Exercise Science Physiology
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Exercise Science Physiology examines the fundamental principles of how the human body responds and adapts to physical activity. This course explores key physiological systems including muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, and endocrine emphasizing their roles during exercise and training. Students will analyze acute and chronic physiological responses to various forms, intensities, and durations of exercise, as well as study factors influencing performance, recovery, and health. Special topics include energy metabolism, adaptations to training, environmental influences, and the physiological basis for exercise prescription, preparing students to apply biological concepts to fitness, health, and athletic contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Essentials of Anatomy Physiology 7th Edition by Frederic H. Martini
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Chapter 1: An Introduction to Anatomy and Physiology
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Q1) What is/are the primary function(s)of the skeletal system?
A) protection from environment
B) internal transport of materials
C) support, protection, and mineral storage
D) delivery of air for gas exchange
E) locomotion and heat production
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is the simplest level of organization?
A) cellular
B) chemical
C) organ
D) system
E) tissue
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: The Chemical Level of Organization
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Q1) Glucose-based starches are an example of the structure labeled #1.Identify the structure.
A) triglyceride
B) polysaccharide
C) glycerol
D) steroid
E) phospholipid
Answer: B
Q2) A(n)________ bond is a covalent bond that stores an unusually large capacity to perform work.
A) high-energy
B) polar covalent
C) ionic
D) electrically neutral
E) peptide
Answer: A
Q3) How does the RNA molecule differ from a DNA molecule?
Answer: RNA is usually single stranded and DNA is double stranded.RNA contains ribose sugars and DNA contains deoxyribose sugars.DNA contains the nitrogenous bases A,G,C,and T,while RNA contains A,G,C,and U.
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Chapter 3: Cell Structure and Function
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Sample Questions
Q1) Opening a bottle of perfume releases perfume molecules from the container,and within a few minutes the perfume can be smelled by a person many feet away from the bottle.This illustrates
A) diffusion.
B) facilitated diffusion.
C) osmosis.
D) filtration.
E) active transport.
Answer: A
Q2) A process that requires ATP energy to move a substance independently of its concentration gradient is called
A) active transport.
B) passive transport.
C) facilitated transport.
D) osmosis.
E) diffusion.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: The Tissue Level of Organization
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Sample Questions
Q1) Smoking damages the epithelial lining of the trachea,larynx,and airways of the respiratory system.Which problem would be related to this kind of damage?
A) diabetes
B) snoring
C) obesity
D) respiratory infections
E) problems sleeping
Q2) The type of connective tissue shown in the figure is the least specialized in adults.What is its primary function?
A) It cushions organs and provides support but permits independent movement.
B) It provides a storage of energy resources.
C) It provides firm attachment of muscles to bone, and conducts the pull of muscles.
D) It provides insulation.
E) It provides strength to resist forces applied from many directions.
Q3) Jim and Pam are at the beach soaking up the sunlight when Pam notices that Jim's feet are very callused and hers are not.What would cause Jim's feet to be callused,while Pam's are not?
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Chapter 5: The Integumentary System
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Q1) Functions of the skin include
A) regulating body temperature.
B) synthesizing antibodies.
C) producing adipose tissue.
D) synthesizing digestive enzymes.
E) release of large amounts of hormones.
Q2) During skin repair,most of the scab consists of an insoluble network of ________,a protein that forms from blood proteins during the clotting response.
A) keratin
B) dermicidin
C) melanin
D) collagen
E) fibrin
Q3) The condition that results from clogged sebaceous glands is A) a boil.
B) a carbuncle.
C) acne.
D) a blister.
E) a freckle.
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Page 7
Chapter 6: The Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Osseous tissue is classified as which of the following?
A) neural tissue
B) nonstriated muscle tissue
C) connective tissue
D) epithelial tissue
E) striated muscle tissue
Q2) Red bone marrow functions in the formation of
A) adipose tissue.
B) new bone.
C) blood cells.
D) osteoblasts.
E) osteocytes.
Q3) Structure M is the
A) maxilla.
B) mandible.
C) palatine.
D) zygomatic.
E) concha.
Q4) Differentiate between compact bone and spongy bone.
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Chapter 7: The Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fast fibers
A) have loosely packed myofibrils.
B) have a high concentration of myoglobin.
C) have many mitochondria.
D) have high glycogen reserves.
E) are about half the diameter of slow fibers.
Q2) A muscle that inserts on the radial tuberosity or the ulnar tuberosity is most likely involved in
A) elbow extension.
