Evaluation Research
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Evaluation Research is a systematic process of assessing the design, implementation, and outcomes of programs, policies, or interventions to determine their effectiveness and inform decision-making. This course introduces students to the theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and practical applications of evaluation in diverse fields such as education, health, social services, and public policy. Through the study of logic models, evaluation designs (including formative, summative, process, and impact evaluations), data collection techniques, and ethical considerations, students will develop key skills in designing, conducting, and interpreting evaluation studies, as well as communicating findings to stakeholders to influence policy and practice.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods The Essential Knowledge Base 2nd Edition by Trochim
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13 Chapters
897 Verified Questions
897 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of validity is most concerned with whether the results can be generalized to other persons,places,and times?
A)conclusion
B)construct
C)internal
D)external
Answer: D
Q2) Bonita is participating in a longitudinal study that began when she was only two years old.Now in her late 20s,Bonita has undergone a series of cognitive tests every six months for more than 25 years.The study in which Bonita is participating is best described as a(n)____ study.
A)repeated measures
B)cross sectional
C)time series
D)independent measures
Answer: C
Q3) The degree to which the conclusions in a study would hold for other persons in other places and at other times is referred to as _______________.
Answer: external validity
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethics Foundations of Ethics in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _______________ was adopted by the World Medical Association in 1964 in order to provide a set of principles to guide the practice of medical research.
Answer: Declaration of Helsinki
Q2) In a ____ study,the drug or treatment is given to large groups of people to confirm its effectiveness,monitor side effects,compare it to commonly used treatments,and collect information that will allow the drug or treatment to be used safely.
A)pilot
B)Phase I
C)Phase II
D)Phase III
Answer: D
Q3) Katherine recognizes that this may create more than minimal risk.In terms of the principles in the Belmont Report,she is concerned about ____.
A)respect for persons
B)beneficence
C)justice
D)voluntariness
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Christine has conducted a study in which family caregivers of young adults with severe developmental disabilities were trained in stress reduction methods.After finding it to be very successful,she tests the same program with family caregivers of young adults who have suffered traumatic brain injury or spinal injury and have suddenly become disabled.Christine is assessing the ____ of her research.
A)credibility
B)transferability
C)dependability
D)confirmability
Answer: B
Q2) In ______________,the researcher strives to be at a distance so as not to bias the data collection.
Answer: direct observation
Q3) The most common ethnographic approach is ____.
A)structured interviewing
B)participant observation
C)case study
D)direct observation
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sampling Foundations of Sampling
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a census that interviews all individuals in a population,the mean or average income is properly termed a(n)____.
A)statistic
B)parameter
C)tendency
D)true value
Q2) Any sample that focuses on diversity or variety is known as a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert
Q3) A "population" is the group of people you select to be in your study.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In sampling notation,N refers to the ____.
A)number of cases in the sampling frame
B)number of cases in the sample
C)number of possible subsets
D)sampling fraction
Q5) Explain the proximal similarity model with an example.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Measurement
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you could see all random error in a distribution,it would ____.
A)have a variance equal to the mean
B)sum to zero
C)shift the mean in a positive direction
D)be greater than the population variance
Q2) The reliability ratio is expressed as ____.
A)var(T)/ var(X)
B)var(X)/ var(T)
C)rel(X)/ rel(T)
D)rel(T)/ rel(X)
Q3) The consistency of an observation from one time to another is referred to as ____ reliability.
A)inter-rater
B)test-retest
C)parallel-forms
D)internal consistency
Q4) Ahran develops a measure of test anxiety and finds that,on average,it measures test anxiety for the group,but individual scores are highly variable from test to retest.His test is _______________ but not _______________.
Q5) What is random error and why is it important?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Scales, Tests, and Indexes
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Sample Questions
Q1) A response scale ____.
A)is used to collect the response for an item
B)results from a process of assigning numbers to objects
C)has a value for each item on the scale
D)refers to a set of items
Q2) When the New York City test used in the recruitment of firefighters was questioned because it appeared to disproportionately exclude African Americans and Hispanics from the fire service,the test's _______________ validity was at issue.
Q3) Indexes are typically used to assess behaviors of people,organizations,or processes.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A(n)____ is usually measured repeatedly.
A)instrument
B)index
C)test
D)scale
Q5) Describe the steps involved in creating a Likert scale.
Q6) Describe the steps involved in creating a Guttman scale.
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Chapter 7: Survey Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which item is double-barreled?
A)Do you prefer the Democratic or Republican candidate?
B)How do you feel about the earlier start times and longer hours at the high school?
C)Are you male or female?
