Evidence-Based Practice in Social Work Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Evidence-Based Practice in Social Work explores the integration of the best available research evidence with professional expertise and client values to inform decision-making in social work settings. This course introduces students to the principles and processes of evidence-based practice, including formulating clinical questions, searching for and critically appraising relevant research, and applying findings to practice situations. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, culturally competent practice, and the use of evidence across diverse populations and practice environments. Students will develop skills in evaluating research quality, understanding scientific literature, and employing systematic approaches to enhance the effectiveness and accountability of social work interventions.
Recommended Textbook
Essential Research Methods for Social Work 4th Edition by Allen Rubin
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Chapter 1: Why Study Research?
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Q1) Explain what is meant by ego involvement in understanding. Answer: Ego involvement in understanding refers to the extent to which an individual's self-esteem, self-worth, and personal identity are tied to their ability to comprehend and make sense of the world around them. When someone is ego-involved in understanding, their sense of self is deeply connected to their intellectual capabilities and their capacity to grasp complex concepts or ideas. This can lead to a strong emotional investment in being right or knowledgeable, and a fear of being wrong or ignorant. Ego involvement in understanding can impact how a person approaches learning, problem-solving, and decision-making, as well as how they respond to challenges to their beliefs or knowledge. It can also influence their willingness to seek out new information, consider alternative perspectives, and admit when they don't know something. In some cases, ego involvement in understanding can lead to defensiveness, close-mindedness, and resistance to change. It is important to be aware of one's ego involvement in understanding in order to approach learning and knowledge with humility, openness, and a willingness to grow.
Q2) Legitimate ex post facto hypothesizing requires additional research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Evidence-Based Practice: The Research Process
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Q1) The top-down approach to searching for evidence has the advantage of feasibility but can be risky in light of the fallibility and possible bias of experts.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Critical thinkers will:
A)Be willing to question and alter their own beliefs based on new experiences.
B)Be willing to question what those in authority assert as fact.
C)Question unstated assumptions underlying accepted practice wisdom.
D)All of these.
Answer: D
Q3) When searching for evidence,you should:
A)Refrain from looking at web sites
B)Use only one search term.
C)Avoid systematic reviews.
D)Examine the Cochrane and Campbell Collaboration resources.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods of Inquiry
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Q1) Quantitative research methods are more likely than qualitative methods to begin with a flexible plan.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Qualitative research methods are compatible with quantitative research methods.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Qualitative methods emphasize precise and generalizable statistical findings.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Qualitative research methods are more likely to tap the deeper meanings of human experiences.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Factors Influencing the Research Process
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Q1) A study that attempts to develop an in-depth subjective understanding of a unique cult is being guided by what paradigm?
A)positivism.
B)feminist research.
C)interpretivism.
D)critical social science.
Q2) A research study must choose between the inductive versus the deductive method; it cannot use both methods.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Descriptive research answers the question "what's so" and explanatory research answers the question "why."
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the differences between the interpretivist and critical theory paradigms.
Q5) How are theory and research linked? Give examples.
Q6) Describe one way in which organizational or political concerns could influence social work researchers to modify their research plans.
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Chapter 5: Ethical Issues in Social Work Research
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Q1) It is often as important to report that variables are not related as to report that they are related.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Because social scientists rarely plan studies that could physically harm subjects,the issue of no harm to subjects is not a real problem.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Illustrate how ethics and politics can affect social work research.
Q4) When names are removed from questionnaires and are replaced with identification numbers so that only the researcher can later link a response to a name,the researcher should tell the respondent that the information is
A)anonymous.
B)confidential.
C)anonymous and confidential.
D)harmless.
Q5) Choose an ethical issue presented in this chapter,create a research situation in which this issue could arise,and tell how you would handle it.
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Chapter 6: Culturally Competent Research
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Q1) If research participants from two different cultures have the same average score on a scale measuring caregiver burden,that means that the two groups of participants subjectively perceive the same degree of caregiver burden.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Studies that do NOT include adequate representation from specific minority and oppressed populations in their samples are NOT generalizable to those populations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Recruitment of minority and oppressed populations in research studies can be enhanced by:
A)providing transportation to the research site.
B)conducting research activities in participants' homes.
C)providing childcare for young children
D)all of these.
Q4) Cultural competence should NOT affect how research findings are interpreted. A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the difference between linguistic,conceptual and metric equivalence.
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Chapter 7: Problem Formulation
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Q1) The following is an example of a good hypothesis: "Social work practitioners who work in mental health agencies do not care adequately for the chronically mentally ill."
