Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing introduces students to the principles and processes of integrating the best available research evidence with clinical expertise and patient values to inform nursing practice. This course covers the formulation of clinical questions, critical appraisal of research literature, and the application of evidence to improve patient outcomes. Students will explore the barriers and facilitators to implementing evidence-based interventions in healthcare settings and develop practical skills in literature searching, data analysis, and synthesis of findings. Emphasis is placed on ethical considerations, multidisciplinary collaboration, and the ongoing evaluation of practice changes to ensure high-quality, patient-centered care.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 5th Edition by Nancy Burns
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
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Q1) The main purpose of leveling or reviewing research evidence in the establishment of evidence-based guidelines is to:
A) critique the usefulness of the research in expanding knowledge.
B) develop guidelines for providing care to clients.
C) generate new nursing research projects.
D) review research methods for appropriateness within a research report.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following would be considered level 1 research evidence when evaluating evidence for the establishment of IV site care and maintenance for a medical-surgical unit?
A) Case study review of dressings used at a similar-sized hospital
B) Expert opinion of best dressings used in hospital settings
C) Quasi-experimental study evaluating types of dressings used at selected hospitals
D) Randomized clinical trial study conducted on types of dressings used in hospital settings
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research Process
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Q1) Before implementing a large, multisite research investigation, a researcher conducts a smaller study to identify any problematic areas in the planned study. This smaller study is known as a/an:
A) abstract.
B) exploratory design.
C) pilot study.
D) proposal.
Answer: C
Q2) A researcher is studying the relationship between age and involvement in social activities. This is what type of research?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Quasi-experimental
D) Experimental
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research Process
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Q1) Which type of qualitative researcher is likely to use film, videotapes, or photographs to collect data?
A) Ethnographic
B) Grounded theory
C) Historical
D) Phenomenologist
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following should the qualitative researcher pay attention to as part of observation?
A) Focusing only on what is directly happening to the participant.
B) Focusing solely on the unexpected events in the participant's life.
C) General overview of the participant's routine.
D) Personal reactions to the situation.
Answer: D
Q3) Which type of qualitative research is the most controversial?
A) Ethnographic research
B) Grounded theory research
C) Historical research
D) Phenomenological research
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Q1) One example of a research population with diminished autonomy (vulnerability) would be:
A) college students.
B) members of a senior citizen center.
C) mentally ill patients.
D) middle-aged women.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true regarding the use of deception in current research studies? The use of deception:
A) in studies is no longer approved by Institutional Review Boards.
B) involves not telling a subject if he or she is in the control or intervention group.
C) is the same thing as using covert methods of data collection.
D) violates the right of self-determination.
Q3) Which of the following is not among the rights of research subjects that are protected in ethical research?
A) Fair pay for participation
B) Privacy
C) Protection from discomfort and harm
D) Self-determination
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6
Chapter 5: Research Problems, Purposes, and Hypotheses
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Q1) What type of hypothesis is the following? "Normal saline flush with heparin is more effective than normal saline flush alone in maintaining patency of an intermittent intravenous site."
A) Complex, causal
B) Complex, nondirectional
C) Simple, directional
D) Simple, null
Q2) The dependent variable is defined as a:
A) characteristic or element of the human subjects involved in the study.
B) quality, property, or characteristic identified in the problem.
C) response or outcome that the researcher wants to understand.
D) stimulus or activity that is varied by the researcher.
Q3) What type of definition is the following? "CDD lymphocyte counts are the measure of immune function."
A) Conceptual
B) Operational
C) Physiological
D) Theoretical
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Chapter 6: Understanding the Literature Review in Published Studies
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Q1) In looking through the literature review of a published study, how would "relevant literature" be operationalized best?
A) The literature would all be in English so that the American reader can understand it.
B) All the studies would have been conducted within the last 5 years.
C) The references should give a meaningful picture of the research problem.
D) The review will be broad to encompass all that is known about the research topic.
Q2) In conducting a thorough critique of a literature review in a published study, which of the following are expected of the critique writer?
A) A count must be made to make sure that the correct number of sources has been included.
B) The reviewer must examine the quality and content of the sources presented.
C) The reviewer must study the reference list to check for validity of the literature.
D) To determine that all relevant literature has been included, the reviewer must search the literature for relevant sources.
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Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Q1) What is the best skill to use in distinguishing statements expressed as propositions from hypotheses?
A) A checklist created from the details of the study
B) A list of questions that can identify one from the other
C) The precise definitions of each kind of statement
D) Use of critical thinking
Q2) A researcher theorizes that walking three times per week will minimize the likelihood of premature labor in at-risk pregnant women. The researcher initiates a research program to test this theory. This research study is attempting to validate what aspect of theory?
A) Development
B) Explanation
C) Prediction
D) Strategies for controlling outcomes
Q3) In the research report, what can the reader expect in a theoretical statement? A theoretical statement:
A) is always clearly identified.
