Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing Review Questions
Course Introduction
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing introduces students to the principles and processes of integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to inform nursing decisions and improve patient outcomes. The course covers the identification of clinical problems, formulation of clinical questions, systematic literature searching, appraisal of research quality, and application of evidence to practice. Through case studies and practical assignments, students develop skills in critical thinking, information literacy, and the ethical and effective use of evidence to enhance nursing care and advance professional practice.
Recommended Textbook Nursing Research 8th Edition by Geri
LoBiondoWood
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Integrating Research, Evidence-Based Practice, and Quality Improvement Processes
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Q1) Which of these actions demonstrates the role of a knowledgeable consumer of nursing research?
A) Designing a nursing research study
B) Analyzing data to determine a study's outcomes
C) Evaluating the credibility of research findings
D) Implementing an intervention found to be effective in one clinical case study
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following is a critical step for the quality improvement process in health care settings?
A) Outlining general long-range goals
B) Identifying current successful practices
C) Testing practice changes slowly and tentatively
D) Adopting a practice change as a new standard of care
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Research Questions, Hypotheses, and Clinical Questions
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Q1) A nurse has defined the research question as, "What is the lived experience of late-stage pregnancy loss among women older than 35 years?" What type of research-question format (or research design) is implied by this question?
A) Correlational nonexperimental
B) Comparative nonexperimental
C) Quantitative experimental
D) Grounded theory nonexperimental
Answer: D
Q2) Which research question is testable as currently written?
A) Should parents addicted to crack cocaine be permitted to raise their children?
B) Is the classroom an appropriate place to teach sex education to 10-year-old children?
C) Are older adults living in assisted-living facilities satisfied with their level of social interaction?
D) Is a positive HIV/AIDS status a sufficient reason for limiting the employment of elementary school teachers?
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Gathering and Appraising the Literature
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Q1) For which of these reasons would a nurse researcher decide to use secondary sources in a review of the literature?
A) They provide material written by the person who conducted the study.
B) They provide a different way of looking at specific issues or problems.
C) They define the relationship of two or more variables affecting an outcome.
D) They supplement the body of nursing knowledge in a specific area of practice.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of these factors limits the usefulness of the World Wide Web as a source of information for research consumers?
A) Downloading from the Web can be a slow process.
B) Nontext capabilities reduce the professionalism of presentations.
C) There is little quality control over the information on many websites.
D) Much of the available information is too technical to be understood by the casual reader.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Theoretical Frameworks for Research
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Q1) When reading a report of results of a nursing research study, the nurse notices that the theoretical framework is drawn from a discipline other than nursing. When critiquing the theoretical framework, the nurse should determine the answer to which of these questions?
A) Does the research have implications across disciplines?
B) Is the researcher a recognized leader in the discipline of nursing?
C) Does the author have special expertise or education in the discipline from which the theoretical framework is derived?
D) Has the author clearly indicated the meaning of the theoretical framework to the study and linked it to nursing?
Q2) In which way are theory and practice interrelated for the hospital-based nurse researcher?
A) Practice is the operational definition of theory.
B) Practice provides the opportunity to test theory.
C) Theory provides the evidence on which practice is based.
D) Theory generates questions that are used to refine practice.
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Qualitative Research
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Q1) Which type of clinical application of qualitative research would help a nurse describe the trajectory of an illness?
A) Insight or empathy
B) Assessment of status or progress
C) Anticipatory guidance
D) Coaching
Q2) How is the number of subjects for participation determined for a qualitative study?
A) Data are collected from new subjects until data saturation is reached.
B) The number of subjects is the number available at a specific location.
C) The number of subjects is the number available within the researcher's specified time frame.
D) A power analysis of data collected in a pilot study is used to determine the number.
Q3) Which research study characteristic would be \(\bold{inappropriate}\) for qualitative methods?
A) Testing a new hypothesis
B) Using an intensive approach to data collection
C) Employing inductive analysis of the data
D) Examining individual responses to a nonmodifiable situation
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Chapter 6: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) The nurse researcher opts to use grounded theory as the research method. Which action or behavior should be avoided in such a study?
A) Following hunches about emerging patterns before data collection is completed
B) Expressing the researcher's opinions or values to the participants
C) Changing the way experiences are collected or selected after the study has been initiated
D) Expanding codes or data categories as the study progresses
Q2) The nurse planning to conduct a qualitative research study should have which understanding about ethical issues in naturalistic settings?
A) It is not possible to obtain informed consent from study participants.
B) The emerging nature of the research design may require ongoing negotiation of consent.
C) The researcher-participant interaction is intentionally therapeutic in nature.
D) Validation of data by cross-checking research findings with participants taints the study.
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Chapter 7: Appraising Qualitative Research
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Q1) Before applying the results of a qualitative study in practice, the nurse should take several actions including which of these actions?
A) Use triangulation to combine quantitative and qualitative methods in a replication study.
B) Evaluate the credentials and experience of the researcher who conducted the study.
