Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment Final Exam
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Course Introduction
Evidence-Based Psychological Assessment focuses on the principles, techniques, and best practices for evaluating psychological functioning in clinical, educational, and research settings. The course emphasizes the integration of scientific research and established guidelines to select, administer, score, and interpret psychological tests and measures. Students explore the reliability, validity, and utility of various assessment tools, as well as ethical, cultural, and practical considerations in psychological evaluation. Through case studies and hands-on activities, students develop critical skills to apply evidence-based approaches for accurate diagnosis, treatment planning, and outcome monitoring.
Recommended Textbook
Clinical Psychology Science Practice and Culture 3rd Edition by Andrew M. (Mark) Pomerantz
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Chapter 1: Clinical Psychology: Definition and Training
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Q1) The website of one doctoral training program includes the following statement: "The Clinical Psychology area is dedicated to research and training in clinical science ...The main training objective ...is to cultivate the development of scholars through exposure to a rich and multidisciplinary array of research opportunities." This program adheres to the _____ model of training.
A) scientist-practitioner
B) practitioner-scholar
C) clinical scientist
D) counseling psychology
Answer: C
Q2) Across both PhD and PsyD programs,graduate training in clinical psychology typically includes
A) a predoctoral internship.
B) coursework in psychotherapy, assessment, research design, statistics, and other areas.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Evolution of Clinical Psychology
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Q1) David Wechsler created
A) an inkblot test of personality.
B) a popular objective questionnaire measuring symptoms of depression.
C) a test of intelligence.
D) the MMPI.
Answer: C
Q2) Briefly explain the fundamental differences between projective personality tests (e.g.,Rorschach,TAT)and objective personality tests (e.g.,MMPI,MMPI-2,NEO-PI-R).
Answer: Projective tests involve presenting the client with ambiguous stimuli.They assume that the way an individual perceives and makes sense of the blots corresponds to the way they perceive and make sense of the world around them.Objective tests are typically pencil-and-paper self-report instruments with more restricted ranges of responding (e.g.,multiple choice or true-false rather than free response).Objective tests have generally had less questionable reliability and validity than projective tests.
Q3) What historical event elevated psychotherapy to become one of the most common activities of clinical psychologists?
Answer: World War II
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Chapter 3: Current Controversies in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) In which of the following states do clinical psychologists currently have prescription privileges?
A) Missouri and Illinois
B) New York and California
C) Oregon and Nevada
D) Louisiana and New Mexico
Answer: D
Q2) Unlike the other 48 states,New Mexico and Louisiana grant _____ to appropriately trained psychologists.
Answer: prescription privileges
Q3) Advantages of the emergence of manualized therapies with empirical support include
A) an increase in unique, idiosyncratic forms of therapy created by individual psychotherapists.
B) increased reliance on the clinical judgment of each psychotherapist.
C) the establishment of minimal levels of competence for the field.
D) all of the above
Answer: C
Q4) The first list of empirically validated treatments was published in _____.
Answer: 1995
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Chapter 4: Cultural Issues in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) In 2000,the number of first-generation immigrants in the U.S.represented about ____% of the U.S.population.
A) 2
B) 5
C) 10
D) 20
Q2) Based on McGoldrick's research,Irish American patients
A) may be uncomfortable with questions about inner feelings, especially negative feelings or sexual feelings.
B) may feel guilty about some feelings that wouldn't be an issue in other cultural groups.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q3) From 1990 to 2000,
A) the Asian American/Pacific Islander population in the U.S. decreased slightly.
B) the Latino/Latina/Hispanic population in the U.S. grew by about 50%.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q4) Which edition of the DSM was the first to include culture-bound syndromes?
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Chapter 5: Ethical Issues in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) Which General Principle states that psychologists should respect the dignity and worth of all people?
Q2) A psychologist may be bound by a duty to warn when
A) a patient seriously threatens the life of another identified person.
B) a patient seriously threatens his or her own life.
C) a patient reveals that she is HIV positive and is having unprotected sex without informing her sexual partners of her HIV status.
