Exercise Physiology Final Exam
Course Introduction
Exercise Physiology explores the acute responses and chronic adaptations of the human body to physical activity and exercise. The course delves into the underlying mechanisms of energy production, cardiovascular and respiratory function, muscle physiology, and hormonal regulation during various intensities and types of exercise. Students learn how exercise influences health, athletic performance, and disease prevention, with emphasis on the physiological changes resulting from endurance, strength, and flexibility training. Laboratory sessions provide hands-on experience in assessing fitness components, analyzing performance metrics, and interpreting physiological data to apply theoretical knowledge in practical settings.
Recommended Textbook
Vanders Human Physiology 12th Edition by Eric Widmaier
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19 Chapters
1736 Verified Questions
1736 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Homeostasis: a Framework for Human Physiology
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64 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a person begins to sweat upon entering a hot room but continued sweating is able to keep the body temperature constant,the person is
A)In equilibrium
B)Not using energy to maintain a constant temperature
C)In steady state
D)Using a positive feedback mechanism
Answer: C
Q2) A reflex is different than a homeostatic control mechanism because a reflex
A)Is not initiated by a change in the environment
B)Arc does not require an integrating center to take place
C)Does not require an afferent pathway
D)Is a localized response involving short distance communication
E)Will not always attempt to decrease the magnitude of the original stimulus
Answer: E
Q3) The internal environment consists of interstitial fluid and blood plasma.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) ________________ is a chemical released by axon terminals into a synaptic cleft.
3
Answer: Neurotransmitter
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Chapter 2: Chemical Composition of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Consider the adage familiar to anyone who has observed oil spills in the ocean or has made a salad dressing: "Oil and water do not mix." Which of the following helps explain this observation?
A)Oil is hydrophobic
B)Oil is nonpolar
C)Oil is composed largely of carbon and hydrogen
D)Water is hydrophilic
E)All of the choices are correct
Answer: E
Q2) The function of adenosine triphosphate is
A)To transfer energy in a cell
B)Catalyze chemical reactions
C)Store large amounts of energy within the cell
D)Act as a template for synthesizing lipids
E)All of the choices are correct
Answer: A
Q3) H<sup>+</sup> represents the ________ ________.
Answer: hydrogen ion
Q4) What is the atomic mass of H?
Answer: 1
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Chapter 3: Cellular Structure, Proteins, and Metabolism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are very specific describes
A)Protein kinases
B)Phosphoprotein phosphatases
C)Both protein kinases and phosphoprotein phosphatases
D)Neither protein kinases nor phosphoprotein phosphatases
Answer: A
Q2) Cholesterol
A)Is slightly amphipathic
B)Is a prominent lipid component of all membranes in a cell
C)Allows the plasma membrane to form vesicles that deliver their contents to cell organelles
D)Both is slightly amphipathic and is a prominent lipid component of all membranes in a cell are correct
E)Both is slightly amphipathic and allows the plasma membrane to form vesicles that deliver their contents to cell organelles are correct
Answer: E
Q3) The slowest reaction in a metabolic pathway is called the _______ reaction.
Answer: rate-limiting
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Chapter 4: Movement of Molecules Across Cell Membranes
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding the diffusion of nonpolar solutes across cell membranes is correct?
A)At equilibrium for solute X, the flux of X across cell membranes is zero
B)At equilibrium for solute X, the net flux of X across cell membranes is zero
C)At equilibrium for solute X, the concentration of X inside the cell is equal to its concentration outside the cell
D)Both at equilibrium for solute X, the flux of X across cell membranes is zero and at equilibrium for solute X, the concentration of X inside the cell is equal to its concentration outside the cell are correct
E)Both at equilibrium for solute X, the net flux of X across cell membranes is zero and at equilibrium for solute X, the concentration of X inside the cell is equal to its concentration outside the cell are correct
Q2) A portion of a cell's plasma membrane is removed during endocytosis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Molecules increase their rate of diffusion as temperature increases.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Control of Cells by Chemical Messengers
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Sample Questions
Q1) Competition for receptors is strictly a pharmacological phenomenon,since naturally occurring chemical messengers do not compete with each other for the same receptor site.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Amplification during a second messenger cascade is beneficial because amplification
A)Takes small molecules and makes polymers out of them
B)Results in the production of more of the first messenger
C)Allows a cell to respond to more different hormones
D)Allows small amounts of hormones to produce large responses in target cells
E)None of the choices are correct
Q3) Aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are more specific in their effects on eicosanoid synthesis than are steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Activated calmodulin functions to activate or inactivate cytosolic enzymes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Neuronal Signaling and the Structure of the
Nervous
System
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Sample Questions
Q1) A solution of water and ions is a (good/poor)conductor of electricity and thus offers (low/high)resistance to charge flow.These electrical properties are due to the ions in the solution,called ________.