C) Determine if the concepts/themes identified in the study support the work completed by other researchers.
D) Be sure that the study's findings were significant at the 0.05 or greater level of probability.
Q2) Which outcome or overall purpose would be consistent with a qualitative study?
A) Development of creative solutions to practical problems
B) Prediction and control of a human phenomenon
C) Description of behavior within a context-free theoretical framework
D) Use of statistical analyses to determine significant differences between variables
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Quantitative Research
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Q1) When should a nurse researcher include an extraneous variable as part of a study's design?
A) When excluding the variable would limit the study's generalizability
B) When the variable is an important consideration for the study's outcome
C) When the researcher is limited by time or monetary constraints
D) When it would not make a difference in the overall study outcome
Q2) External validity refers to which of these issues?
A) The relationship existing between the independent variable and the study outcomes
B) The influence of a specific event on the independent variable
C) The degree to which extraneous or mediating variables interfere with the study outcomes
D) The degree to which findings are generalizable to populations beyond those studied
Q3) What action by a nurse researcher will help eliminate bias on the dependent variable?
A) Establishing strict eligibility criteria for the study participants
B) Ensuring that all data are collected by a single researcher
C) Formulating at least two hypotheses for each research question
D) Developing a strong theoretical framework for the study
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Chapter 9: Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs
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Q1) Which action would increase the control of an experimental study?
A) Establishing strict criteria for subject selection
B) Allowing participants to decide whether or not to be in the experimental group
C) Ensuring that subjects do not know the purpose of the experimental study
D) Increasing the number of assistants involved in data collection
Q2) How are threats to validity affected when studies are conducted in laboratory settings?
A) Threats to both internal and external validity are increased.
B) Threats to both internal and external validity are decreased.
C) Threats to internal validity are decreased, whereas threats to external validity are increased.
D) Threats to internal validity are increased, whereas threats to external validity are decreased.
Q3) What type of threat to validity is minimized by the use of a Solomon four-group design?
A) Mortality
B) Selection bias
C) Testing
D) Antecedent variable
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Chapter 10: Nonexperimental Designs
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Q1) Which method of data collection is most appropriate for a nurse researcher to use in a survey study?
A) Videorecording of people-to-people interactions
B) Direct participant observation
C) Unstructured interview
D) Questionnaires
Q2) Why would a nurse researcher choose not to use a survey study design?
A) Data analysis is limited with a survey design.
B) Information collected is relatively superficial.
C) Results are never applicable beyond the study population.
D) More subjects are required to reach statistical significance than for other study designs.
Q3) What study design allows study participants to serve as their own controls, allowing early trends in the data to emerge?
A) Cross-sectional
B) Ex post facto
C) Retrospective
D) Longitudinal
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Chapter 11: Systematic Reviews and Clinical Practice Guidelines
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Q1) ___ analysis of the located studies
Q2) What terms means a summation and assessment of research studies found in the literature based on a clearly focused question?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic review
C) Cochrane collaboration
D) Integrative review
Q3) ___ authors and contact person
Q4) ___ type of studies reviewed
Q5) ___ references and tables
Q6) ___ results
Q7) ___ abstract
Q8) What is known to contain bibliographic information on articles and books on reviewing research and methodological studies?
A) Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
B) Database of Abstracts of Review of Effects
C) Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials
D) Cochrane Methodology Register
Q9) ___ data collection Page 13
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Chapter 12: Sampling
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Q1) A nurse researcher should attempt to clearly specify exclusion criteria for a study sample because such criteria will do what?
A) Limit the time needed to complete the study
B) Reduce the effect of extraneous variables on the accurate evaluation of the outcome variable
C) Eliminate the outside influences and inferences regarding the effectiveness of a behavioral intervention
D) Ensure that an adequate sample size is accrued to meet assumptions for accurate statistical analysis
Q2) The primary characteristic of a probability sample is considered to be what?
A) Self-selection of subjects
B) Random selection of the sample
C) Subjects handpicked by the researcher
D) Representation of proportional segments of the population
Q3) Which type of sampling is most at risk for sample bias?
A) Quota
B) Random
C) Purposive
D) Convenience
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Chapter 13: Legal and Ethical Issues
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Q1) The issue of personal privacy may be more difficult for nurse researchers to protect in qualitative studies than it is in quantitative studies for which reason?
A) Participants may be related to each other.
B) The researcher meets face to face with most participants.
C) Participants are not asked to sign an informed consent statement.
D) Verbatim quotations from participants may reveal personal information.
Q2) Which is considered an essential element of the informed consent form for a research study?
A) The witnessing signature of an authorized party
B) The listing of members of the agency's IRB
C) Explanation of whom to contact regarding any area of the study
D) List of subject's assignment to intervention group or control group
Q3) What is the basic human right that is violated when a nurse researcher allows an unauthorized person access to study data containing information about subject identity and responses?