B) elbow flexion.
C) elbow abduction.
D) pronation.
E) protraction.
Q3) The area between Z lines is the A) sarcolemma.
B) sarcomere.
C) sarcoplasmic reticulum.
D) myofibril.
E) myofilament.
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Chapter 8: The Nervous System
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Q1) The ________ nervous system provides involuntary regulation of smooth muscle,cardiac muscle,and glandular activity.
A) central
B) autonomic
C) somatic
D) collateral
E) ganglionic
Q2) The ________ establishes emotional states.
A) basal nuclei
B) limbic system
C) cerebellum
D) midbrain
E) pons
Q3) Which structure contains cardiovascular and respiratory rhythmicity centers?
A) inferior colliculus
B) superior colliculus
C) pons
D) cerebellum
E) medulla oblongata
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Chapter 9: The General and Special Senses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nociceptors are sensitive to A) pain.
B) light touch.
C) vibration.
D) osmotic pressure.
E) blood pressure.
Q2) Your grandmother who lives in an assisted living facility is always complaining about how bad the food is.You eat there with her often and find the food to be cooked well and interesting,even though the food is not what you would really prefer.What is the most reasonable explanation for this?
A) Your grandmother only likes food that she cooks.
B) She has had a stroke that affected her primary gustatory cortex.
C) She has fewer gustatory cells in her taste bud receptors.
D) She has no functional olfactory receptors anymore, and smell is a dominant part of taste.
E) Because of wear-and-tear on her tongue over the years, her taste buds are gone.
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Chapter 10: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids causes
A) Cushing disease.
B) cretinism.
C) acromegaly.
D) goiter.
E) Addison's disease.
Q2) The hormone that dominates during the Alarm Phase of the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)is
A) testosterone.
B) aldosterone.
C) cortisol.
D) thyroid hormone.
E) epinephrine.
Q3) Thyroid hormones are derived from the amino acid
A) lysine.
B) leucine.
C) glycine.
D) tyrosine.
E) thyronine.
Q4) Explain the interactions of parathyroid hormone and calcitonin.
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Chapter 11: The Cardiovascular System: Blood
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Q1) A toxin that blocks the stomach's ability to release intrinsic factor would most likely cause
A) hemophilia.
B) an embolism.
C) leukopenia.
D) iron deficiency anemia.
E) pernicious anemia.
Q2) The extrinsic and intrinsic pathways join at the common pathway through the activation of which clotting substance produced by the liver?
A) albumin
B) fibrinogen
C) Factor X
D) calcium
E) vitamin K
Q3) A hemoglobin molecule contains
A) three protein chains, four heme groups, and two iron ions.
B) two protein chains, two heme groups, and four iron ions.
C) four protein chains, two heme groups, and two iron ions.
D) four protein chains, four heme groups, and four iron ions.
E) four protein chains, six heme groups, and two iron ions.
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Chapter 12: The Cardiovascular System: The Heart
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Sample Questions
Q1) Label D represents the A) pulmonary veins.
B) pulmonary trunk.
C) pulmonary arteries.
D) superior vena cava.
E) inferior vena cava.
Q2) Blood flowing from the left atrium to the left ventricle flows through the ________ valve.
A) aortic
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary
D) bicuspid
E) papillary
Q3) Label I represents the A) auricle.
B) left atrium.
C) right ventricle.
D) left ventricle.
E) interventricular septum.
Q4) Explain the significance of the thickness of the left ventricular wall.
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Chapter 13: The Cardiovascular System: Blood Vessels and Circulation
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Q1) The ________ is the vessel from which venous blood samples are typically collected.
A) basilic vein
B) median cubital vein
C) brachial vein
D) radial vein
E) ulnar vein
Q2) In a fetus,blood from the right atrium can flow freely to the left atrium through the ________,thus bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
A) foramen ovale
B) ductus arteriosus
C) fossa ovalis
D) ductus venosus
E) ligamentum arteriosum
Q3) The vessel that supplies blood to the face is the
A) internal carotid artery.
B) external carotid artery.
C) basilar artery.
D) anterior cerebral artery.
E) middle cerebral artery.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity
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Q1) NK cells secrete ________,which kills an abnormal cell by creating large pores in its plasma membrane.
A) histamine
B) pus
C) perforin
D) heparin
E) pyrogen
Q2) Choose the most accurate characteristic of B cells.
A) They help establish and control the sensitivity of the immune response.