D) all of the above
Q3) The process of _____ includes informing patients as early as is feasible in the therapeutic relationship about the nature and anticipated course of therapy,fees,involvement of third parties,and limits of confidentiality.
Q4) Burnout
A) can significantly impair the competence of a clinical psychologist.
B) occurs at high levels in less than 1% of psychologists, according to survey data.
C) is less likely to occur when a clinical psychologist is overcommitted to clients or earns a low salary.
D) all of the above
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Chapter 6: Conducting Research in Clinical Psychology
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Q1) What are two main areas in which clinical psychologists conduct research?
Q2) In 1952,_____ published an unfavorable review of research on psychotherapy outcome,which served as a catalyst for subsequent research on the subject,which has been more positive.
A) Hans Eysenck
B) B. F. Skinner
C) Anna Freud
D) Carl Rogers
Q3) Compare and contrast cross-sectional designs and longitudinal designs.
Q4) Who published a 1952 review of psychotherapy stating (erroneously)that psychotherapy did not work?
Q5) A(n)_____ is a statistical method of combining results of separate studies to create a summation of its findings.
A) ABAB design
B) case study
C) qualitative review
D) meta-analysis
Q6) A researcher planning to follow a group of depressed patients over a 20-year period would likely be using a _____ design.
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Chapter 7: Diagnosis and Classification Issues
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Q1) Proposed changes to DSM-IV that will appear in DSM-5 include
A) the inclusion of premenstrual dysphoric disorder and binge eating disorder as official diagnoses.
B) a lower threshold for binging and purging frequency in bulimia nervosa.
C) elimination of some disorders, including some types of personality disorders.
D) all of the above
Q2) Minor depressive disorder
A) is not mentioned in the current DSM at all.
B) is listed as a provisional (not official) disorder in an appendix of the current DSM.
C) is listed as a full-fledged official disorder in the current DSM.
D) is included in the current DSM as a subtype of major depressive disorder.
Q3) Emil Kraepelin was a pioneer of the diagnosis of mental disorders.Among the categories he identified were _____,which is similar to the current label of bipolar disorder,and _____,which is similar to the current label of schizophrenia.
A) manic-depressive psychosis; dementia praecox
B) anxiety neurosis; disorderly thought psychosis
C) dementia praecox; separation disorder
D) none of the above
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Chapter 8: The Clinical Interview
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Q1) Communication styles often differ between men and women.For example, A) women tend to use talk to assert themselves and achieve goals, whereas men tend to use talk to build relationships.
B) women tend to avoid self-disclosure because it brings vulnerability, whereas men tend to engage in self-disclosure because it brings closeness.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q2) _____ reliability is the extent to which an assessment technique yields similar results across different administrators.
A) Test-retest
B) Interrater
C) Internal
D) Clinical
Q3) A _____ interview is used to diagnose.The interview should facilitate assignment of an accurate DSM disorder to the client.
Q4) A question such as "Do you consume alcohol?" is an example of a _____ question.
Q5) Briefly explain some gender-based differences in communication styles that are important for a clinical interviewer to appreciate.
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Chapter 9: Intellectual and Neuropsychological Assessment
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Q1) Spearman created the concept of _____,an individual's general intelligence or global,overall intellectual ability.
A) fluid intelligence
B) g
C) crystallized intelligence
D) s
Q2) Describe the Wechsler Memory Scale-Fourth Edition.
Q3) All of the Wechlser intelligence tests yield
A) a single full-scale intelligence score.
B) four index scores.
C) about a dozen specific subtest scores.
D) all of the above
Q4) How are fluid and crystallized intelligence different from each other?
Q5) Briefly describe the types of scores yielded by the Wechsler intelligence tests.What kind of model of intelligence do these scores endorse?
Q6) How do clinical psychologists test for learning disabilities?
Q7) Who created the concept of "g"?
