Experimental Psychology
Mock Exam
Course Introduction
Experimental Psychology is a course that explores the methods and principles underlying psychological research. Students learn about experimental design, hypothesis testing, data collection, and statistical analysis, gaining practical experience in conducting experiments and interpreting psychological data. The course covers ethical considerations, validity and reliability of findings, and the application of experimental methods to various domains such as perception, cognition, learning, and behavior. By the end of the course, students will be equipped with the skills to critically evaluate psychological research and design their own empirical studies.
Recommended Textbook Methods in Behavioural Research 2nd canadian Edition by Paul C. Cozby
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Chapter 1: Scientific Understanding of Behaviour
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Q1) Which is NOT a characteristic of scientific inquiry as described by Goodstein's evolved theory of science?
A) Scientists must report their observations accurately to others.
B) Scientists search for observations that will verify their ideas about the world.
C) Science will grow when there is open exchange and competition among ideas.
D) Peer review of research is unnecessary with well designed studies.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following characteristics is true of pseudoscience? The A) hypotheses are testable.
B) claims rigorously consider conflicting evidence.
C) claims are stated using scientific-sounding terminology and ideas.
D) hypotheses are always falsifiable.
Answer: C
Q3) The empirical approach to science requires that
A) ideas based on intuition not be examined.
B) only knowledge presented by an authority figure be deemed correct.
C) knowledge be based on observations.
D) skepticism should be avoided when data are being presented.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Where to Start
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Q1) Victor has written a section of a research report that shows how past research and theory are connected to the current research problem and expected results.Victor has most likely written the _____ section.
A) introduction
B) method
C) results
D) discussion
Answer: A
Q2) To find out how many authors have cited a particular article in the years since it was published,you would consult
A) Psychological Abstracts.
B) Wikipedia.
C) Pubmed.
D) Web of Science.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Ethical Research
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Q1) In a research experiment,information that is revealed by the participants is protected by ____________.
A) informed consent
B) debriefing
C) anonymity
D) confidentiality
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a member of the Tri-Council in Canada,from which the Tri-Council Policy Statement (TCPS)derives its name?
A) National Research Council Canada (NRC)
B) Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC)
C) Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (SSHRC)
D) Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR)
Answer: A
Q3) The Tuskegee study involved
A) injecting unsuspecting patients with live cancer cells.
B) failing to provide treatment for men with syphilis.
C) appearing to administer severe shocks to participants.
D) exposing participants to extremes of freezing temperature.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Research Design Fundamentals
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Q1) Which of the following is least true of an operational definition? It
A) allows the researcher to translate the variable into specific techniques used to measure or manipulate a variable.
B) forces the researcher to discuss abstract concepts in concrete terms.
C) prevents others from replicating one's results.
D) allows a variable to be studied empirically.
Q2) What is the primary advantage of a field experiment over a laboratory experiment?
A) Variables are investigated in a natural context.
B) The third variable problem is eliminated.
C) Randomization procedures are simpler.
D) Mediating variables are considered.
Q3) When increases in the values of one variable are associated with both increases and decreases in the values of a second variable,what type of relationship is present?
A) Positive
B) Confounded
C) Curvilinear
D) Negative
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Chapter 5: Measurement Concepts
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Q1) A reliability coefficient determined by the correlation between scores on half of the items on a measure with scores on the other half of the measure is an example of _____ reliability.
A) test-retest
B) item-total
C) alternate half
D) internal consistency
Q2) Richard and Jacqueline are movie reviewers for the local newspaper.Both have just watched the same movie.Both assign the movie 5 out of 5 stars.Based on their ratings,we might conclude that there is
A) high reactivity.
B) high interrater reliability.
C) low reactivity.
D) low interrater reliability.
Q3) A difference between an interval scale and a ratio scale is
A) an interval scale has equal intervals;a ratio scale does not.
B) a ratio scale has equal intervals;an interval scale does not.
C) an interval scale has an absolute zero point;a ratio scale does not.
D) a ratio scale has an absolute zero point;an interval scale does not.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Observational Methods
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Q1) Dr.Silverman is interested in the daily activities of a group of 4<sup>th</sup> graders.He asks the children to indicate the amount of time per day they spend watching television,playing video games,and studying.This type of data gathering technique would be an example of a(n)_____ approach.
A) organizational
B) quantitative
C) qualitative
D) experiential
Q2) When Mrs.Harper asks elementary school children to indicate the number of books they have checked out of the school library during the past month,she is using what type of observational method?
A) Methodological
B) Reactive
C) Qualitative
D) Quantitative
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8
Chapter 7: Asking People About Themselves: Survey Research
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Q1) "Do you think it is important to decrease the extreme amount of money wasted on holiday decorations?" is an example of a _____ question.
A) double-barreled
B) negative worded
C) loaded
D) yea-saying and nay-saying
Q2) "Do you favour elected officials not be allowed to run for more than two consecutive terms in office?" is an example of which type of question?