D)Please explain your preference.
Q2) The _______________ question problem refers to using a single question that asks about two or more ideas but allows only one response.
Q3) If there is a desire to maximize the response rate,a(n)____ is preferable.
A)group questionnaire
B)phone interview
C)mail questionnaire
D)e-mail questionnaire
Q4) If a questionnaire uses a filter question and there is only one jump involved (two levels),_______________ should be used to make the jump.
Q5) When the survey itself is quite long,mail surveys are an excellent choice.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the advantages and drawbacks of electronic surveys?
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) Issues of cause and effect are closely related to choices of experimental design.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Laura and Beatrice work at two different shelters for teens who cannot remain in their homes,but are not wards of the court.They have both shown their clients an extraordinary documentary on homeless teens that features two who actually testify to Congress about the need for services.Their clients became much more hopeful about their own futures after seeing the documentary.Word has gotten around about the documentary,and several of their mutual friends want to schedule showings of it.Rosa works at two different facilities,and decides to administer the instrument assessing hopefulness to both of the facilities,show the documentary at one facility,and then administer the assessment again at that facility.This is an example of a(n)____.
A)basic pre-post randomized experimental design.
B)posttest-only randomized experiment
C)randomized experiment expanded with a nonequivalent control group
D)pretest-posttest nonequivalent groups quasi-experiment
Q3) In research design notation,the letter X signifies a(n)_______________.
Q4) What is the regression threat in a single group design?
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Experimental Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some of the limitations of an experimental design?
Q2) The simplest of all experimental designs is the two-group posttest-only randomized experiment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is illustrated in the accompanying figure?
A)null case
B)main effect
C)intervention
D)crossover
Q4) What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?
A)randomized block
B)covariance
C)switching-replications
D)factorial
Q5) What is the reasoning behind the randomized block design?
Q6) Blocking designs are a type of signal-enhancing design.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Random assignment depends on the idea of _______________.
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Chapter 10: Quasi-Experimental Design
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Sample Questions
Q1) What design is shown in the accompanying figure?
A)double pretest
B)switching replications
C)nonequivalent dependent variables
D)regression point displacement
Q2) Describe the two forms of the proxy-pretest design.
Q3) In the _______________ design,the pretest is collected after the program is given.
Q4) A regression point displacement design is particularly attractive when ____.
A)the researcher is evaluating a program that has already begun
B)the unit of study is a community rather than an individual
C)it is important that those who most need the treatment receive it
D)there are concerns about selection-maturation effects
Q5) A design that includes two waves of measurement prior to the intervention is a ____ design.
A)double pretest
B)switching replications
C)nonequivalent dependent variables
D)regression point displacement
Q6) The most commonly used quasi-experimental design is the _______________ design.
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Chapter 11: Introduction to Data Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Both qualitative and quantitative analyses have underlying assumptions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What type of graph is shown above?
A)histogram
B)bivariate
C)pie
D)line
Q3) A(n)_______________ is a summary of the frequency of individual values or ranges of values for a variable.
Q4) The ____ is the spread of the scores around their average in a single sample.
A)dispersion
B)standard deviation
C)variance
D)range
Q5) A low strength signal is associated with ____.
A)low reliability of the measure
B)low strength of the intervention
C)poor reliability of treatment implementation
D)random heterogeneity of respondents
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Chapter 12: Inferential Analysis
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Sample Questions
Q1) Suppose a study is neither practically significant nor statistically significant.You should ____.
A)reconsider everything
B)increase the dosage or improve implementation
C)increase the sample size and/or improve measurement
D)be happy with an optimal outcome
Q2) Discuss regression-discontinuity analysis in terms of regression.
Q3) The t-test,one-way ANOVA,and regression analysis are mathematically equivalent and yield the same results in a two-group case.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In the accompanying figure,B refers to the ____.
A)predictor
B)outcome
C)slope
D)intercept
Q5) A(n)_______________ line is a line that describes the relationship between two or more variables.
Q6) Discuss randomized block analysis in terms of regression.
Q7) What are dummy variables and how are they used in the GLM?
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Chapter 13: Communicating Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Titles are typically limited to ____ words.
A)6
B)12
C)18
D)24
Q2) A description of the design is included in the ____.
A)introduction
B)method
C)results
D)discussion
Q3) Studies that are completely conducted but never published and that might change the conclusions in a research synthesis are referred to as the ____ problem.
A)post production
B)file drawer
C)publish or perish
D)researcher bias
Q4) Typically,a(n)_______________ section begins with a descriptive report on characteristics of the participants.
Q5) List,in correct order,the 10 sections of an APA-style paper.
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