Family and Child Studies
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Course Introduction
Family and Child Studies is an interdisciplinary course that examines the dynamics of family life and the development of children within diverse social, cultural, and economic contexts. Students will explore theoretical perspectives and research on family structure, parenting, child development, and the impact of societal factors such as education, policy, and community resources. The course emphasizes understanding the complex relationships between children, their families, and broader societal influences, preparing students for careers in education, social services, and related fields that support family and child well-being.
Recommended Textbook
Exploring Lifespan Development 4th Edition by Laura
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19 Chapters
2178 Verified Questions
2178 Flashcards
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Page 2
E. Berk
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr. Kostel believes that development takes place in stages. This belief is consistent with the __________ perspective.
A) nurture
B) continuous
C) discontinuous
D) nature
Answer: C
Q2) Baby Gabriella claps her hands after her mother does. Gabriella is displaying __________.
A) reinforcement
B) classical conditioning
C) observational learning
D) adaptation
Answer: C
Q3) __________ is regarded as the founder of the child study movement.
A) Charles Darwin
B) G. Stanley Hall
C) Alfred Binet
D) Sigmund Freud
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A zygote that separates into two clusters of cells instead of just one produces
A) identical twins
B) dizygotic twins
C) triplets
D) homozygous offspring
Answer: A
Q2) A gamete __________.
A) contains 46 chromosomes
B) is formed through mitosis
C) contains 23 chromosomes
D) is formed when the chromosomes copy themselves
Answer: C
Q3) __________ halves the number of chromosomes normally present in body cells.
A) Mitosis
B) Genomic imprinting
C) Cytoplasm
D) Meiosis
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, Birth, and the Newborn Baby
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During her pregnancy, Padma increased her intake of coffee and tea. Her doctor is likely to tell her that high doses of caffeine contained in coffee and tea increase the risk of __________.
A) premature labor
B) limb deformities
C) respiratory distress at birth
D) low birth weight
Answer: D
Q2) In mammals, including humans, the sense of smell __________.
A) will not become adultlike for several years
B) helps mothers and babies identify each other
C) is the least developed sense at birth
D) will take about four months to become adultlike
Answer: B
Q3) __________ increases tenfold from the twentieth week until birth.
A) Amniotic fluid
B) Brain weight
C) Fetal length
D) Neuron production
Answer: B
Page 5
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As early as 3 months, infants prefer and more easily discriminate among __________ faces than among __________ faces.
A) female; male
B) negative; positive
C) male; female
D) animal; human
Q2) If learning has occurred in classical conditioning, and the neutral stimulus by itself produces a response similar to the reflexive response, the neutral stimulus is then called a __________.
A) neutral response
B) conditioned stimulus
C) conditioned response
D) reinforcer
Q3) Children who experienced marasmus or kwashiorkor display __________.
A) few conduct problems
B) a high degree of fine-motor coordination
C) a more intense stress response to fear-arousing situations
D) little to no lasting damage to organs
Q4) Describe how cultural variations in infant-rearing practices affect motor development.
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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117 Verified Questions
117 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ can be thought of as a "mental workspace" that we use to accomplish many activities in daily life.
A) Automatic processing
B) Sustained attention
C) Working memory
D) The sensory register
Q2) In contrast to the United States, most European countries __________.
A) do not require that caregivers have special training in child development
B) nationally regulate and fund child care to ensure its quality
C) offer government-subsidized child care only to low-SES families
D) do not regulate the child-care industry
Q3) Dr. Hahn believes that language is etched into the structure of the brain. Dr. Hahn endorses the __________ perspective of language development.
A) dynamic systems
B) nativist
C) behaviorist
D) interactionist
Q4) Describe the social-interactionist view of language development.
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Q5) Describe the signs of developmentally appropriate infant and toddler child care.
Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two-year-old Vanessa attempts to put her doll's jacket on herself. She then attempts to sit in her doll's highchair. Vanessa is displaying __________.
A) scale errors
B) continuity of control
C) self-recognition
D) a categorical self
Q2) When caregiver infant communication is seriously disrupted, infant __________ is common-a condition that impairs all aspects of development.
A) fear
B) sadness
C) anger
D) disgust
Q3) According to Thomas and Chess's research, __________ children are at high risk for anxious withdrawal and aggressive behavior in early and middle childhood.
A) inhibited
B) easy
C) difficult
D) slow-to-warm-up
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Even preschoolers with good language skills recall poorly because they __________.
A) prefer to repeat items over and over to remember
B) are not able to remember familiar, repeated events
C) prefer to intentionally group items that are alike to remember
D) are not skilled at using memory strategies
Q2) Adults often provide indirect feedback about grammar by using __________, which restructures inaccurate speech into correct form.
A) fast-mapping
B) an expansion
C) overregularization
D) a recast
Q3) Children with autism __________.
A) have narrow and overly intense interests
B) have smaller-than-average brains
C) engage in more make-believe play than typically developing children
D) excel in imitating others
Q4) Dominic is left-handed. He would like to know if his infant son is likely to be left-handed or right-handed. What can you tell him about the roles of nature and nurture in handedness?
