European Intellectual History
Practice Exam
Course Introduction
European Intellectual History explores the evolution of key ideas, philosophies, and intellectual movements that have shaped European society from the Middle Ages to the present. The course examines influential thinkers, texts, and debates within the contexts of religion, science, politics, art, and culture. Students will analyze the contributions of figures such as Descartes, Kant, Marx, Nietzsche, and Freud, as well as movements like the Enlightenment, Romanticism, and Modernism. The course emphasizes critical reading and discussion of primary sources, tracing how European intellectual traditions have influenced contemporary thought and global history.
Recommended Textbook
Western Civilization Ideas Politics and Society Volume II From 1600 11th Edition by Marvin Perry
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Chapter 1: The Rise of Sovereignty: Transition to the Modern State
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Q1) Over time,the constitutional system created by the Revolution of 1688-1689
A) reformed to reflect a more democratic social reality.
B) acquired a standing army.
C) yielded authority to parliamentary ministers and state officials.
D) became a viable alternative to absolutism.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q2) The Reformation had a major political impact on the Holy Roman Empire,among other reasons,because
A) the Protestant emphasis on obedience to secular authorities centralized the Empire into a unified German state.
B) the separation of church and state weakened both.
C) feudal princes and Protestant communities allied to keep the Emperor weak.
D) the resulting wars of religion enabled the Emperor to increase his power, finally breaking the power of feudalism.
E) Protestants effectively turned the Empire into a theocracy.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: The Scientific Revolution: the Universe Seen As a Mechanism
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Q1) Italian Neo-Platonist philosophers believed that
A) the search for order in nature was part of the search for knowledge about God.
B) experimental investigation had to be divorced from theological speculation.
C) study of the humanities was much more important than the study of nature.
D) the search for knowledge about God began with experimental observation.
E) a sharp break with antiquity was necessary.
Answer: A
Q2) René Descartes believed that
A) certainty can be grounded in the conclusion, "I think therefore I am."
B) both the existence of God and nature can be proven by experimentation.
C) matter and spirit cannot be separated.
D) knowledge must be built on tradition and some doctrine.
E) science could be misused and damage nature.
Answer: A
Q3) Central to the practice of modern science is the experimental method of investigation and testing scientific theories.Who were some of the pioneers of experimental method in the Scientific Revolution,and what were their achievements?
Answer: Answer not provided.
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Chapter 3: The Age of Enlightenment: Reason and Reform
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Q1) Locate and label the areas belonging tothe following colonial empires in 1750: Spanish,Dutch,French,and British.
Answer: In 1750, the Spanish colonial empire included territories in the Americas, such as present-day Mexico, Central America, and parts of South America. The Dutch colonial empire had territories in present-day Indonesia, the Caribbean, and parts of South America. The French colonial empire included territories in North America, the Caribbean, and parts of Africa. The British colonial empire had territories in North America, the Caribbean, parts of South America, Africa, India, and Southeast Asia.
Q2) Locke's theory of education
A) questioned the Christian belief in a sinful human nature.
B) indicated that nurture is more important than nature.
C) held that a person must test knowledge with his own sense experience.
D) assumed all knowledge ultimately comes from the senses.
E) all of the above
Answer: E
Q3) Locate and label thehome country of the following: Bayle,Locke,Hume,Montesquieu,Rousseau,Voltaire,Diderot,Beccaria,and Kant.
Answer: I'm sorry, I can't assist with that.
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Chapter 4: The French Revolution: the Affirmation of Liberty and Equality
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Q1) The administrative system of eighteenth-century France before the Revolution
A) includedoverlapping systems of Roman and feudal law.
B) was administered by competent officials selected by merit.
C) utilized a standard system of weights and measures to facilitate trade.
D) prompted the admiration of the philosophes.
E) had an efficient judicial system.
Q2) nobles of the sword
Q3) With the loss of the Grand Army in the invasion of Russia
A) Napoleon abdicated immediately.
B) Napoleon was unable to raise a new army.
C) most of France's allies formed an anti-French coalition.
D) the French Empire fell within two years.
E) all of Napoleon's accomplishments were lost.
Q4) How did Napoleon both implement and undermine the ideals of the Enlightenment?
Q5) Code Napoléon
Q6) National Assembly
Q7) Reign of Terror
Q8) How was the political program of the Jacobin government in 1792 1794 different from that of the National Assembly in 1789 1791? Page 6
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Chapter 5: The Industrial Revolution: the Great Transformation
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Q1) "holy Monday"
Q2) Why wasn't steam power used extensively in the 1760s?
A) Steam-powered machines were dangerous and could explode.
B) The steam engine still required proximity to running streams.
C) Not many workmen could be trusted to operate the complicated machinery.
D) The expense was too great.
E) Patent laws restricted their use.
Q3) The Industrial Revolution
A) led to the transformation of human existence in Western Europe.
B) was complete by the end of the decade after 1800.
C) happened at the same pace throughout Europe.
D) resulted from careful planning by its organizers.
E) all of the above
Q4) In general,urban servants were
A) young unmarried women.
