Exercise Physiology
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Course Introduction
Exercise Physiology explores the scientific principles underlying the physiological responses and adaptations to physical activity and exercise. The course examines how the body's major systems such as the muscular, cardiovascular, respiratory, and metabolic systems function during acute bouts of exercise and adjust to long-term training. Key topics include energy production, muscle contraction, cardiovascular and respiratory dynamics, hormonal regulation, and environmental influences on performance. Students also investigate the practical applications of exercise physiology in health, fitness, athletic performance, and disease prevention.
Recommended Textbook
Basic Biomechanics 6th Edition by Susan Hall
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Page 2
Chapter 1: What Is Biomechanics
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Sample Questions
Q1) An overuse condition caused by compression of the median nerve, involving numbness, tingling and pain in the hand is called
Answer: carpal tunnel syndrome
Q2) The kinetics of an exercise or sport skill execution is commonly known as form or technique.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which of the following characterizes a formal problem?
A) a goal or answer
B) a set of given information
C) a set of operations that can be used to arrive at the desired answer from the given information
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q4) A field that focuses on the prevention of work-related injuries and the improvement of working conditions and worker performance is known as __________________ biomechanics.
Answer: occupational
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Kinematic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is/are examples of superficial muscle(s)?
A) biceps
B) triceps
C) gastrocnemius
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) In anatomical position, the forearm is in what position?
A) pronated
B) supinated
C) flexed
D) abducted
Answer: B
Q3) Translation is synonymous with general motion.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Translation is a synonym for __________________ motion.
Answer: linear
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Kinetic Concepts for Analyzing Human Motion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The metric units for mass and weight are the same.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The "quantity of matter composing a body" defines what?
A) weight
B) momentum
C) mass
D) inertia
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following will reduce the pressure of a baseball against a catcher's hand?
A) reduce the force with which the ball is thrown
B) wear a catcher's mitt
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Answer: C
Q4) The vector sum of all forces acting on a system or a free body is called __________________ force.
Answer: net
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Chapter 4: The Biomechanics of Human Bone Growth and Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) In practical terms, a fast childhood game of hopscotch favors bone building over a very slow one.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following activities would likely produce the greatest bone mineral density?
A) swimming
B) cycling
C) walking
D) all of the above would provide equal contribution to bone health
Q3) What happens when osteoblast activity exceeds osteoclast activity?
A) bone hypertrophy
B) bone modeling
C) increased bone mass
D) all of the above
Q4) Which of the following is/are known risk factor(s) for developing osteoporosis?
A) smoking
B) calcium deficiency
C) excessive caffeine consumption
D) all of the above
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Chapter 5: The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal
Articulations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Hinge joints have how many axes?
A) none
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Q2) Studies show that PNF techniques can significantly increase joint range of motion after a single stretching session.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following refers to the stretching of muscles, tendons, and ligaments by a force other than tension in the antagonist muscles?
A) active stretching
B) passive stretching
C) ballistic stretching
D) none of the above
Q4) Pre-participation stretching has no effect on overuse type injuries.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the factors that contribute to joint stability.
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Chapter 6: The Biomechanics of Human Skeletal Muscle
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the down phase of a knee extension exercise, what role does the hamstring group play?
A) agonist
B) antagonist
C) stabilizer
D) neutralizer
Q2) List and explain the behavioral characteristics of the musculotendinous unit, including similarities and differences to other tissue.
Q3) Which of the following types of strength training is particularly associated with subsequent muscular soreness?
A) concentric
B) eccentric
C) isometric
D) all of the above
Q4) The _________________ fiber arrangement is a pattern of fibers within a muscle with short fibers attaching to one or more tendons.
Q5) Electrochemical delay in children is longer than in adults.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: The Biomechanics of the Human Upper Extremity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true about the rotator cuff muscles?
A) they work together with the deltoid for extension
B) they work together to hold the head of humerus in glenoid fossa
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q2) The brachialis is strongest and most effective as an elbow flexor when the forearm is in what position?
A) neutral
B) supinated
C) pronated
D) does not matter
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding ball and socket joints?
A) They allow motion in all three planes
B) They are triaxial.
C) The glenohumeral joint is an example.
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q4) The most commonly dislocated joint in the human body is the ___________________ joint.
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Q5) The anatomical name for the elbow joint is the ___________________ joint.
Chapter 8: The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which knee ligament is most likely to be damaged from a lateral blow?
A) medial collateral
B) lateral collateral
C) anterior cruciate (ACL)
D) posterior cruciate
Q2) The hip joint is the articulation between the ______ and the _______.
A) femur, acetabulum
B) femur, spine
C) femur, tibia
D) none of the above
Q3) When the legs are not free to move (i.e. they are supporting your body weight), what action will result from contraction of the hip flexors?