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children of __________ parents are more likely to react with hostility when frustrated and use force to get their way.
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) uninvolved
Q2) Among Western children, when guilt occurs in appropriate circumstances and is not excessive or accompanied by shame, it is related to __________.
A) inflated self-esteem
B) an insecure attachment
C) poor emotional self-regulation
D) good adjustment
Q3) Treatment for aggressive children is best begun __________.
A) early, before their behavior becomes well-practiced and difficult to change
B) in mid- to late elementary school, once its impact on academic achievement is verifiable
C) during middle school, after their ability to inhibit impulses becomes well-practiced
D) during mid- to late adolescence, after their behavior patterns have developed
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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115 Verified Questions
115 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Educators who advocate a phonics approach argue that __________.
A) reading should be taught in a way that parallels natural language learning
B) from the beginning, children should be exposed to text in its complete form
C) children should first learn the basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds D) as long as reading is kept meaningful, children will be motivated to discover the skills they need
Q2) To help himself learn the words dog and hat, Roman generated a mental image of a dog wearing a hat. Which memory strategy did Roman use?
A) elaboration
B) organization
C) rehearsal
D) taxonomical grouping
Q3) Compared with Piaget's theory, neo-Piagetian approaches better account for
A) the abrupt mastery of logical concepts in middle childhood
B) the similar timing of the mastery of abstract thinking across cultures
C) the discontinuous restructuring of children's thinking
D) unevenness in cognitive development
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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116 Verified Questions
116 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When employed mothers remain committed to parenting, children display
A) lower self-esteem
B) less gender-stereotyped beliefs
C) increased behavior problems
D) lower achievement
Q2) Muriel spends most of her time with a particular set of girlfriends, who are in the same classroom and are similar to her in academic achievement and popularity. Muriel is __________.
A) a controversial child
B) a popular-antisocial child
C) part of a peer group
D) part of a counterculture
Q3) Elementary school teachers tend to stereotype boys who display "masculine" behavior as __________.
A) lazy and troublesome
B) diligent and compliant
C) smart and competent
D) hardworking and compliant
Q4) What factors foster resilience in middle childhood?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Occasional drug experimenters are __________.
A) seriously troubled young people who commit antisocial acts
B) usually impulsive, disruptive, and hostile in early childhood
C) usually psychologically healthy, sociable, curious young people
D) genetically predisposed to elevated sensation seeking
Q2) The decline in the overall U.S. high school dropout rate since the mid-2000s is largely due to __________.
A) the impact of legislation, such as No Child Left Behind
B) substantial gains in Hispanic teenagers' graduation rates
C) substantial gains in Native-American teenagers' graduation rates
D) the availability of high-quality vocational learning opportunities
Q3) The imaginary audience is most likely responsible for adolescents' __________.
A) increased argumentativeness with their parents
B) greater willingness to engage in risky behavior
C) self-consciousness and sensitivity to public criticism
D) ability to solve problems with many variables
Q4) Discuss effective interventions for adolescent parents.
Q5) Describe the sleep patterns of teenagers today. Discuss sleep deprivation.
Page 13
Q6) What can parents and teachers do to help adolescents adjust to middle and high school transitions?
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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121 Verified Questions
121 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss gender differences in friendship quality in adolescence.
Q2) Some studies on zero tolerance policies have found that they __________,
A) drastically reduce antisocial behavior, both in and out of school
B) reduce youth aggression and other forms of misconduct
C) focus on severe acts of disruptive and threatening behavior
D) heighten school dropout and antisocial behavior
Q3) According to one reexamination of Kohlberg's stages, __________.
A) "postconventional" morality is based on social conformity
B) people must reach Stages 5 and 6 to be considered truly morally mature
C) moral maturity can be found in a revised understanding of Stages 3 and 4
D) "postconventional" morality is attainable if you rely on your intuition
Q4) Effective parenting of adolescents strikes a balance between __________ and
A) freedom; coerciveness
B) connection; separation
C) control; coercion
D) separation; freedom
Q5) Describe Carol Gilligan's theory regarding the morality of girls and women. Are her claims supported by current research?
Q6) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence. Page 15
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Page 16
Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the cross-linkage theory of aging, bonds between protein fibers in connective tissue can lead to __________.
A) tightening of the skin and strengthening of the kidneys
B) loss of flexibility in the skin and clogging of arteries
C) increased flexibility and strengthening of the bones
D) reduced production of many hormones, especially estrogen
Q2) Which statement is true about free-radical damage?
A) It triggers biological aging.
B) It reduces longevity.
C) It increases with age.
D) It decreases with age.
Q3) From the freshman to the senior year of college, most students __________.
A) become better at reflecting on the quality of their thinking
B) lose their concern for human welfare and enthusiasm for political activism
C) show a decreased tolerance for racial and ethnic diversity
D) become experts in a field and develop master-level creativity
Q4) How does psychological stress affect health in early adulthood?