A) Double-barreled
B) Simplistic
C) Yea-saying and nay-saying
D) Negatively worded
Q3) Probability sampling techniques are most important for
A) generalization of results to a population.
B) selecting participants for experiments.
C) obtaining significant results.
D) internal validity.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Experimental Design
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Q1) A researcher wants to find out how much fins increase swimming speed.This hypothesis could be tested with a counterbalanced repeated measures design by
A) randomly assigning half the swimmers to the no-fin condition and half to the fin condition.
B) having all swimmers first swim without fins,then swim with fins.
C) having half the swimmers first swim without fins and then with fins,and having the other half swim first with fins and then without fins.
D) having some swimmers swim with fins,some swimmers swim with only one fin,and some swimmers swim with no fins.
Q2) In a _____ design,half of the participants receive only a posttest,and the other half receive both a pretest and a posttest.
A) pretest-posttest
B) one-group pretest-posttest
C) Solomon four-group
D) two-group pretest-posttest
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Chapter 9: Conducting Studies
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Q1) The galvanic skin response (GSR)is used as a measure of
A) brain activity.
B) anxiety.
C) muscle tension.
D) body temperature.
Q2) Participants consume 8,16,24,or 32 ounces of alcohol and are then asked to recite the alphabet as quickly as possible.The amount of time it takes the participant to correctly recite the alphabet would be an example of a _____ measure.
A) self-report
B) physiological
C) reactive
D) behavioural
Q3) A researcher conducts his study with a small number of participants in order to reveal whether the instructions and procedures are clearly understood.This procedure is an example of a
A) manipulation check.
B) double blind study.
C) pilot study.
D) demand characteristic.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Complex Experimental Designs
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Q1) The main reason to use a 2 x 2 factorial design instead of two separate experiments (with one IV per experiment)is to
A) find the main effects of each independent variable.
B) find an interaction between the independent variables.
C) save time.
D) There is no good reason to use a 2 x 2 design if you can conduct separate experiments instead.
Q2) You design an experiment that manipulates the following variables: temperature (low or high);illumination level (low or high);and time of testing (day or night).For a completely repeated measures design,how many participants will you need to have 10 participants per condition?
A) 20
B) 150
C) 10
D) 100
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Chapter 11: Research Designs for Special Circumstances
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Q1) Causal inference in quasi-experimental designs is _____ difficult than in true experiments because quasi-experimental designs _____ the important features of true designs.
A) less;have more of B) more;lack
C) more;have more of D) less;lack
Q2) Dutton and Aron had an attractive female interview men who were crossing either a precarious suspension footbridge over a chasm,or a sturdy anchored footbridge over a small creek.The suspension-bridge participants used more sexual imagery to describe people in a picture than did the sturdy-bridge participants.What factor,other than excitement,might explain these results?
A) History
B) Regression toward the mean
C) Testing
D) Selection differences
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Chapter 12: Understanding Research Results:
Describ-Ingvariables and Relationships Among Them
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Q1) A negative value of r means that
A) there is no relationship between the two variables.
B) those who score high on one variable tend to score low on the other.
C) those who score high on one variable tend to score high on the other.
D) there was a mistake in calculating the value of r.
Q2) Which one of the following would be an appropriate measure of central tendency to summarize interval data?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Mode
D) Mean,median,or mode would be appropriate.
Q3) The _____ is a general term that refers to the strength of association between variables.
A) statistical index
B) effect size
C) standard deviation
D) linear degree
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Understanding Research Results:
Statistical-Inference Basics
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Q1) A researcher is interested in studying whether responses to lowering the legal age for drinking alcohol (for or against)varies by gender (male or female).Which statistical test would be most appropriate for this type of data?
A) Chi-square
B) Analysis of variance
C) T-test
D) Pearson correlation
Q2) Which statistical test would be most appropriate to examine the relationship between daily temperature and number of ice cream cones sold during the month of July?
A) Chi-square
B) analysis of variance
C) t-test
D) Pearson correlation
Q3) Negative results are problematical because they
A) are difficult to interpret.
B) are less important.
C) disprove the theory you are trying to support. D) are difficult to analyze statistically.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Generalizing Results
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Q1) The problem of generalizing to other experimenters is
A) only a problem for experiments involving human participants.
B) almost impossible to address through any practical approaches.
C) particularly important when the researcher conducts Internet surveys.
D) the possibility that results are generalizable only to certain types of experimenters.
Q2) Many studies are dependent on the use of volunteers.Volunteers differ from non-volunteers in that volunteers tend to be more
A) highly educated.
B) social and highly educated.
C) highly educated and in need of approval.
D) social,highly educated and in need of approval.
Q3) When findings are replicated using _____,our confidence in the generalizability of the findings _____.
A) college students;decreases
B) statistical interactions;increases
C) pretests;decreases
D) multiple methods;increases
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