in which parents are warm,nurturing,and involved with their children.The parents,however,place few demands or controls on their children.
Q3) Which of these is true of gender schema theory?
A) This theory identifies constants in the way children understand gender.
B) This theory focuses on imitation as a process of gender socialization.
C) This theory demonstrates how emotions contribute to gender identification.
D) This theory states how ideas of gender appropriateness are developed.
Q4) When her mother asks Selena why she feels so sad,Selena says it is because her best friend just lost her puppy.Selena is exhibiting A) guilt.
B) empathy.
C) heteronomous morality.
D) lack of perspective taking.
Q5) Explain Erik Erikson's stage of initiative versus guilt.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the BEST explanation for why minorities earn lower scores on IQ tests?
A) environment
B) heredity
C) racism
D) unfair scoring
Q2) Describe two approaches to teaching children how to read.
Q3) Organic retardation is caused by
A) physical damage to brain tissues.
B) being raised by poorly educated parents.
C) an impoverished intellectual environment.
D) traumatic experiences in early childhood.
Q4) Currently,researchers are considering all of the following as possible causes of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD),EXCEPT
A) low levels of neurotransmitters in the brain.
B) heredity.
C) child abuse.
D) prenatal and postnatal abnormalities.
Q5) What are culture-fair IQ tests?
Q6) A kind of thinking that is characterized by reflection,productivity,and evaluation of evidence.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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Sample Questions
Q1) List at least three ways that parents (of children with low self-esteem)can facilitate the development of higher self-esteem in their children.
Q2) Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg agree that
A) cognitive stages are the underpinnings of morality.
B) biological processes must mature for morality to develop.
C) children learn morality through consequences of behavior.
D) morality is a critical period that must be reached by childhood.
Q3) Which of the following terms refers to self-evaluations in the different domains of an individual's life?
A) self-concept
B) self-esteem
C) self-awareness
D) self-control
Q4) Which of the following is an example of improving a child's self-esteem through achievement?
A) finding out what is important to a child's self-concept
B) telling a child that she is liked and respected
C) straightforwardly teaching a child a new skill
D) letting a child cope with a problem without assistance
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A girl's first menstruation.
Q2) Anorexia and bulimia affect:
A) men and women equally.
B) men more than women.
C) women more than men.
D) women more than older men,but less than younger men.
Q3) Ms.Chang is trying to prepare her health-class students for the onset of puberty.What should she tell the boys that they are likely to experience FIRST?
A) the first ejaculation
B) changes in voice
C) increased penis size
D) growth of facial hair
Q4) Thirteen-year-old Grace's blood tests indicate that her levels of testosterone are about twice as high as they were a year ago,and that her estradiol levels are about eight times higher than last year's.Grace is most likely experiencing
A) normal changes as a result of having entered puberty.
B) difficulties because of significant imbalances in hormonal levels.
C) abnormal levels of development of male physical characteristics.
D) abnormal levels of development of female physical characteristics.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true when comparing childhood and adolescent groups?
A) Adolescent groups are more interest based.
B) Childhood groups are more ethnically diverse.
C) Childhood groups have a more rigid structure.
D) Adolescent groups are more neighborhood based.
Q2) According to the contemporary view of identity development,your sense of identity is determined:
A) through attachment during infancy.
B) by your choice of family lifestyle.
C) by resolving the identity crisis during adolescence.
D) during infancy,childhood,adolescence,adulthood,and old age.
Q3) In the study of adolescent development,many differences that are found between ethnic groups (African-Americans,whites,Latinos,etc.)are really results of:
A) race.
B) genetics.
C) cultural mores.
D) socioeconomic levels.
Q4) List at least four circumstances that place teens at risk for suicide.
Q5) List three functions of adolescent friendships.
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research suggests that all of the following assets are especially important in predicting well-being in adulthood,EXCEPT:
A) intellectual assets.
B) financial assets.
C) psychological assets.
D) social assets.
Q2) Lauren was recently a victim of rape and is receiving counseling.Knowing the effects of rape,her counselor can predict that there is a 1 in _________ chance that Lauren will suffer some type of sexual dysfunction or reduced sexual desire if she does not receive effective counseling.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20
Q3) List at least two ways exercise contributes to a weight-loss program.
Q4) This theorist coined the term "emerging adulthood" to describe the transition from adolescence to adulthood in the United States.
Q5) According to William Perry,how does adolescents' thinking differ from young adults' thinking?
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Chapter 12: Gender
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Sample Questions
Q1) Early adulthood is continuous with childhood in that:
A) prior life experiences influence adult personality.
