Experimental Psychology Question
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Course Introduction
Experimental Psychology provides an introduction to the scientific methods used to understand human cognition, emotion, and behavior. This course covers foundational experimental designs, measurement techniques, hypothesis testing, and data analysis within psychological research. Students will explore key topics such as perception, memory, learning, and social behavior while gaining hands-on experience designing, conducting, and interpreting psychological experiments. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, critical thinking, and the application of experimental findings to real-world psychological phenomena.
Recommended Textbook
Psychology From Inquiry to Understanding 3rd Edition by Scott O. Lilienfeld
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Chapter 1: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) A group of animal behaviorists has discovered several new species of insects in the Amazon jungle.They collect the new species for later study back at the camp.Due to advances in computer technology,they are able to transfer their findings immediately to other researchers studying insects.Their willingness to share these findings with other scientists shows their commitment to
A)critical thinking.
B)falsifiability.
C)peer review.
D)pseudoscience.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following psychologists would be most likely to argue that free will is something that does not truly exist,and that we are simply unaware of the environmental influences that affect our behaviors at any given moment?
A)B)F.Skinner
B)Sigmund Freud
C)Wilhelm Wundt
D)Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi
Answer: A
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Chapter 1: Exsetntion: Psychology and Scientific Thinking
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Q1) What famous American psychologist also heavily influenced the field of advertising?
A)William James
B)Carl Rogers
C)B.F.Skinner
D)John Watson
Answer: D
Q2) Assuming that something is true simply because a teacher or religious authority said it is so,is an example of the _____ fallacy.
A)appeal to authority
B)circular reasoning
C)hasty generalization
D)naturalistic
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 2: Research Methods
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Q1) A key factor to consider when reading about the results of a study on the Internet,in a newspaper,or in a news magazine is to
A)consider the source of the information.
B)determine how well it fits with what others have told you in the past.
C)rely on your common sense or "gut" intuition.
D)popular media outlets always have inaccurate information.
Answer: A
Q2) After carefully observing thousands of students,Dr.O'Brien revealed to his colleagues that students with brown eyes are statistically more likely to write with pens instead of pencils.Although his colleagues did not question his statistics,they did suggest that a finding such as this lacked
A)authenticity.
B)validity.
C)statistical measures.
D)practical significance.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Exsetntion: Research Methods
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Q1) Dr.Potter,an English professor,is curious about his students' attitudes toward one of his favorite books.What research method is he most likely to use to gather this information?
A)Survey
B)Case Study
C)Experiment
D)Naturalistic observation
Q2) Ryan,a professional bass fisherman,is trying to determine which lure is most effective on Wakeby Lake-the plastic worm he normally uses,or the new minnow-style lure he bought yesterday.Based on this scenario,what would constitute the control?
A)The new minnow lure
B)The plastic worm
C)Neither the minnow lure nor the plastic worm
D)There is no control.
Q3) The _____ variable is what the experimenter "manipulates" or varies.
A)control
B)dependent
C)operational
D)independent
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Page 6
Chapter 3: Biological Psychology
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Q1) When a neuron fires,it fires in a(n)_____ fashion,as there is no such thing as "partial" firing.
A)all-or-none
B)rapid fire
C)accidental patterned
D)quick succession
Q2) Hideki has had difficulty sleeping.His doctor wishes to examine his sleep patterns to determine the cause of his sleep problems.The doctor will most likely perform a(n) A)EEG.
B)CT Scan.
C)PET Scan.
D)MRI.
Q3) A cell in the human nervous system whose primary function is to help form myelin and the blood-brain barrier,respond to injury,remove debris,and enhance learning and memory is called a(n)_____ cell.
A)epidermal
B)adipose
C)glial
D)polypeptide-Y
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Page 7
Chapter 3: Exsetntion: Biological Psychology
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Q1) The flight-or-fight response is mobilized by the A)central nervous system.
B)somatic nervous system.
C)sympathetic nervous system.
D)parasympathetic nervous system.
Q2) Ali is in the hospital about to undergo a brain-imaging process that involves taking many X-rays from different angles.What type of imaging technique is being used?
A)electroencephalography (EEG)
B)magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
C)positron-emission tomography (PET)
D)computed tomography (CT)
Q3) _____ play(s)a critical role as a neurotransmitter that stimulates muscles to contract.
A)Acetylcholine
B)GABA
C)Dopamine
D)Endorphins
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8
Chapter 4: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) The somatosensory system responds to sensory information about A)body position and equilibrium.
B)temperature,touch and pain.
C)taste and smell.