B) would only be discussed in the framework section; may be implied.
C) may be omitted if variables are not yet well defined.
Page 9
D) would only be discussed in the framework section.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Q1) A researcher is interested in looking at the relationship between sleep and use of meditation in nurses who work the night shift. The researcher obtains permission to collect data from the night nurses at a local hospital. While planning the study, the researcher is informed that a nurse on the night shift in intensive care is a frequent speaker on meditation techniques. The researcher must now address what specific issue related to her study design?
A) Bias
B) Manipulation
C) Multicausality
D) Probability
Q2) Nurses in a hypertension clinic have found that many patients do not comply with their treatment regimen. They designed an intervention based on Bandura's social cognitive theory and wanted to study the effect of this intervention in a convenience sample. Which of the following designs would be best suited?
A) Correlational
B) Descriptive
C) Exploratory
D) Quasi-experimental
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10
Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Q1) A person is shopping in the mall and is approached by individuals who identify themselves as researchers for a local food chain. They ask the person to participate in their study by answering a few questions. As a subject for this survey, the person was selected by which method of sampling?
A) Convenience sampling
B) Purposive sampling
C) Random sampling
D) Systematic sampling
Q2) Which of the following is true about sample size in a qualitative study?
A) "Adequate sample size" is of no concern to a qualitative researcher because there is no statistical analysis involved.
B) Sample size is deemed to be adequate when the researcher is detecting no new knowledge from additional subjects.
C) Subjects who have knowledge of a situation assist the researcher in determining whether the sample size is adequate.
D) There is a test similar to the power analysis in a quantitative study that can be used to determine an adequate sample size for qualitative research.
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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Q1) Which of the following is true about the validity of a measure?
A) Characteristics of the sample may affect the validity of a tool for use in a particular study.
B) Once validity is established, it need not be examined before using the tool in future applications.
C) Physiological measures are objective and accurate and do not need to be examined for any type of validity.
D) Use of a tool in many studies indicates it is a valid instrument for nursing research.
Q2) A blood hemoglobin measurement of 13.5 g/100 mL would be which level of measurement?
A) Interval
B) Nominal
C) Ordinal
D) Ratio
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Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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Q1) The likelihood that a statistical value obtained through analysis of the data is likely to occur in any two samples selected from the same population is called:
A) degrees of freedom.
B) induction.
C) interval estimation.
D) probability.
Q2) Which of the following study results are most common?
A) Mixed results
B) Nonsignificant results
C) Significant and predicted results
D) Unexpected results
Q3) A researcher notes that although no mathematical significance was found, some premature infants who were exposed to soothing music for 6 hours daily exhibited lower heart rates and less crying. This finding would have which type of significance?
A) Clinical
B) General
C) Inferential
D) Statistical
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13
Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which of the following would represent a failure to adhere to ethical standards in a qualitative study?
A) Conducting the study after first obtaining permission from the IRB
B) Continuing to question a subject about a traumatic incident after the subject begins to openly sob and asks to be excused
C) Mentioning that subjects had the right to refuse to participate in the study
D) Not including all the specific details of a study in the informed consent document
Q2) If a reviewer is asking "What implications do the findings have for practice?", which phase of the research critique is represented?
A) Analysis
B) Comparison
C) Comprehension
D) Evaluation
Q3) To critique a study, one must:
A) be an experienced researcher and thoroughly understand the research process.
B) be doctorally prepared and received a certificate to critique.
C) have received some education regarding research and the research process.
D) hold a master's degree and have conducted at least one study.
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which of the following correctly indicates the amount of clinical control nursing has over the implementation and evaluation of an intervention?
A) Dependent variables must be under nursing control.
B) Experimental controls must be maintained in the clinical area when the intervention is implemented in daily practice.
C) Nursing must have independent control over the intervention if it is to be implemented successfully.
D) Valid clinical measures need to be available to clinical nurses to monitor outcomes from interventions.
Q2) In developing an evidence-based practice, who should the nurse include in any plans to implement a new guideline?
A) CEO of the facility because support from the top is always needed for change to be successful
B) Patients because they must live with the treatment
C) Physicians who may admit patients to the unit where the new practice will be instituted
D) Researchers who provide the evidence
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Chapter 14: Introduction to Outcomes Research
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Q1) What theorist proposed a theory of quality health care and the process of evaluating it?
A) Donabedian
B) Gambone
C) Loegering
D) Reiter
Q2) The addition of the patient, family, and community as providers of care as well as the recipients of care to the theory of quality health care was important because:
A) evaluating total care is important.
B) health has many different aspects.
C) the theory is based on quality.
D) they then align with nursing theories.
Q3) Which of the following is proposed as the best method to measure improvement in patients' conditions?
A) An index of improvement
B) Change scores
C) Has not been a useful method suggested at this time
D) Percentage of improvement
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