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following IS NOT an operational definition of marital satisfaction?
A)a score on a scale measuring marital satisfaction.
B)whether or not identified by a therapist as having marital problems.
C)amount of marital unhappiness.
D)number of derogatory statements made by spouses to each other.
Q3) Develop a properly worded hypothesis that would be relevant to evaluating the effectiveness of some aspect of social work practice.Identify a moderating variable and a mediating variable pertinent to that hypothesis and explain why it would be important to control for them in testing the hypothesis
Q4) A nominal definition:
A)Tells us what indicators to use in observing a concept.
B)Is a statement detailing what will be involved in measuring some entity.
C)Is like a dictionary definition.
D)All of these.
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Chapter 8: Measurement in Quantitative and Qualitative Inquiry
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Q1) Given a scale to measure family risk of child abuse or neglect,contrast a way to measure the criterion-related validity of the scale with a way to measure that scale's construct validity.
Q2) Explain why if a scale is found to be valid,we can assume that it is reliable.
Q3) An instrument is developed with the intent to measure whether the parenting skills of parents referred for child abuse or neglect improve after participation in a parenting education treatment program.The instrument is found to be valid when untreated parents referred for child abuse or neglect score much worse on it than model parents who are child therapists.Which of the following statements is/are true about the instrument?
A)It appears to have known groups validity.
B)Because it is valid, it can be relied upon to detect whether small, subtle improvements occur in the parenting skills of the parents who participate in the program.
C)It appears to have predictive validity.
D)All of these.
E)None of these.
Q4) Describe how qualitative studies attempt to deal with reliability and validity.
Q5) Explain why if a scale is found to be reliable,we CANNOT assume that it is also valid.
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Chapter 9: Quantitative and Qualitative Measurement
Instruments
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Q1) Assume that the following would be reasonable conversational questions/statements based on a subject's previous statement.Which is the best probe?
A)"In what ways is that a better job?"
B)"How is that a better job?"
C)"Tell me more about why that's a better job."
D)"How do you mean that's a better job?"
E)All of these are equally good probes.
Q2) Respondents would not be competent to answer a question if they:
A)did not remember the relevant information.
B)did not know about the relevant information in the first place.
C)have psychological or biological impairments
D)all of these.
Q3) Qualitative measures rely on interviews that are usually open-ended with in-depth probes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Scales include multiple items that can be summed to measure a variable.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How does qualitative interviewing differ from quantitative interviewing?
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Chapter 10: Surveys
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Q1) Which of the following is (are)an advantage of the social indicators approach to needs assessment?
A)unobtrusiveness.
B)inexpensiveness.
C)Reliable data am readily available.
D)unobtrusiveness and inexpensiveness
Q2) Interview surveys have a number of advantages over mail surveys.Which of the following is NOT one of those advantages?
A)Higher response rates.
B)There is generally a smaller number of "don't knows" and "no answers."
C)There are a smaller number of relevant responses given.
D)Observations can be made.
Q3) Probes are used more frequently in open-ended questions than in closed-ended ones.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify five recommendations for conducting online surveys.
Q5) Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of online surveys.
Q6) Describe five different approaches to needs assessment and their advantages and disadvantages.
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Chapter 11: Sampling: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches
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Q1) Every kth element in a list is chosen for inclusion in the sample in A)simple random sampling.
B)systematic sampling.
C)disproportionate sampling.
D)cluster sampling.
E)stratified sampling.
Q2) The unit about which information is collected and which provides the basis of analysis is called the A)universe.
B)sampling unit.
C)unit of analysis.
D)sampling frame.
E)element.
Q3) Sampling error can be reduced through an increase in the sample size of probability samples.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Probability sampling ensures that there will be no sampling error whatsoever.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Experiments and Quasi-Experiments
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Q1) Suppose a case management program is established to reduce rehospitalization rates in a hospital and that those rates drop dramatically once the new program is established.We can conclude that A)research has demonstrated an effective approach to practice. B)causality cannot be inferred because time order was not established. C)another event occurring during the time of the study might explain away the change. D)the absence of covariation threatens the internal validity of any causal inferences.
Q2) The classic experiment with random assignment of participants controls for measurement bias.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss how attrition can affect the validity of an experiment and describe steps to minimize attrition.
Q4) The problem of external validity refers to the generalizability of results.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain what is meant by internal and external validity.
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Chapter 13: Single Case Evaluation Designs
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Q1) In deciding what to measure in a single-case experiment,it is usually best to
A)pick something implied by how the clinical goal was operationally defined.