A) Justice
B) Beneficence
C) Confidentiality
D) Respect for persons
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Chapter 14: Data Collection Methods
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Q1) Which data collection method can be assessed by asking, "Is there evidence that subjects were able to answer the questions?"
A) Questionnaires
B) Interviews
C) Physiologic measurement
D) Records and databases
Q2) What should the nurse researcher expect to be the difference between data collection for patient care and data collection for the purposes of research?
A) For patient care, data are obtained from the patient and medical record; for research, data are obtained only from the patient.
B) Data collection for research may include direct patient quotations; in patient care, recording of direct quotations is avoided.
C) During research data collection, there is no direct interaction between the nurse and the patient.
D) Data collection for research purposes must be objective and systematic.
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Chapter 15: Reliability and Validity
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Q1) A new instrument has been determined to be highly valid. The nurse researcher should interpret this finding to mean what?
A) It is sensitive but not specific.
B) Its use results in minimal random errors.
C) It accurately measures level of mentation.
D) Determination of interrater reliability is unnecessary.
Q2) A nurse researcher determines an instrument's homogeneity using which type of reliability?
A) Split-half reliability
B) Test-retest reliability
C) Interrater reliability
D) Alternate form reliability
Q3) A newly developed instrument is found to have a Cronbach's alpha of 0.82. The nurse researcher interprets this to mean what?
A) The instrument has no internal consistency.
B) The instrument has a low degree of internal consistency.
C) The instrument has a moderate degree of internal consistency.
D) The instrument has a relatively high degree of internal consistency.
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Chapter 16: Data Analysis: Descriptive and Inferential
Statistics
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Q1) The nurse researcher opts to use a measure of variability. Which measure of variability does the researcher recognize as being most unstable?
A) Mean
B) Median
C) Range
D) Semiquartile range
Q2) Which data measurement scales typically use nonparametric tests of significance?
(Select all that apply.)
A) Nominal
B) Ordinal
C) Interval
D) Ratio
Q3) The nurse researcher finds that the data include a score reported to be in the 75th percentile. The researcher interprets this to mean what?
A) The score is at the median.
B) The score has exceeded the mode.
C) The score is exceeded by only 25% of the cases.
D) The score represents the average of all scores measured at this time.
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Chapter 17: Understanding Research Findings
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Q1) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to discuss the analysis choices?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q2) Which section of the report allows the nurse researcher to address support of the theoretical framework?
A) Results
B) Discussion
C) Literature review
D) Methods
Q3) If a study's results are not supported statistically or are only partially supported, research consumers should conclude that the study is what?
A) Irrelevant
B) Important to review
C) Proven
D) Unconfirmed
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Chapter 18: Appraising Quantitative Research
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Q1) Which change in the sample selection procedure of a study involving continuous handrail support, oxygen uptake, and heart rate in women during submaximal step treadmill exercise would have the greatest impact on increasing the generalizability of the results?
A) Increasing the sample size
B) Including subjects who smoke in the study
C) Having a true control group rather than having subjects serve as their own controls
D) Expanding the sample population to include equal numbers of women who were moderately fit and highly fit
Q2) Which statement most accurately evaluates a quantitative research study report's scientific merit?
A) The sample size was appropriate for the statistical tests used.
B) The study had one independent variable and two dependent variables.
C) Data described in narrative form within the text could have been more concise in a table.
D) The discussion was excessive in length.
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Chapter 19: Strategies and Tools for Developing an
Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) Skills needed to consult the literature and answer a clinical question are known as what?
A) Informatics
B) Database searching
C) Information literacy
D) Evidence-based practice (EBP)
Q2) Absolute risk reduction is most accurately calculated as what?
A) EER + CER
B) EER - CER/CER
C) EER - CER
D) EER/CER
Q3) Types of EBP clinical categories include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) Therapy
B) Diagnosis
C) Prognosis
D) Harm
E) Hazard
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Chapter 20: Developing an Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) When considering the decision to change practice, criteria to be considered include what? (Select all that apply.)
A) A significant number of studies and EBP guidelines
B) The risk-benefit ratio for the patient
C) A thorough review of the literature
D) Feasibility for a practice application
E) Preference of stakeholders
Q2) What should a nurse researcher use to guide the analysis of data collected from subjects who meet study inclusion and exclusion criteria for the purpose of answering specific research questions that test specified hypotheses?
A) Dissemination of research
B) Metasynthesis of research
C) Utilization of research
D) Conduct of research
Q3) ___ design data collection forms
Q4) Steps of Evaluation for Evidence-Based Projects
Q5) ___ train data collectors
Q6) ___ use data to assist staff in modifying or integrating the evidence-based practice change
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Chapter 21: Quality Improvement
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Q1) Alignment of improvement activities at all levels to an organization's strategic intent
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
Q2) Increased ability to review, challenge, and change opinions and decisions
A)Customer focus/patient focus
B)Leadership
C)Involvement of people
D)Process approach
E)System approach to management
F)Continual improvement
G)Factual approach to decision making
H)Mutually beneficial supplier relationships
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