B) early childhood experiences determine what one is like as an adult.
C) early childhood experiences have little impact on adult personality.
D) prior life experiences are less important than current situations for adult personality.
Q2) Suzie and Richard are cohabitating,whereas Becky and Bernard are married.It is likely that:
A) compared to Becky and Bernard,Suzie and Richard have a more equal relationship.
B) compared to Becky and Bernard,Suzie and Richard's relationship will last longer.
C) compared to Suzie and Richard,Becky and Bernard feel more emotional strain on their relationship.
D) compared to Suzie and Richard,Becky and Bernard have less conventional beliefs about marriage.
Q3) List five principles,identified by Gottman,that make a marriage work.
Q4) Living together in a sexual relationship without being married.
Q5) Identify five common negative effects of separation and divorce on both women and men.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Moral Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) A kind of (adult)intelligence that consists of one's accumulated knowledge base and verbal skills.
Q2) After menopause,most women experience:
A) prolonged depression.
B) a loss of sexuality or sexual desire.
C) an increase in psychological disorders related to menopause.
D) no known negative effects.
Q3) Bernard is now in his 50s.Body fat accounts for __________ of his total body weight.
A) 5%
B) 10%
C) 20%
D) 30%
Q4) Identify three of the physical changes that take place during middle adulthood.
Q5) The number one factor that determines whether a woman will continue to have an active sex life during middle age is:
A) good health.
B) time.
C) the presence of a spouse.
D) sexual drive.
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Chapter 14: Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Critics of the life-events approach and the daily-hassles approach argue that:
A) neither tells us how individuals cope.
B) both emphasize the male experience.
C) neither has much impact on adult development.
D) both are culturally biased.
Q2) In a survey conducted by AARP (2004),divorced adults reported that they had generally stayed in their marriages and postponed their divorces because of:
A) their children.
B) financial problems.
C) religious beliefs.
D) cultural norms.
Q3) According to Levinson,the change to middle adulthood requires that the adult male come to grips with four major conflicts.Which of the following is NOT one of these conflicts?
A) being young versus being old
B) being attractive versus being unattractive
C) being masculine versus being feminine
D) being destructive versus being constructive
Q4) Define social clock.
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Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regular __________ has been shown to decrease the onset of physical disability in older adults.
A) weight training
B) walking
C) massage
D) checkups
Q2) Statistics reveal that the profile for most centenarians (people aged 100 and older)looks unusual as compared with other older adults.What is the difference?
A) These centenarians had mostly never gotten married.
B) These centenarians never had age-related diseases.
C) These centenarians were married more than once.
D) These centenarians were mostly millionaires.
Q3) Even though older adults process information more slowly,they often perform just as well as their younger counterparts in information processing tasks.What might account for this?
A) Older adults had higher motivation to succeed.
B) Older adults had learned to look farther ahead.
C) Younger adults had relatively less task orientation.
D) Younger adults had a less developed work ethic.
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Schools and Achievement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and briefly discuss Erikson's final stage of development.
Q2) Which theory explains why older adults spend most of their time with familiar individuals and family?
A) activity theory
B) socioemotional selectivity theory
C) social discontinuity theory
D) disengagement theory
Q3) Ron is a retired college professor.Ron's arthritis is getting worse,but he wants to remain active and use the skills he has developed.Which of the following would Ron do if his actions were consistent with the model of selective optimization with compensation?
A) continue with his job as he did before he retired
B) discontinue all of his academic work completely
C) continue doing all aspects of his former job,but do all these activities less frequently than before
D) focus on continuing one aspect of his former job,such as teaching,at a reduced rate and discontinue the rest
Q4) This researcher on aging proposes that the process of looking toward death is the primary catalyst for beginning a life review in old age.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Elisabeth Kübler-Ross,the third stage of dying is:
A) anger.
B) bargaining.
C) depression.
D) denial and isolation.
Q2) Levi sustained severe and irreversible brain damage in an auto accident.His wife and his parents decided to remove the life-support system,and Levi subsequently died.This is an example of:
A) active euthanasia.
B) passive euthanasia.
C) natural euthanasia.
D) culturally acceptable euthanasia.
Q3) An advance directive/living will must be signed when:
A) at least two medical professionals are present.
B) a doctor and a lawyer are present.
C) an individual is told he or she has a life-threatening condition.
D) an individual is still able to think clearly.
Q4) Discuss the current legally accepted definition of brain death,and the criteria involved in its determination.
Q5) Define euthanasia.Name and describe the two types of euthanasia.
Page 19
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