D)sound and vision.
Q2) Cason is initially blinded as he walks out of a daytime movie.However,very rapidly his eyes begin to adjust to the bright light.What is the best explanation for his rapid recovery?
A)Perceptual adjustments
B)Sensory deprivation
C)Oversensitivity of his rods and cones
D)Sensory adaptation
Q3) The difference between high-definition television and regular television is analogous to which component of sound?
A)Pitch
B)Loudness
C)Amplitude
D)Timbre
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Chapter 4: Exsetntion: Sensation and Perception
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Q1) The name given to the sense of our body position is A)gustation.
B)proprioception.
C)somatosensory sense.
D)the vestibular sense.
Q2) Infant Esme is just waking up from her nap.As her mom enters the room,Esme turns her head in Mom's direction.Which of the following allowed Esme to know the direction Mom would be entering from?
A)Echolocation
B)Sound shadow
C)Auditory perceptual cues
D)Binaural cues
Q3) A disorder of the inner ear would be most likely to impact our A)equilibrium.
B)hearing.
C)sense of pain.
D)sense of smell.
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Chapter 5: Consciousness
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Q1) Even though sleep research suggests that most college students require approximately _____ hours of sleep nightly,they often get only _____ hours.
A)7; 6
B)9; 6
C)9; 8
D)10; 8
Q2) Which of the following statements might help you determine if an individual has narcolepsy?
A)"I sometimes fall into a deep sleep in the middle of a conversation."
B)"I don't have an adverse reaction to sleeping pills."
C)"I have difficulty getting to sleep."
D)"When I get up in the morning,I have the feeling that I had really bad nightmares."
Q3) In a strange condition called sex sleep,or _____,people engage in sexual acts while asleep and don't remember what occurred after they awaken.
A)nocturnal erotica disorder
B)circadian coitus syndrome
C)erotoslumber
D)sexsomnia
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Chapter 5: Exsetntion: Consciousness
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Q1) We spend the greatest amount of time engaged in what altered state of consciousness?
A)Dreaming
B)Under the influence of drugs
C)Out-of-body experiences
D)Sleeping
Q2) Which theorist,attempting to explain what dreams are all about,suggested that there are two levels of content to each dream-the manifest content and the latent content.
A)Freud
B)Cartwright
C)Domhoff
D)Van de Castle
Q3) At its most basic level,_____ is an exercise in suggestion.
A)hypnosis
B)meditation
C)dreaming
D)lucidity
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Chapter 6: Learning
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Q1) A small chamber used in operant conditioning of animals that limits the available responses and,thus,increases the likelihood that the desired response will occur,is called a(n)_____ box.
A)trial
B)Skinner
C)Thorndike
D)operant
Q2) The tendency for animals to return to innate behaviors following repeated reinforcement is called
A)equipotentiality.
B)instinctive drift.
C)SALTT.
D)discovery learning.
Q3) The kind of learning that applies to voluntary behavior is called _____.
A)operant conditioning
B)classical conditioning
C)effective based learning
D)discovery learning
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Chapter 6: Exsetntion: Learning
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Q1) Which theorist is responsible for suggesting that the distribution of phobias in the human population can be explained by biological preparedness?
A)Breland
B)Garcia
C)Seligman
D)Tolman
Q2) Who is best known for studying the phenomenon of insight in animals?
A)Köhler
B)Tolman
C)Seligman
D)Bandura
Q3) Thorndike's Law of Effect is most closely associated with which operant conditioning principle?
A)Positive reinforcement
B)Punishment
C)Premack principle
D)Negative reinforcement
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14
Chapter 7: Memory
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Q1) According to your textbook,some proponents of Scientology have suggested that negative statements overheard by fetuses,embryos,and even zygotes can be "reactivated" in adulthood,triggering low self-esteem and psychology difficulties.The research,however,has failed to support these claims.Which principle of critical thinking is best demonstrated by this example?
A)Occam's razor
B)Replicability
C)Extraordinary claims
D)Correlation vs.causation
Q2) Who is most likely suffering from retrograde amnesia?
A)Billy,who can't seem to learn a foreign language
B)Mariana,who struggles to remember the names of the people she just met
C)Cecil,who can't remember much of anything after his wife died
D)Margie,who can't remember much of anything prior to being attacked on the street after a late-night party
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Chapter 7: Exsetntion: Memory
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Q1) The first day of class,Sheila asked her professor what was the best way to learn and remember the material for the course.The professor responded,"Focus on identifying and understanding the meaning of the important terms and concepts." The instructor is advocating a _____ level of processing.