A) hip flexion
B) hip extension
C) anterior pelvic tilt
D) posterior pelvic tilt
Q4) List and describe at three common overuse injuries of the lower extremity, including symptoms, probably causes and treatment options.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Biomechanics of the Human Spine
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Sample Questions
Q1) Extreme lumbar curvature is called ___________________.
Q2) What is the most common type of vertebral fracture?
A) fracture to the coccyx
B) stress fracture of the pars interarticularis
C) cervical fracture
D) none of the above
Q3) The most superior cervical vertebrae is called what?
A) atlas
B) axis
C) atlanto-axial
D) none of the above
Q4) Movement of the spine occurs in which plane(s)?
A) sagittal
B) frontal
C) transverse
D) all of the above
Q5) Lumbar spondylolysis is more prevalent in men than women.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The term "slipped disc" is often used to describe a ___________________ disc.
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Chapter 10: Linear Kinematics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the average velocity of a cyclist who covers 5 miles in 30 minutes?
A) 5 mi/hr
B) 10 mi/hr
C) 30 mi/hr
D) 60 mi./hr
Q2) Neglecting the effect of air resistance, which of the following is/are true regarding the horizontal component of projectile velocity?
A) remains constant throughout flight
B) changes according to gravitational acceleration
C) equal to 0
D) both A and B
Q3) Which of the following components of projectile is affected by gravity?
A) vertical component
B) horizontal component
C) both A and B
D) depends on the individual situation
Q4) The highest point in the trajectory of a projectile is the ___________________.
Q5) A ___________________ is a body in free fall subject only to the forces of
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Chapter 11: Angular Kinematics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) A ___________________ is a simple tool commonly used by clinicians to measure joint angles on human patients.
Q2) The straight, full extended position of a joint is regarded as 0°.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is anatomical knowledge important when using a goniometer?
A) location of joint center determines placement of axis
B) bone location affects position of the goniometer arms
C) instant center of a joint can change during movement
D) both A and B
E) all of the above
Q4) Which of the following can contribute to the resultant linear velocity of a projectile at release?
A) tangential acceleration
B) radial acceleration
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q5) The symbols for linear kinematic quantities are English letters, whereas the symbols for angular kinematic quantities are ___________________ letters.
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Chapter 12: Linear Kinetics of Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is closest to a perfectly elastic impact?
A) modeling clay dropped on a hard surface
B) modeling clay dropped on a trampoline
C) superball dropped on a hard surface
D) superball dropped on a trampoline
Q2) Which quantity is not a force?
A) friction
B) mass
C) weight
D) gravity
Q3) Energy of motion is also called what?
A) potential energy
B) kinetic energy
C) strain energy
D) elastic energy
Q4) New blade designs have resulted in extremely low values for the kinetic friction coefficients of ice hockey skates on ice.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Equilibrium and Human Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following factors influences the amount of torque produced by muscles at a joint?
A) the amounts of tension generated by the muscles
B) the arrangement of the muscles around the joint
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Q2) If disruption of stability is the desired outcome, which of the following should be observed?
A) lower COM
B) increase base of support
C) increase friction
D) move COM to edge of BOS
Q3) In the human body, most of the lever systems formed by muscles pulling on bones are what class?
A) 1<sup>st</sup> class
B) 2<sup>nd</sup> class
C) 3<sup>rd</sup> class
D) no particular class is dominant
Q4) Discuss the factors that determine the force-generating capability of a muscle.
Q5) The ability to control equilibrium defines ___________________.
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Chapter 14: Angular Kinetics of Human Movement
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Q1) The product of moment of inertia and angular velocity is ___________________
Q2) Which of the following is true of a baserunner weighing 70 Newtons and a baserunner weighing 50 Newtons?
A) the centripetal force exerted on the heavier baserunner will be greater
B) the heavier baserunner will not be able to run as fast around the bases, due to a greater centripetal force
C) if the baserunners run at the same velocity around the bases, the heavier baserunner will have to lean in more towards the pitcher's mound due to a greater centripetal force
D) all of the above are true
Q3) Torque is the angular analogue of what?
A) momentum
B) force
C) mass
D) impulse
Q4) An axis that passes through the body's center of gravity is a ___________________ axis.
Q5) Discuss the factors that affect moment of inertia, including examples.
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Chapter 15: Human Movement in a Fluid Medium
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nature of the boundary layer depends on which of the following?
A) the roughness of the body's surface
B) the body's velocity relative to flow
C) both A and B
D) none of the above
Q2) Which of the following terms describes a force acting on a body in a fluid in a direction perpendicular to the fluid flow?
A) wave drag
B) surface drag
C) form drag
D) lift
Q3) List the 3 types of drag, including the factors that affect each type.
Q4) Which of the following is not true about drag?
A) it is a force caused by the action of a fluid
B) it is affected by surface area
C) it is affected by the density of the fluid
D) all of the above are true
Q5) Explain the theoretical square law, including examples.
Q6) Discuss the Magnus effect, providing examples.
Q7) A lift force created by spin is called ___________________ force.
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