Course Introduction
Experimental Psychology
Textbook Exam Questions
Experimental Psychology is an introduction to the scientific study of behavior and mental processes through empirical methods and experimental design. This course explores the principles and methodologies used to investigate psychological phenomena, including hypothesis formation, measurement, data collection, and statistical analysis. Students will learn about experimental controls, ethical considerations, and practical issues in conducting psychological research. The course covers a range of topics such as perception, learning, memory, cognition, and social behavior, providing hands-on experience in designing, conducting, analyzing, and interpreting experiments in psychology.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 4th Edition by E. Bruce
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Q1) The investigation of how behavior is strengthened by presentation of positive reinforcers (e.g. ,food)or withdrawal of negative reinforcers (e.g. ,shock)is best known as
A)classical conditioning.
B)the method of savings.
C)choice reaction time.
D)operant conditioning.
Answer: D
Q2) Reaction time refers to the time between theof a stimulus and a person's response to it.
A)sensation
B)transduction
C)change in intensity
D)presentation
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Q1) Damage to Wernicke's area is in which lobe of the brain?
A)Temporal
B)Occipital
C)Parietal
D)Frontal
Answer: A
Q2) The concept of distributed neural coding proposes that a specific object,like a face,is represented across a number of A)microelectrodes.
B)stimuli.
C)modalities.
D)neurons.
Answer: D
Q3) A grandmother cell responds
A)only to a specific stimulus.
B)to strong positive emotion.
C)to both positive and negative emotion.
D)to a variety of stimuli.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Perception
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Q1) When you listen to someone speaking a foreign language with which you are unfamiliar,the words may all seem to sound the same.You may find yourself wondering how those speakers are communicating when they are using the same words over and over again.The Gestalt law that is affecting you here is the law of A)similarity.
B)familiarity.
C)nearness.
D)good continuation.
Answer: A
Q2) The notion that every stimulus pattern is seen in such a way that the resulting structure is as simple as possible is called the law of A)common fate.
B)similarity.
C)pragnanz.
D)continuity.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Attention
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Q1) Treisman's model has been called a "leaky filter" model.Describe her model,and explain why it is "leaky." How does Treisman's model explain the results of Moray's "words in the unattended ear" experiment?
Q2) The use of a machine that tracks the movement of one's eyes can help reveal the shifting of one'sattention.
A)overt
B)covert
C)divided
D)dichotic
Q3) The Stroop effect demonstrates
A)how automatic processing can interfere with intended processing.
B)a failure of divided attention.
C)the ease of performing a low-load task.
D)support for object-based attention.
Q4) Define change blindness.Explain two sets of experimental data that illustrate this phenomenon.
Q5) Discuss the ways in which Nillie Lavie's research considers the roles of both processing capacity and perceptual load in the explanation of how people focus their attention.
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Chapter 5: Short term and Working Memory
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Q1) Remembering that a tomato is actually a fruit rather than vegetable is an example ofmemory.
A)semantic
B)acoustic
C)visual
D)iconic
Q2) The primary effect of chunking is to
A)maximize the recency effect.
B)increase memory for items by grouping them together based on sound.
C)develop a visual code to supplement a phonological code for the information.
D)increase the efficiency of short-term memory.
Q3) According to your text,when students are asked the top functions for which they use their memories,all but which of the following are commonly identified?
A)their daily schedule
B)learning material for exams
C)remembering names and phone numbers
D)labeling familiar objects
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Chapter 6: Long term Memory: Structure
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Q1) A study participant is given a list of words to remember.One week later,he recalls the list.Let's say that one of the list words was PEAR.Which of the following,none of which actually appeared on the list,would be most likely incorrectly recalled if the participant doesn't remember PEAR?
A)REAR
B)PAIR
C)APPLE
D)BEAR
Q2) The dramatic case of patient H.M.clearly illustrates thatis crucial for the formation of LTMs.
A)the hippocampus
B)synaptic consolidation
C)vitamin B1
D)deep processing
Q3) Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory?
A)Classical conditioning
B)Repetition priming
C)Procedural memory
D)Semantic memory
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Chapter 7: Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation
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Q1) According to your text,imagery enhances memory because A)research shows people like pictures better than words,so there is an enhanced emotional response.
B)the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words.
C)imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered. D)pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words.
Q2) Transfer-appropriate processing is likely to occur if
A)the rememberer generates his own retrieval cues.
B)the type of encoding task matches the type of retrieval task.
C)there is deep processing during acquisition of the new material.
D)imagery is used to create connections among items to be transferred into LTM.
Q3) In Slameka and Graf's (1978)study,some participants read word pairs,while other participants had to fill in the blank letters of the second word in a pair with a word related to the first word.The latter group performed better on a later memory task,illustrating the
A)spacing effect.
B)generation effect.
C)cued recall effect.