B) They stimulate the activities of T cells.
C) They attack foreign cells, normal cells infected with viruses, and cancer cells that appear in normal tissues.
D) They continually monitor peripheral tissues.
E) They differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies.
Q3) ________ are macrophages found in and around blood channels in the liver.
A) Mast cells
B) Monocytes
C) Microglia
D) Kupffer cells
E) Neutrophils
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Chapter 15: The Respiratory System
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Q1) Airways that supply one lobe of a lung are called
A) secondary bronchi.
B) bronchioles.
C) tertiary bronchi.
D) primary bronchi.
E) alveoli.
Q2) Label F represents which structure(s)?
A) larynx
B) trachea
C) pharynx
D) bronchus
E) bronchioles
Q3) When the chest cavity has been penetrated,as in a pneumothorax,the amount of air in the respiratory system is reduced to the
A) tidal volume.
B) vital capacity.
C) minimal volume.
D) residual volume.
E) inspiratory reserve volume.
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Chapter 16: The Digestive System
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Q1) Besides proteins,which of the following is (are)a potent stimulator(s)of gastrin?
A) caffeine and small doses of alcohol
B) parasympathetic innervation
C) the sight and smell of food
D) chyme entering the duodenum
E) chyme entering the esophagus
Q2) The ________ duct empties into the vestibule at the level of the second upper molar.
A) submaxillary
B) submandibular
C) parotid
D) sublingual
E) vestibular
Q3) Ingestion refers to the
A) progressive dehydration of indigestible residue.
B) input of food into the digestive tract through the mouth.
C) chemical breakdown of food.
D) absorption of nutrients in the gut.
E) mixing of nutrients with digestive enzymes.
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Chapter 17: Metabolism and Energetics
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Q1) Most cells generate ATP and other high-energy compounds by breaking down carbohydrates,especially
A) ribose.
B) galactose.
C) sucrose.
D) fructose.
E) glucose.
Q2) Protein catabolism is an impractical source of quick energy because
A) the major byproduct is hydrogen, which cells cannot use for energy.
B) proteins are unimportant to cellular homeostasis.
C) the body cannot synthesize any of the amino acids, which it needs.
D) proteins are catabolized much too easily, resulting in homeostatic imbalance.
E) proteins are more difficult to catabolize than are complex carbohydrates or lipids.
Q3) The natural dietary sources for vitamin B (cobalamin)are
A) fruits only.
B) meats and milk.
C) vegetables only.
D) breads and potatoes.
E) leafy vegetables.
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Chapter 18: The Urinary System
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Q1) In the nephron loop,
A) active secretion of acids, ammonia, and drugs occurs.
B) ion pumps, which respond to aldosterone, exist.
C) reabsorption of ions, amino acids, water, and other organic nutrients is its primary function.
D) two-thirds of the sodium and chloride ions remaining in the tubular fluid are reabsorbed.
E) final adjustments are made in the composition and concentration of the tubular fluid.
Q2) Label E represents which of the following structures?
A) hilum
B) renal pelvis
C) renal cortex
D) renal medulla
E) renal sinus
Q3) Sylvia is suffering from severe edema (an abnormal buildup of serous fluid between tissue cells)in her arms and legs.Her physician prescribes a diuretic (a substance that will increase the volume of urine produced).Why might this help to alleviate Sylvia's problem?
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Chapter 19: The Reproductive System
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Q1) Label K represents which of the following structures?
A) urinary bladder
B) rectum
C) anus
D) urethra
E) sigmoid colon
Q2) The following is a list of structures of the male reproductive tract. 1.ductus deferens
2)urethra
3)ejaculatory duct
4)epididymis
The correct order in which spermatozoa pass through these structures from the testes to the penis is
A) 1, 3, 4, 2.
B) 4, 3, 1, 2.
C) 4, 1, 2, 3.
D) 4, 1, 3, 2.
E) 1, 4, 3, 2.
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Chapter 20: Development and Inheritance
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Sample Questions
Q1) An individual who is homozygous dominant for a trait would be represented as A) aA.
B) aa.
C) AA.
D) Aa.
E) a fusion of the different phenotypes of the given trait.
Q2) At which gestational age do basic heart structures,major blood vessels,lymph nodes,and ducts form?
A) month 6
B) month 8
C) month 4
D) month 7
E) month 2
Q3) The division of the zygote into two blastomeres occurs during A) cleavage.
B) implantation.
C) placentation.
D) embryogenesis.
E) fertilization.
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