Q2) During the rising (depolarizing)phase of an action potential,
A)PK<sup>+</sup> becomes much greater than PNa<sup>+</sup>
B)PNa<sup>+</sup> becomes much greater than PK<sup>+</sup>
C)PK<sup>+</sup> is the same as PNa<sup>+</sup>
D)Na<sup>+</sup> efflux (flow out of the cell) occurs
E)None of the choices occur
Q3) Cerebrospinal fluid
A)Has the same composition as blood plasma
B)Acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord
C)Is secreted by cells lining the ventricles
D)Both acts as a cushion for the brain and spinal cord and is secreted by cells lining the ventricles are correct
E)All of the choices are correct
Q4) Neuron cell division and nervous system growth continue throughout life.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The most abundant cells in the CNS are __________ cells.
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Chapter 7: Sensory Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ossicles in the middle ear
A)Serve to keep the pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane equal
B)Are part of the vestibular apparatus
C)Are in direct contact with both the tympanic membrane and the round window
D)Serve to amplify the pressure of sound vibrations from the air in the outer ear to the fluid in the inner ear
E)Are easily damaged by loud sounds
Q2) Shaking one's head "no" activates hair cells in the A)Cochlea
B)Utricle
C)Semicircular canals
D)Olfactory mucosa
E)Scalp
Q3) The transmission of information in a sensory system is analogous to the transmission of sound in a telephone system except that,unlike the telephone system,the sensory system does not retranslate the electrical signaling code back to the specific energy of the stimulus.
A)True
B)False
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Consciousness, the Brain, and Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Administration of chlorpromazine to a rat that has an electrode implanted in the lateral hypothalamus will cause an increase in rate of the rat's self-stimulation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is believed that the rhythmic patterns of the EEG most likely originate from this structure in the brain
A)Hypothalamus
B)Thalamus
C)Basal ganglia
D)Cerebellum
E)Hippocampus
Q3) Lack of an adequate amount of sleep at its worst can cause death,as well as serious memory retention and learning difficulties.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sleep-wake cycles are produced by interactions of nuclei in the brain stem.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Muscle
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Sample Questions
Q1) The calcium-binding protein in smooth muscle is calmodulin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Nervous stimulation of skeletal muscle is always excitatory,whereas nervous stimulation of smooth muscle may be excitatory or inhibitory.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The tension in a skeletal muscle can be increased by increasing
A)The number of motor units stimulated
B)The rate of stimulation to each motor unit
C)The number of fibers in the muscle through exercise
D)The number of motor units stimulated and the rate of stimulation to each motor unit
E)All of the choices are correct
Q4) During isotonic contraction of a skeletal-muscle fiber the
A)Sarcomeres shorten
B)A bands shorten
C)I bands shorten
D)Both sarcomeres shorten and I bands shorten are correct
E)Both A bands shorten and I bands shorten are correct
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Chapter 10: Control of Body Movement
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true with regard to control of body movement?
A)The highest level of the hierarchy of motor control includes the frontal lobe cortex, the primary motor cortex and the basal ganglia
B)The highest level of the hierarchy of motor control is composed entirely of areas of cerebral cortex
C)The middle level of the hierarchy of motor control assembles programs or patterns of activity and then monitors them as the movement is carried out
D)Both the highest level of the hierarchy of motor control includes the frontal lobe cortex, the primary motor cortex and the basal ganglia and the highest level of the hierarchy of motor control is composed entirely of areas of cerebral cortex are true
E)Both the highest level of the hierarchy of motor control is composed entirely of areas of cerebral cortex and the middle level of the hierarchy of motor control assembles programs or patterns of activity and then monitors them as the movement is carried out are true
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Chapter 11: The Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary function of thyrotropin is to stimulate secretion of thyroid hormones.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Insulin is important for growth both before and after birth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Most molecules of thyroxine and thyrotropin in blood are bound to proteins.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the hormones listed below has the most profound direct effect on the decrease of bone mass,increased resorption of bone,in response to lowered plasma calcium levels?
A)Thyroxine
B)Parathyroid hormone
C)Calcitonin
D)Cortisol
E)Insulin
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13
Chapter 12: Cardiovascular Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the clotting cascade,an enzyme activated toward the end of the cascade inhibits its own activation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sympathetic stimulation of cardiac muscle produces stronger and faster contractions because the concentrations of calcium in the sarcoplasm are reduced by the activity of actively transporting proteins pumping it out of the cell.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jane donates a pint of blood to a blood bank.A few minutes later,which of the following would be increased compared to its/their pre-donation values?