A)phonological
B)semantic
C)verbal
D)visual
Q2) It is believed the _____ memory system may handle automatic remembering,while the _____ memory system requires conscious effort.
A)depth; elaborative
B)prospective; retrospective
C)primacy; recency
D)implicit; explicit
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16
Chapter 8: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) Which of the following brain areas is primarily involved in speech comprehension?
A)Corpus's area
B)Wernicke's area
C)Broca's area
D)Munchausen's area
Q2) One explanation for schizophrenia holds that schizophrenic individuals have difficulty in filtering their attention.This is most closely related to the concept of
A)cognitive economy.
B)schema development.
C)chunking.
D)top-down processing.
Q3) E-mail can often lead to misunderstandings.This is because
A)it lacks extralinguistic information.
B)people misspell more often with e-mail than with pen-and-paper writing.
C)of decreasing literacy levels.
D)most people read e-mail more rapidly than other written forms.
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Chapter 8: Exsetntion: Thinking, Reasoning, and Language
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Q1) If I am given 10 math problems,and I can and do solve the first nine in the same way,I may struggle with the tenth problem if it requires a different method to solve it.This best illustrates the concept of
A)the salience of surface properties.
B)thin slicing.
C)mental sets.
D)hindsight bias.
Q2) What problem-solving strategies are essentially mental shortcuts?
A)Heuristics
B)Algorithms
C)Mnemonic devices
D)Cognitive shortcuts
Q3) Our co-worker says,"It's awful in here." To understand what she means,we must A)take into account extralinguistic information,such as location and facial expressions.
B)examine the grammatical structure of her comment.
C)examine the morphemes in the statement to determine the smaller units of meaning in the sentence.
D)ignore nonverbal cues so that we are not distracted.
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Chapter 9: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) What type of thinking could be described as taking different directions in search of a variety of answers to a question?
A)Decisive
B)Convergent
C)Heuristic
D)Divergent
Q2) Research involving family and adoption studies have demonstrated that
A)the higher the percentage of shared genes between people,the higher their IQ correlations will be.
B)siblings reared together and cousins reared together have similar IQ correlations.
C)the correlations between the IQ scores of cousins reared together are very strong.
D)the correlations between the IQ scores of cousins reared together are negative.
Q3) The deviation IQ score
A)compares mental age to chronological age.
B)is an IQ score expressed as a standard deviation.
C)is a culture-free IQ score.
D)is an IQ relative to one's same-aged peers.
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19
Chapter 9: Exsetntion: Intelligence and IQ Testing
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Q1) Marvis,the manager of a large business,always says,"Those are all great ideas,but now we need to pick the best one." What aspect of thought is Marvis focusing on?
A)Divergent thinking
B)Convergent thinking
C)Dichotomous thinking
D)Thinking outside the box
Q2) Which movement was Hitler's rise to power and his quest to produce the master race analogous to?
A)Ebonics
B)Darwinism
C)Genocide
D)Eugenics
Q3) In the 1980s,political scientist James Flynn observed that the IQs of Americans were rising at a rate of about _____ point(s)per decade.
A)1
B)2
C)3
D)4
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Chapter 10: Human Development
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Q1) Which of the following physical changes is associated with aging in men?
A)A loss of ability to hear low-pitched sounds
B)A reduction in testosterone levels
C)A reduction in interest in his career
D)An increase in the speed at which a man gets an erection
Q2) During menarche,teenagers experience
A)the start of menstruation.
B)the first ejaculation.
C)voice changes.
D)the end of menstruation.
Q3) In several of his movies,actor Adam Sandler has achieved fame by playing buffoons whose _____ ages were clearly far behind their _____ ages.
A)social; chronological
B)adolescent; adult
C)mental; social
D)chronological; mental
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21
Chapter 10: Exsetntion: Human Development
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Q1) During the _____ stage of development,a child will not have developed object permanence.
A)preoperational
B)sensorimotor
C)concrete operational
D)formal operational
Q2) Researcher Konrad Lorenz explored the concept of _____ by establishing himself as the first moving thing a clutch of newly hatched goslings saw.The result,as he predicted,was that the young animals followed him around religiously,clearly demonstrating their belief that he was their mother.
A)imprinting
B)sensory primacy
C)neonatality
D)the higher species-lower species schism
Q3) The correct order of the stages of prenatal development is
A)fetal stage,embryonic stage,zygotic stage.
B)germinal stage,embryonic stage,fetal stage.
C)zygotic stage,fetal stage,germinal stage.