D)multiple trace hypothesis.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
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Q1) The experiment in which participants first read sentences about a baseball game and were then asked to identify sentences they had seen before,illustrated that memory
A)is better for vivid descriptions.
B)is like a tape recording.
C)depends on the participant's mood.
D)involves making inferences.
Q2) Research on eyewitness testimony has shown that the more confident the person giving the testimony is of their memories,
A)the more accurate the memories are.
B)the more convincing the testimony is to a jury.
C)the more likely they are to be influenced by a weapons focus.
D)the more accurate the memories are and the more convincing the testimony is to a jury.
Q3) A script is a type of schema that also includes knowledge of A)a sequence of actions.
B)what is involved in a particular experience.
C)information stored in both semantic and episodic memory.
D)items appropriate to a particular setting.
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Chapter 9: Conceptual Knowledge
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Q1) Rosch and coworkers conducted an experiment in which participants were shown a category label,like car or vehicle,and then,after a brief delay,saw a picture.The participants' task was to indicate as rapidly as possible whether the picture was a member of the category.Their results showed
A)the priming effect was most robust for superordinate level categories.
B)the priming effect was most robust for basic level categories.
C)no measurable priming effect.
D)the priming effect was the same for superordinate and basic level categories.
Q2) Two different definitions ofoffered by your book include (a)"the mental representation of a class or individual," and (b)"the meaning of objects,events,and abstract ideas."
A)exemplars
B)concepts
C)units
D)prototypes
Q3) Items high on prototypicality havefamily resemblances.
A)no
B)weak
C)moderate
D)strong
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Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
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Q1) Sometimes a behavioral event can occur at the same time as a cognitive process,even though the behavior isn't needed for the cognitive process.For example,many people look toward the ceiling when thinking about a complex problem,even though "thinking" would likely continue if they didn't look up.This describes a(n)
A)epiphenomenon.
B)inner scribe.
C)convergent behavior.
D)propositional behavior.
Q2) Explain the mental walk task.Describe the concept of "overflow" as it applies to the imaging of large and small objects.What do the results of mental walk experiments tell us about properties of the image field? Which side of the "imagery debate" do these findings support?
Q3) Mental-scanning experiments found
A)a direct relationship between scanning time and distance on the image.
B)an absence of mental scanning when processing a mental geometric image
C)a constant scanning time for all locations on an image.
D)that imagery does not represent spatial relations in the same way perceptual information does.
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Chapter 11: Language
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Q1) Which of the following is the best example of a garden path sentence?
A)Before the police stopped the Toyota disappeared into the night.
B)The man was not surprised when he found several spiders,roaches,and other bugs in the corner of the room.
C)The cats won't bake.
D)The Eskimos were frightened by the walrus.
Q2) Give an example of a garden-path sentence.Explain the syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing such sentences.
Q3) Chaz is listening to his grandma reminisce about the first time she danced with his grandpa 60 years ago.When his grandma says,"It seemed like the song would play forever," Chaz understands that it is more likely his grandma was listening to a radio playing and not a CD.This understanding requires Chaz use a(n)
A)garden path model.
B)given-new contract.
C)instrument inference.
D)age-appropriate principle.
Q4) Discuss how people perceive separate words in spoken sentences.Describe speech segmentation and discuss the role of context in this process.
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Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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Q1) The circle problem,in which the task is to determine the length of a line inside a circle,was proposed to illustrate
A)how analogies can be used to solve problems.
B)means-end analysis.
C)representation and restructuring.
D)the problem space.
Q2) Define and give examples of divergent thinking.How does this relate to creativity?
Q3) The fortress problem involves a fortress and marching soldiers,while the radiation problem involves a tumor and rays.Therefore,the two problems have very different
A)surface features.
B)operators.
C)structural features.
D)mental sets.
Q4) Which of the following provides the best example of functional fixedness?
A)Using a pair of pliers as a paperweight
B)Using a tire as a swing seat and as a football practice target
C)Using a juice glass as a container for orange juice
D)Using a wine bottle as a vase
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Chapter 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning
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Q1) Donovan volunteers his time to campaign for Joel Goodman.He spent all afternoon putting up "Goodman for Congress" signs around his town and arrived back at Goodman headquarters just in time to watch the Goodman- Hernandez debate on TV.Donovan was eager to watch the candidates debate each other,even though he was 100% sure he was going to vote for Goodman.Donovan's first response to the debate will most likely be
A)"I noticed that Goodman and Hernandez agreed on the new environmental policy."
B)"Did you hear how well Goodman answered that question on job creation?"
C)"I wonder why Goodman was so vague on the school tax issue when I know he has a clear idea about that."
D)"Hernandez is really going to make this a tight race."
Q2) Consider the following syllogism: If it's a robin then it is a bird. It is a bird.
Therefore,it is a robin.
In the example above,"Therefore,it is a robin" is aof asyllogism.
A)premise;categorical
B)conclusion;categorical
C)premise;conditional
D)conclusion;conditional
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