A)Her stroke volume and total peripheral resistance
B)Her heart rate and total peripheral resistance
C)Her heart rate and mean arterial pressure
D)The percentage of her cardiac output flowing to her kidneys
E)Blood flow to her brain
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Chapter 13: Respiratory Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The key difference between fetal hemoglobin and other forms is that fetal hemoglobin is less important to carrying the maximum threshold amount of oxygenbecause the levels oxygen in placental blood is 2 to 3 times higher than the normal level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most of the O2 carried in the blood is dissolved in plasma.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements regarding hypoxia is correct?
A)Exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia
B)"Anemic hypoxia" refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial \(P _ { o _ { 2 } }\)
C)Carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of anemic hypoxia
D)Both exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia and "anemic hypoxia" refers to the condition of lower than normal arterial \(P _ { o _ { 2 } }\) are correct
E)Both exposure to high altitude is a form of hypoxic hypoxia and carbon monoxide poisoning is an example of anemic hypoxia are correct
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Chapter 14: The Kidneys and Regulation of Water and Inorganic Ions
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Sample Questions
Q1) The filtered load of water is 180 L/day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A stimulus for increased aldosterone secretion is increased plasma levels of potassium.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The reabsorption of water in the nephron is accomplished as it follows the diffusion gradient created by sodium reabsorption.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Stimuli for vasopressin secretion include
A)Increased plasma osmolarity
B)Increased plasma volume
C)Ingestion of alcohol
D)Increased plasma osmolarity and increased plasma volume
E)All of the choices are true
Q5) The kidneys regulate the plasma concentrations of water,sodium,and glucose. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Digestion and Absorption of Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) The pH of the contents of the stomach lumen is considerably higher than that of interstitial fluid.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not secreted by the exocrine pancreas?
A)Bicarbonate ions
B)Amylase
C)Bile salts
D)Trypsinogen
E)Lipase
Q3) The presence of acid and peptides in the stomach stimulates the gastric phase of gastrointestinal control.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Because the large intestine has a greater diameter than the small intestine,the large intestine has a greater surface area.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Regulation of Organic Metabolism and Energy Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) The primary integrator of body temperature control reflexes is the
A)Medullary cardiovascular center
B)Cerebral cortex
C)Thyroid gland
D)Hypothalamus
E)Adrenal medulla
Q2) Receptors for the regulation of body temperature are heat and cold receptors in the skin,the CNS,and internal organs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As a result of binding to its receptor in skeletal muscle plasma membranes,insulin
A)Stimulates glycogen synthase
B)Stimulates glycogen phosphorylase
C)Inhibits the enzymes that mediate protein catabolism
D)Both stimulates glycogen synthase and inhibits the enzymes that mediate protein catabolism are correct
E)Both stimulates glycogen phosphorylase and inhibits the enzymes that mediate protein catabolism are correct
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Chapter 17: Reproduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true?
A)The mother and the fetus exchange nutrients by exchanging blood in the placenta
B)Chorionic gonadotropin maintains the corpus luteum
C)Chorionic gonadotropin levels are the highest at the end of pregnancy
D)From the time of implantation through delivery, the corpus luteum is the major source of progesterone
E)All of the choices are true
Q2) The implanting blastocyst "rescues" the corpus luteum by secreting
A)Large quantities of FSH and LH
B)GnRH, which stimulates the pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH
C)Chorionic gonadotropin
D)Progesterone and estrogen
E)All of these things
Q3) The primary storage site for sperm is the seminal vesicles.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Conversion of spermatids to spermatozoa involves cell division.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: The Immune System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements regarding the activation of complement is true?
A)Complement is activated only as a result of nonspecific immune responses
B)Complement is activated only as a result of specific immune responses
C)Complement is activated as a result of both nonspecific and specific immune responses, but the activation by specific immune responses is more robust
D)Complement is activated as a result of both nonspecific and specific immune responses, but the activation by nonspecific immune responses is more robust
E)None of the choices are true
Q2) The body's first line of defense against invasion by microbes is a physical and chemical barrier.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Cyclosporin may be useful for treating autoimmune disorders.
A)True
B)False
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20
Chapter 19: Medical Physiology: Integration Using Clinical Cases
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Sample Questions
Q1) Seldom does a disease state related to human physiology have associated effects on more than one of the major organ systems at the same time.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Sepsis,associated with bacterial infections,is defined by which of the following signs / symptoms?
A)Decreased respiratory rate and depth
B)Elevated / high neutrophil count
C)Decreased arterial pC<sub>O2</sub>
D)Increased arterial p<sub>O2</sub>
E)Hypothermia
Q3) Diseases,other than Graves' disease,which can produce symptoms of hyperthyroidism,could provide an error in diagnosis.Which physiological parameters should be examined also to rule out Graves' disease?
A)Fasting plasma glucose (diabetes mellitus)
B)Serum calcium (hyperparathyroidism)
C)Blood pH (diabetes mellitus)
D)Serum prolactin levels (hyperprolactinemia)
E)Serum protein levels (proteinuria)
Page 21
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