D)zygotic stage,embryonic stage,germinal stage, fetal stage.
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Page 22
Chapter 11: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) Before entering first grade,little Mina used to love to read books.Once school started,her teacher began a program to motivate her students to read.She began to give stars to those children who finished a new book.As a result,Mina no longer reads while she is at home.What has likely occurred?
A)Mina's intrinsic motivation decreased.
B)Mina's extrinsic motivation decreased.
C)Mina's intrinsic motivation was unchanged.
D)Mina's intrinsic motivation was increased.
Q2) Types of gestures and movements that can display our emotions are called
A)facial feedback.
B)nonverbal leakage.
C)mere exposure.
D)primary emotions.
Q3) Who proposed the triangular theory of love?
A)Robert Sternberg
B)Soloman Asch
C)Stanley Milgram
D)Philip Zimbardo
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23
Chapter 11: Exsetntion: Emotion and Motivation
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Q1) According to the discrete emotions theory,emotions _____.
A)differ significantly across cultures
B)are independent of physiological responses at all
C)exist to serve evolutionary functions
D)are found only in civilized cultures
Q2) "Look at those two,they can't keep their hands off of each other! They've only been on two dates,and they barely know each other!" What type of love is being depicted?
A)Companionate
B)Infatuation
C)Committed
D)Intimate
Q3) According to the triangular theory of love proposed by Sternberg,_____ love is the ultimate love.
A)romantic
B)companionate
C)fatuous
D)consummate
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24
Chapter 12: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) The prevailing explanation for the relationship between stress and illness has been that increased levels of stress result in a decrease in the immune system's ability to protect the body from illness.On the other hand,it is possible that people who are experiencing stress engage in more health-damaging behaviors,this leads us to a greater likelihood of illness.This different explanation of the relationship demonstrates the importance of A)falsifiability.
B)ruling out rival hypotheses.
C)replicability.
D)extraordinary claims.
Q2) Research has consistently shown that having a good _____ is of critical importance in a person's ability to cope with stressors.
A)friendship
B)camaraderie
C)therapist
D)social support system
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Chapter 12: Exsetntion: Stress, Coping, and Health
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Q1) "Like cures like" is the foundation of
A)alternative medicine.
B)homeopathy.
C)complementary medicine.
D)traditional medicine.
Q2) Which is true about the DARE program?
A)It is very unpopular in schools.
B)It targets first and second graders.
C)It teaches the negative effects of using drugs.
D)It produces long-lasting effects.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Hassles have a greater effect on adjustment than major life events.
B)Hassles are minor annoyances or nuisances that tax one's ability to cope.
C)Only major life events,and not hassles,are associated with poor general health.
D)Difficulties with relaxing and insomnia only reflect everyday hassles and are not related to depression or anxiety.
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Chapter 13: Social Psychology
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Q1) The phenomenon whereby we are more likely to believe something we've heard many times is known as the
A)availability heuristic.
B)recognition heuristic.
C)rule of thumb.
D)bandwagon fallacy.
Q2) One of the key themes in Milgram's paradigm is the _____ the psychological distance between the teacher/participant and the experimenter,the _____ the obedience.
A)less; less
B)less; greater C)greater; less D)greater; greater
Q3) Who is least likely to be aggressive?
A)Cody,a Southerner who has just been insulted by a neighbor
B)Juan,who just watched a daylong marathon of slasher movies
C)Jeff,who has been drinking heavily at a bar
D)Shoshone,who lives in Anchorage,Alaska
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Chapter 13: Exsetntion: Social Psychology
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Q1) A group of chemists,who have been working together on a new diet pill for the last four years,met to discuss their new drug.Over the years,they have all come to respect each other and have formed a close bond.Upon discussing the effectiveness and safety of the diet pill,many members of the group found themselves agreeing with most of the comments that were made.Somewhere along the way,no one seemed to pay much attention to the fact that some of the subjects in the clinical trials of that drug became ill.It seemed that because nobody wanted to disrespect anyone else,the topic of ill subjects was dropped.What psychological phenomenon occurred here?
A)Social facilitation
B)Group polarization
C)Groupthink
D)Social loafing
Q2) Devin holds the viewpoint that a female physician will not be as effective as a male physician because females are too emotional in nature.Devin's way of thinking about this situation can best be described as
A)prejudiced.
B)ethnoracial.
C)an example of poor cognition.
D)discriminatory.