Q8) The _____ is a lengthy battery of eight standardized neuropsychological tests used to identify people with brain damage. Page 11
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Chapter 10: Personality Assessment and Behavioral Assessment
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Q1) What are the two phases of administration for the Rorschach Inkblot Method?
Q2) Why was the MMPI revised,resulting in the MMPI-2?
Q3) A client who scores very high on the clinical scale called "Psychopathic Deviate" on the MMPI-2 is likely to be considered for the diagnosis _____.A client who scores very high on the clinical scale called "Psychasthenia" on the MMPI-2 is like to be considered for a diagnosis in the _____ category.
A) major depression; anxiety disorders
B) antisocial personality disorder; anxiety disorders
C) borderline personality disorder; eating disorders
D) specific phobia; mood disorders
Q4) Who are Starke Hathaway and J.C.McKinley?
A) authors of the original MMPI
B) developers of the most widely used scoring system for the Rorschach Inkblot Method
C) creators of the Thematic Apperception Test
D) authors of the NEO-PI-R
Q5) During the _____,an adult patient is presented with a series of cards,each featuring an ambiguous interpersonal scene.
Page 13
Q6) What test-construction method was used by the authors of the MMPI-2?
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Chapter 11: General Issues in Psychotherapy
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Q1) What is the dodo bird verdict?
Q2) A(n)_____ approach to psychotherapy involves selecting the best treatment for a given client based on empirical data from studies of the treatment of similar clients.
A) integrative
B) psychodynamic
C) eclectic
D) behavioral
Q3) A(n)_____ approach to psychotherapy involves blending techniques in order to create an entirely new,hybrid form of therapy.
A) integrative
B) psychodynamic
C) eclectic
D) behavioral
Q4) According to surveys of clinical psychologists since 1960,the humanistic orientation to psychotherapy
A) was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1970s.
B) was the most commonly endorsed orientation in the 1990s.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
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Chapter 12: Psychodynamic Psychotherapy
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Q1) According to psychodynamic theory,the _____ is the part of the mind that generates all pleasure-seeking,selfish,indulgent,animalistic impulses.
A) ego
B) superego
C) id
D) none of the above
Q2) After a psychodynamic therapist makes an interpretation to a client,it can take many sessions for the client to incorporate that interpretation into his or her thinking and behavior.That post-interpretation period is often called _____.
A) the working-through process
B) the blank-screen
C) transference
D) fixation
Q3) Name one component of psychodynamic psychotherapy that has some empirical evidence to support its practice.
Q4) _____ occurs when a patient unconsciously and unrealistically expects his psychologist to behave like important people from his past.
Q5) What is a defense mechanism? Name and describe two defense mechanisms.
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Chapter 13: Humanistic Psychotherapy
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Q1) According to the humanistic approach,there are three essential therapeutic conditions that characterize successful therapist-client relationships.These three essential therapeutic conditions include _____.
A) empathy
B) conditional positive regard
C) interpretation
D) all of the above
Q2) Briefly summarize the three essential therapeutic conditions according to humanistic psychotherapy.
Q3) According to the humanistic approach,there are three essential therapeutic conditions that characterize successful therapist?-client relationships.These three essential therapeutic conditions include _____.
A) unconditional positive regard
B) genuineness
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q4) Briefly describe positive psychology.What does it emphasize? What is the name of the therapy derived from positive psychology?
Q5) List the three key elements of humanistic therapy.
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Chapter 14: Behavioral Psychotherapy
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Q1) Compared to humanistic and psychodynamic approaches to psychotherapy,behavioral psychotherapy
A) emphasizes inferential, introspective methods of measuring change within the mind of the client.
B) employs testable hypotheses and observable, measurable outcome measures.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q2) Briefly define both generalization and discrimination as understood by behavioral therapists.Also,explain how each could alter the development of a phobia related to a traumatic incident in an elevator.
Q3) Behavioral activation is based on the simple idea that
A) the day-to-day lives of depressed people lack positive reinforcement.
B) depressed people think illogically.
C) the brains of depressed people are chemically imbalanced.
D) depressed people lack social skills.
