Experimental Psychology Practice
Questions
Course Introduction
Experimental Psychology explores the scientific methods used to investigate human behavior and mental processes. This course focuses on the design, execution, and analysis of psychological experiments, emphasizing topics such as perception, learning, memory, emotion, and cognition. Students will gain hands-on experience with experimental techniques, data collection, statistical analysis, and critical evaluation of research literature. Ethical considerations and applications of experimental findings to real-world issues are also discussed, providing a thorough foundation for understanding and conducting psychological research.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Psychology Connecting Mind Research and Everyday Experience 5th Edition by E. Bruce
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Cognitive Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following methods, often associated with structuralism, was used in the psychology laboratory established by Wilhelm Wundt?
A) Analytic introspection
B) Measuring reaction times
C) Operant conditioning
D) Classical conditioning
Answer: A
Q2) In which year was positron emission tomography (PET) introduced and made it possible to see which areas of the human brain are activated during cognitive activity?
A) 1969
B) 1984
C) 1991
D) 1976
Answer: D
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Cognitive Neuroscience
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Sample Questions
Q1) A synapse is
A) a tube filled with fluid that conducts electrical signals.
B) the structure that contains mechanisms to keep a neuron alive.
C) the structure that receives electrical signals from other neurons.
D) the gap that separates two different neurons.
Answer: D
Q2) You are walking down the street and see a nice car drive by. You notice its color, movement, and shape. All of these features are processed
A) in one localized area of the brain.
B) by a specific object neuron.
C) in different parts of the brain.
D) through fMRI potentials.
Answer: C
Q3) Which substance is released when signals reach the synapse at the end of the axon?
A) Axon
B) Receptors
C) Dendrites
D) Neurotransmitters
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Perception
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Sample Questions
Q1) Speech segmentation is defined as
A) creating a sentence from a series of spoken words.
B) ignoring the spaces between the spoken words of a sentence.
C) organizing the sounds of speech into individual words.
D) recognizing a few words out of many when hearing a largely unfamiliar language.
Answer: C
Q2) The results of Gauthier's "Greeble" experiment illustrate A) that neurons specialized to respond to faces are present in our brains when we are born.
B) that training a monkey to recognize the difference between common objects can influence how the monkey's neurons fire to these objects.
C) an effect of experience-dependent plasticity.
D) that our nervous systems remain fairly stable in different environments.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Attention
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Sample Questions
Q1) Proponents of multitasking would note ________ to support their opinion, whereas opponents of multitasking would point to ________ to justify their perspective.
A) selective attention; divided attention
B) distraction; selective attention
C) divided attention; distraction
D) attentional capture; divided attention
Q2) __________ is the process by which features such as color, form, motion, and location are combined to create our perception of a coherent object.
A) Binding
B) Integration
C) Assimilation
D) Equilibration
Q3) Placing tomatoes, onions, jalapenos, garlic, cilantro, and lime juice into a blender and turning it on to produce salsa is similar to which of the following?
A) the detector of Broadbent's filter model
B) the focused attention stage of feature integration theory
C) the dictionary unit of Treisman's attenuation model
D) the synchronization stage of the executive attention network
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Chapter 5: Short-Term and Working Memory
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Sample Questions
Q1) Observations that people may actually process and manipulate information rather than simply store it for brief periods of time challenged the conceptualization of
A) the phonological similarity effect.
B) short-term memory.
C) the persistence of vision.
D) the physiological approach to coding.
Q2) Which of the following stimuli will last longer in the receiver's sensory memory?
A) A red bird in the snow
B) A lion's roar at the zoo
C) An infant's first smile
D) A striped top on a mannequin
Q3) Which of the following stimulus characteristics most challenges the processing capacity of short-term memory?
A) frequency
B) color
C) complexity
D) source
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Chapter 6: Long-Term Memory: Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) In one or two sentences, write an autobiographical memory of something you recently experienced. Then identify the episodic and semantic components of that memory.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of an implicit memory?
A) Classical conditioning
B) Repetition priming
C) Procedural memory
D) Semantic memory
Q3) The primacy effect (from the serial position curve experiment) is associated with ___________ memory.
A) long-term
B) short-term
C) sensory
D) implicit
Q4) Researchers understood that KF had experienced a decline in short-term memory capacity because he had a digit span of ________ .
A) one
B) two
C) four
D) six
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Chapter 7: Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation
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Q1) Within the context of studying, which of the following would be related to an illusion?
A) Encoding
B) Highlighting
C) Spacing
D) Sleeping
Q2) James Nairne would say that effective encoding of memory is based on which of the following?
A) Rehearsal
B) Survival
C) Specificity
D) Mood
Q3) ___________ consolidation involves the gradual reorganization of circuits within brain regions and takes place on a fairly long time scale.