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Page 28
Chapter 14: Personality
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Q1) The practice of physiognomy,as well as that of phrenology,have been summarily discredited by modern scientific research.As it turns out,the bumps on a person's head and one's facial characteristics give virtually no information about their personality characteristics.This is an important reminder of the importance of the critical thinking principle of A)falsifiability.
B)correlation versus causation.
C)extraordinary claims.
D)ruling out rival hypotheses.
Q2) Many projective assessment tools have disputed levels of A)standardization.
B)representativeness.
C)subjectivity.
D)validity.
Q3) A major difference between the humanists and both the behaviorists and psychodynamic theorists is that the humanists focus on A)the destructive side of human nature. B)free will.
C)the scientific method.
D)unconscious information processing.
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Chapter 14: Exsetntion: Personality
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Q1) Which of the following statements might lead to feelings of incongruence?
A)"If you want to go out for the cheerleading squad,I think that is wonderful."
B)"I would rather you join the band than go out for the basketball team."
C)"I think it is wonderful when you draw pictures,but why don't you try using markers next time?"
D)"I know that you are shy,so why don't you sit in the back of the class?"
Q2) William's father wants him to join the army.William has no desire to join.What personality test could William fool the easiest into believing he had a psychological disorder that might keep him out of the army?
A)MMPI-2
B)Rorschach
C)CPI
D)MBQ
Q3) A key criticism of the trait perspective on personality development is that it
A)fails to explain the cause of the differences in the various trait dimensions.
B)focuses too much on the role of unconscious forces in personality development.
C)ignores the evil and selfishness that humans are capable of.
D)lacks supportive evidence for the existence of multiple trait dimensions.
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Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) After being passed up for a promotion and then getting into a heated argument with his son,a man disappears.He shows up two weeks later in another town with no memory of who he is or how he got there.He appears to be suffering from _____.
A)schizophrenia
B)a somatoform disorder
C)a dissociative disorder
D)factitious disorder
Q2) According to the data,the single best predictor of suicide is A)loss of a loved one.
B)depression.
C)a previous attempt.
D)unemployment.
Q3) Tommy is a seven year old boy with autism spectrum disorder (ASD).Which of the following would be inconsistent with this diagnosis?
A)He has difficulty with language skills.
B)He enjoys playing with his older brother.
C)He isn't interested in playing with anything except his Tickle-Me-Elmo toy.
D)His symptoms first showed up when he was 8 months old.
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Chapter 15: Exsetntion: Psychological Disorders
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Q1) The diathesis-stress model suggests that schizophrenia develops from A)genetic influences entirely.
B)environmental influences entirely.
C)exposure to stress.
D)a combination of a genetic predisposition to schizophrenia and exposure to significant stressors in their life.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding suicide?
A)More men than women attempt suicide.
B)More women than men attempt suicide.
C)Depression is a better predictor of suicide than are feelings of hopelessness.
D)There is no relationship between age and attempting suicide.
Q3) Any pattern of behavior that causes people significant distress,is uncommon in society,and/or harms their ability to function in daily life,may indicate the presence of
A)a mental disorder
B)humors
C)stress syndrome
D)adaptive behavior
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Chapter 16: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kennedy meets with a therapist who is trying to merge her "quiet expert" with her "risk taker" so that she'll become a complete "risky expert." This would be an example of
A)Ellis' rational emotive behavior therapy.
B)Freud's psychoanalysis.
C)Perls' Gestalt therapy.
D)Rogers' person-centered therapy.
Q2) _____ practitioners teach clients that negative thoughts such as "I'm worthless" are merely thoughts,not facts,while encouraging them to accept and tolerate the full range of their feelings,and act in keeping with their goals and values.
A)Avoidance and commitment therapy
B)Acceptance and commitment therapy
C)Dissonance and commitment therapy
D)Dialectical and behavioral therapy
Q3) Rico suffers from bipolar disorder.His psychiatrist will most likely prescribe
A)Lithium.
B)Prozac.
C)Ritalin.
D)Thorazine.
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33
Chapter 16: Exsetntion: Psychological and Biological Treatments
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10 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Psychologists find group therapy to be an effective approach to treatment because A)it is more effective at producing lasting changes than the individual treatments.
B)it allows participants to practice new skills in a safe environment.
C)they interact less with each individual patient.
D)they can make more money.
Q2) Psychotherapy is an intervention designed to help people to deal with and manage A)legal problems.
B)financial problems.
C)interpersonal problems only.
D)behavioral,emotional,and interpersonal problems.
Q3) Systematic desensitization is specifically designed to help a person to deal with his or her
A)depression.
B)dissociative identity disorder.
C)phobia.
D)psychopathic personality.
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