Q5) Describe the federal government's guidelines for dietary fat. How does the consumption of fat impact adult nutrition?
Q6) Briefly describe the psychological impact of attending college. Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love. Define its components, and discuss how each changes over the course of a relationship.
Q2) Among U.S. adults age 40 and older, 85 percent of women and 76 percent of men
__________.
A) are married
B) have been married at least once
C) are parents
D) have two or more children
Q3) In traditionally masculine fields, newly hired women whose training is equivalent to that of newly hired men are __________.
A) paid the same as the newly hired men
B) promoted more quickly than men
C) nevertheless paid less than men
D) more likely to find supportive mentors
Q4) __________ love is strong at the beginning of a relationship.
A) Compassionate
B) Affectionate
C) Passionate
D) Companionate
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bronson manages a fast-food restaurant. Which individual with similar qualifications and years of experience should he hire if he is looking for competent customer service?
A) Brandon, a 19-year-old
B) Alba, a 23-year-old
C) Donnette, a 30-year-old
D) Garfield, a 45-year-old
Q2) Middle-aged college students __________.
A) simply reinforce negative stereotypes of aging
B) are outperformed by younger students academically
C) require more assistance than their younger classmates
D) provide valuable intergenerational contact
Q3) People often rate middle-aged women as __________ than middle-aged men.
A) less emotional
B) more confident
C) more versatile
D) less attractive
Q4) Discuss hormone therapy, which is used to reduce the physical symptoms of menopause. What are the risks and benefits?
Q5) What is hardiness? How do hardy individuals cope with stress?
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about vocational life in middle adulthood?
A) Work is no longer an important aspect of identity or self-esteem in middle adulthood.
B) Middle-aged employees have higher rates of absenteeism than younger employees.
C) More so than in earlier or later years, people attempt to increase the personal meaning of their vocational lives.
D) Middle-aged employees have higher rates of job turnover and workplace accidents than younger employees.
Q2) Sudie is calm, even-tempered, self-content, comfortable, unemotional, and hardy. She is low in which "big five" personality trait?
A) neuroticism
B) extroversion
C) openness to experience
D) agreeableness
Q3) What is the feminization of poverty and how does divorce contribute to it?
Q4) Describe the sandwich generation.
Q5) Define possible selves and explain how they shift from early to middle adulthood.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Participation by people age 65 and older in continuing education programs
A) has increased substantially over the past few decades
B) has decreased significantly over the past two decades
C) is unlikely to benefit most participants, due to the associated costs
D) reinforces negative stereotypes of aging
Q2) Compared with younger drivers, older people are __________.
A) more likely to drive quickly
B) less likely to fail to heed signs
C) more likely to drive recklessly
D) less likely to yield the right of way
Q3) Research indicates that __________ has memory benefits and slows cognitive decline, at least in the short term, among older adults with mild cognitive impairment.
A) hormone therapy
B) insulin therapy
C) vitamin D
D) eating fatty foods
Q4) Define and describe terminal decline.
Q5) What are primary and secondary aging? How do they differ?
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ are the most frequently reported types of elder abuse.
A) Physical abuse, sexual abuse, and neglect
B) Sexual abuse, financial abuse, and physical abuse
C) Financial abuse, emotional abuse, and neglect
D) Physical neglect, sexual abuse, and financial abuse
Q2) Shenita, a retired drama teacher, spends a lot of her time volunteering at a local community theater. She also enjoys weekend trips to see plays with her former colleagues. Shenita's activities are consistent with the __________ theory of aging.
A) continuity
B) activity
C) disengagement
D) socioemotional selectivity
Q3) Which older adult is more likely to show physical and mental health problems following the death of a spouse?
A) Albert, whose wife's death was unexpected
B) Novella, whose husband's death was unexpected
C) Delphia, whose husband died after a long terminal illness
D) Bryant, whose wife died after a long terminal illness
Q4) Discuss the concept of gerotranscendence.
Page 23
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Chapter 19: Death, Dying, and Bereavement
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dying patients who __________ are more anxious about impending death.
A) have a lot of family contact during their illness
B) work through at least some incomplete tasks
C) feel they have much unfinished business to attend to
D) grant and seek forgiveness for past hurts
Q2) When Suzanne, Billie Jo's partner of 20 years, was dying, Suzanne's family barred Billie Jo from the hospital. And when Suzanne died, they prevented Billie Jo from attending the funeral. Consequently, Billie Jo may experience __________.
A) anticipatory grieving
B) disenfranchised grief
C) bereavement overload
D) emotional anesthesia
Q3) In the aftermath of horrific tragedies-such as mass school shootings-the most powerful approach to helping children recover from trauma is __________.
A) exposure to media about the incident, to help them confront their fears
B) de-emphasis on both loss-oriented and restoration-oriented activities
C) nurturing and caring relationships with adults
D) group bereavement intervention sessions
Q4) What is bereavement overload? Who is at risk for it?
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