A) Remote
B) Standard
C) Systems
D) Synaptic
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Everyday Memory and Memory Errors
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extrapolating from the cultural life script hypothesis, which of the following events would be easiest to recall?
A) Retiring from work at age 40
B) Marrying at age 60
C) Graduating from college at age 22
D) Having a child at age 45
Q2) Which of the following terms does NOT reflect the concept of flashbulb memories?
A) Circumstantial
B) Accurate
C) Intense
D) Malleable
Q3) Flashbulb memory is best represented by which of the following statements?
A) It is vivid memory for emotional events.
B) It is vivid, highly accurate memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event.
C) It is memory for the circumstances surrounding how a person heard about an emotional event that remains especially vivid but not necessarily accurate over time.
D) It is vivid, highly accurate memory for emotional events.
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Chapter 9: Conceptual Knowledge
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person who has been diagnosed with ________ dementia has difficulty recognizing both living things and artifacts.
A) semantic
B) symbiotic
C) parallel
D) superordinate
Q2) Rosch and coworkers conducted an experiment in which participants were shown a category label, like a car or vehicle, and then, after a brief delay, saw a picture. The participants' task was to indicate as rapidly as possible whether the picture was a member of the category. Their results showed
A) the priming effect was most robust for superordinate level categories.
B) the priming effect was most robust for basic level categories.
C) no measurable priming effect.
D) the priming effect was the same for superordinate and basic level categories.
Q3) Present a hierarchical model for a living thing or artifact, moving from specific to general. Include at least three levels and be sure to include both sensory and functional properties.
Q4) Explain what is meant by the statement: The concept "cat" is the answer to the question "What is a cat?"
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Chapter 10: Visual Imagery
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Sample Questions
Q1) Imagery neurons respond to
A) all visual images.
B) only visual images in a specific category.
C) an actual visual image as well as imagining that same image.
D) concrete mental images but not abstract mental images.
Q2) Shepard and Metzler's "image rotation" experiment was so influential and important to the study of cognition because it demonstrated A) how easy mental rotation is for humans.
B) that humans cannot successfully rotate mental images beyond 90 degrees.
C) that humans can only perform mental rotation on "real-world" objects.
D) imagery and perception may share the same mechanisms.
Q3) A spatial imagery test measures a person's capacity with imaging which of the following?
A) Texture
B) Distance
C) Layout
D) Detail
Q4) Describe in detail two techniques that use imagery to improve memory. Explain the underlying principles that define why imagery works successfully as a memory enhancer.
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Chapter 11: Language
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale. He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)
A) instrument inference.
B) garden path sequence.
C) global connection.
D) anaphoric inference.
Q2) Identify the types of meaning dominance in language. Give examples of each to support your thinking.
Q3) Boxing champion George Foreman recently described his family vacations with the statement, "At our ranch in Marshall, Texas, there are lots of ponds and I take the kids out and we fish. And then of course, we grill them." That a reader understands "them" appropriately (George grills fish, not his kids!) is the result of a(n) ____________________ inference.
A) narrative
B) instrument
C) analogic
D) anaphoric
Q4) Explain how language and music are both similar and different.
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13
Chapter 12: Problem Solving
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ali works for Citrus Squeeze, a company that makes orange juice. Sales of their calcium-enhanced OJ have been poor, and the product was cancelled. His factory still had three cases of cartons, and Ali was told he could take them if he wanted them. With the cartons, Ali made several birdfeeders for his backyard and also planted tree seedlings in some of them; he used the remaining ones to build a "fort" for his four-year-old son. Ali's use of the cartons represents A) convergent thinking.
B) divergent thinking.
C) insight.
D) hierarchical organization.
Q2) The elements of the problem space include all of the following EXCEPT A) initial state.
B) operators.
C) goal state.
D) intermediate states.
Q3) Compare and contrast functional fixedness and mental set. Give examples of each in the context of problem solving to support your thinking.
Q4) What are potential drawbacks to group brainstorming? What strategies could be used to address these issues?
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Chapter 13: Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following activities would require Type 2 cognitive processing?
A) Zipping your jacket when it's cold
B) Choosing an entree from a menu
C) Making a left turn on a green light
D) Turning the lights off at bedtime
Q2) Of the following real-world phenomena, the confirmation bias best explains the observation that people
A) do not always make decisions that maximize their monetary outcome.
B) are more likely to purchase meat advertised as 80 percent fat free than 20 percent fat.
C) misjudge homicide as more prevalent in the U.S. than suicide.
D) can cite several reasons for their position on a controversial issue but none for the opposing side.
Q3) Given its definition, expected utility theory is most applicable to deciding whether to A) break up or stay involved with a current girlfriend.
B) go out for junior varsity hockey or junior varsity basketball.
C) buy first-class or coach tickets for a spring break trip.
D) take astronomy or geology as a physical science elective course.
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