B)measure more than one thing.
C)choose a behavior that is more frequent over one that occurs very rarely.
D)all of these.
Q2) Suppose an ABCD design obtains the following results regarding level of social adjustment with a chronically mentally ill client discharged to live with his family.
\[\begin{array} { l l l l l l }
\text { A (Baseline): } & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 \\
\text { B (Social skills training): } & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 \\
\text { C (Occupational Rehabilitation): } & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 & 10 \\
\text { D (Family education): } & 15 & 20 & 25 & 30 & 35
\end{array}\]
What is the most appropriate inference for future interventions with similar clients?
A)Just provide the family education.
B)Provide all three interventions in the same order.
C)Replicate the study to assess possible order effects.
D)none of these.
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Chapter 14: Program Evaluation
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Q1) Recommendations to maximize compliance with the case assignment protocol in experiments or quasi-experiments include
A)having agency staff implement the case assignment decisions.
B)NOT explaining to agency staff the purpose and nature of the case assignment protocol.
C)pilot testing the randomization procedure in the agency.
D)assigning control of the case assignment protocol to multiple agency staff members.
Q2) Quantitative and qualitative methods can be combined in program evaluations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Agency administrators who ask in-house program evaluators to assess their program's effectiveness are likely to
A)promote an atmosphere in which the paramount priority is on free, scientific inquiry.
B)give the evaluator complete autonomy in designing the research and interpreting its findings.
C)desire a study that is methodologically as rigorous as possible. D)none of these.
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Chapter 15: Additional Methods in Qualitative Inquiry
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Q1) Using the life-history method,researchers ask open-ended questions to discover how participants in a study understand the significant events and meanings in their own lives.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An informant is one of your colleagues who attempts to gain membership into the group being studied.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about focus groups?
A)The larger the number of participants, the better.
B)The group dynamics may bring out information that may not have emerged in individual interviews..
C)Representativeness is a common strength of this method.
D)The data that emerge are likely to be less voluminous and more systematic than structured survey data.
Q4) Describe how grounded theory can be used in conjunction with ethnography.
Q5) Describe three key threats to the trustworthiness of qualitative research and six positivist strategies commonly used to minimize the distorting influence of those threats.
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Chapter 16: Analyzing Available Records: Quantitative and Qualitative Methods
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Q1) An ideal type is a conceptual model composed of the essential characteristics of social phenomena.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT a limitation of secondary analysis?
A)Large chunks of data might be missing.
B)There might be no variation in a variable that you want to analyze.
C)Trends over time cannot be assessed.
D)The variable might have been defined in a way that does not match your definition of that variable.
Q3) Which of the following is true about negative case testing in qualitative content analysis?
A)It does NOT apply to hypothesis testing.
B)The data should be searched to find all cases that would contradict the original hypothesis.
C)It is a deductive process.
D)None of these.
Q4) Cluster sampling techniques should NOT be used in content analysis.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 17: Quantitative Data Analysis
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Q1) A bivariate table is read by comparing the independent variable subgroups with one another in terms of a given attribute of the dependent variable.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following illustrates a grouped data frequency distribution?
A)Thirty-six students are enrolled in introductory statistics, section A.
B)Five new students have been accepted on the editorial staff of their school paper.Two of the students are 18 years of age, one is 19 years, and two are 21 years of age.
C)Of the 20 female students living in a housing complex, 10 are under 20 years of age, one is between 20 and 25 years, seven are between 26 and 30 years, and two are above 30 years.
D)all of these.
Q3) Coding refers to:
A)the assignment of a number or numeral to the attributes of a variable.
B)the assignment of a row in a data matrix to each questionnaire item.
C)the assignment of a number or numeral to each questionnaire item.
D)transferring variables to the computer.
E)the assignment of a variable to a computer column.
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Chapter 18: Qualitative Data Analysis
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Q1) Qualitative analysis is primarily numerical.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The search for the intentional or unintentional meanings attached to signs is called semiotics.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Professor Lip was interested in why grandparents went to court to obtain custody of their grandchildren.One of the grandparents that Lip talked with commented on the issue of "parental neglect" of the grandchild.Once the issue of neglect had been identified,Lip began to notice that other grandparents also used the concept of "parental neglect" to explain why they had a legal relationship with their grandchild.In the Loflands' terms,Professor Lip was interested in examining which of the following ways of looking for patterns?
A)Frequencies
B)Magnitudes
C)Causes
D)Consequences
E)Processes
Q4) Describe the open coding process.
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