Q4) Describe the process of exposure therapy.What psychological problem is it usually used to treat? Include key elements or techniques used in this type of therapy.
Q5) What is a main difference between exposure therapy and systematic desensitization?
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Psychotherapy
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Q1) _____ is considered a leader in the cognitive therapy movement.
A) Aaron Beck
B) Albert Ellis
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q2) _____ refers to being able to pay attention in the present moment to whatever arises internally or externally,without becoming entangled or wishing things were otherwise.
A) Personalization
B) All-or-nothing thinking
C) Mindfulness
D) Commitment thinking
Q3) Cognitive therapy
A) tends to be brief, structured, and targeted.
B) has become the prominent approach to psychotherapy in the early part of the 21st century.
C) represents a reaction against behavioral and psychodynamic approaches.
D) all of the above
Q4) What are the five components of the ABCDE model?
Q5) Describe the five components of Ellis' ABCDE model.
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Group and Family Therapy
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Q1) In group therapy,the term social microcosm refers to the idea that
A) group members often establish friendships and romantic relationships outside of the therapy setting.
B) group members often have isolated lives and have allowed their social contacts to become infrequent, and these tendencies contribute to their psychological problems.
C) the problems of most group members stem from antisocial tendencies, the exploration of which requires recollections from early childhood.
D) the relationship tendencies that characterize clients' problematic relationships in their personal lives will also characterize the relationships they form with fellow group members.
Q2) Irvin Yalom's approach to group psychotherapy has been labeled _____.
A) interpersonal
B) behavioral
C) solution-focused
D) narrative
Q3) Briefly describe each of McGoldrick,Carter,and Garcia-Preto's (2011)seven family life cycle stages.
Q4) Compare and contrast linear causality and circular causality.
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Chapter 17: Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology
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Q1) When the client is a child,the clinical psychologist's interview process typically includes _____.
A) the child
B) adults who know the child well
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q2) How do cognitive-behavioral therapists adapt their techniques to work with children and adolescents? Give at least one specific example.
Q3) Cognitive-behavioral techniques for children have been found beneficial in treating _____.
A) depression
B) ADHD
C) anxiety disorders
D) all of the above
Q4) The Spanish version of the WISC-IV
A) has not yet been created.
B) was normed exclusively on children whose parents are from Mexico.
C) includes no change in item content in spite of linguistic translation.
D) was normed exclusively on children whose parents are from Spain.
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Chapter 18: Health Psychology
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Q1) Detoxification is most commonly a component of the treatment of _____.
A) alcohol dependence
B) smoking
C) obesity
D) chronic stress
Q2) _____ is an interdisciplinary field interested in the ways in which our minds influence our bodies.
Q3) What are several hypotheses proposed to explain how social support protects our health?
Q4) What type of facility has been proposed as a solution for delivering higher quality and more cost-effective primary care? This type of facility provides care that is patient centered,highly accessible and affordable,comprehensive,and coordinated.
Q5) The diseases that cause the greatest danger for death within our current society
A) include tuberculosis and pneumonia.
B) feature behavioral components.
C) all of the above
D) none of the above
Q6) What is the "A" component of the ABCDS of weight loss?
Q7) The _____ controls the release of our body's stress hormone,cortisol.
Page 21
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Chapter 19: Forensic Psychology
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Q1) Forensic psychology is the application of psychological methods and principles
A) within the legal system.
B) to issues related to physical health.
C) in an inpatient setting.
D) in an outpatient setting.
Q2) Currently,between _____% and _____% of all felony defendants undergo evaluations to determine if they are competent to stand trial.
A) 2; 8
B) 19; 22
C) 45; 50
D) 73; 81
Q3) A clinical psychologist conducting an "NGRI" evaluation is most interested in determining
A) the mental status of the defendant at the time the crime was committed.
B) the likelihood that the defendant will behave dangerously in the future.
C) the current mental status of the defendant.
D) the fitness of the defendant to stand trial.
Q4) What is the current standard for the admissibility of expert testimony as evidence in the U.S.?
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