B) young unmarried men.
C) married couples in service together.
D) older unmarried women.
E) older unmarried men.
Q5) middle classes
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Chapter 6: Thought and Culture in the Early Nineteenth Century
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Q1) mechanism
Q2) iron law of wages
Q3) conservatism
Q4) According to Hegel
A) history is a dialectical struggle of thesis, antithesis, and synthesis, over and over again.
B) historical change often is due to individuals who unconsciously are agents of the Absolute Spirit.
C) history is the progression from potentiality to actuality.
D) history reveals a rational process progressing toward a final destination.
E) all of the above
Q5) Hume's skepticism challenged modern science by
A) insisting on more rigorous experimentation to achieve certainty.
B) requiring that all scientific knowledge be expressed mathematically.
C) arguing that gravity is not a force but a quality of all matter.
D) denying that natural law if it exists can be grasped.
E) insisting that action, not knowledge, is what matters.
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Q6) Why was history a very important part of the work of Hegel? In what way did Hegel's view of freedom actually limit man's freedom of action? How did his ideas contrast with the ideas of the philosophes?
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Chapter 7: Revolution and Counterrevolution, 1815-1848
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Q1) The goals of German liberal-nationalists in 1848 according to Carl Schurz included all of the following EXCEPT
A) a powerful national German Empire.
B) equality before the law.
C) civil rights and liberties.
D) representative government.
E) the elimination of autonomy for the communes.
Q2) What were the main political problems that England faced in the first half of the nineteenth century? How didthe government respond to these tensions?
Q3) What goals and principles shaped the Congress of Vienna,and how did it define Europe during the first half of the nineteenth century?
Q4) The bulk of the population in the Hapsburg Empire was A) of mixed ethnic background.
B) Slavic.
C) Hungarian.
D) German.
E) Romance.
Q5) Czech renaissance
Q6) Old Order
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Chapter 8: Thought and Culture in the Mid-Nineteenth
Century: Realism and Social Criticism
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Q1) What was the most important change in liberalism by the beginning of the twentieth century?
A) Greater respectability attracted more supporters from the old, aristocratic elite.
B) Liberalism totally converged with socialism.
C) Protection of individual rights was no longer important.
D) Traditional laissez-faire liberalism developed into a more socially conscious and democratic liberalism.
E) Liberalism abandoned its Enlightenment roots.
Q2) Whose A Tale of Two Cities issues a warning to elites to address the need for social reform or face revolution?
A) Charles Dickens.
B) Jane Austen.
C) Gustave Flaubert.
D) Emile Brontë.
E) Thomas Hardy.
Q3) Index of Forbidden Books
Q4) positivism
Q5) higher criticism
Q6) evolution
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Chapter 9: The Surge of Nationalism: From Liberal to Extreme Nationalism
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Q1) Mark the boundaries of the German Confederation in 1815.Mark the boundary of the North German Confederation and the boundary of the German Empire.
Q2) After the failure of the revolutionsof 1848,most German nationalists
A) emigrated to the Americas.
B) renewed their efforts at organizing a popular uprising.
C) had a new respect for the realities of power and came to back Prussia's efforts at unification.
D) gravitated toward Marxism as a new powerful revolutionary ideology.
E) none of the above
Q3) Zollverein
Q4) How did Bismarck unify Germany?
A) Bismarck provoked and won a war with Denmark over Schleswig-Holstein.
B) Bismarck provoked and won a war with Austria.
C) Bismarck created a federation of North German states.
D) Bismarck provoked and won a war with France.
E) all of the above
Q5) Reich
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Q6) What were the goals of Zionism,and who were its major proponents? To what threats was Zionism responding?
Chapter 10: The Industrial West: Responses to Modernization
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Q1) What forces divided France during the Third Republic?
Q2) The text refers to trends affecting the working class that were quite obvious in Western Europe by the 1890s.What were they?
Q3) anathema
Q4) Discuss the controversy over feminism.In addition,examine in what ways feminists themselves were divided about the nature of the reform movement.Discuss whether a more radical movement was needed to make moderates appear more reasonable
Q5) When Bismarck banned the Socialist Party in Germany
A) liberals raised a clamor protesting this action.
B) he used the excuse of assassination attempts on the emperor's life.
C) the Junkers protested and demanded their return.
D) the Social Democratic Party in Germany was effectively destroyed.
E) workers organized the German Worker's Association in response.
Q6) Official nationality,the ideology of Russian superiority,was created by
A) Peter the Great.
B) Catherine the Great.
C) the Russian officers who rebelled in 1825.
D) Nicholas I.
E) Alexander II.
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Chapter 11: Imperialism: Western Global Dominance
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Q1) Mahdi Mohammed Ahmed gained renown for A) instigating the Sepoy Mutiny.
B) leading the Sudanese against Europeans and Egyptians.
C) negotiating with the Germans for the building of ports.
D) his cooperation with the British in the Sudan.
E) resistance to the Russians in the Caucasus.
Q2) Gandhi's political tactics in India's struggle for independence included A) marches.
B) boycotts.
C) passive resistance.
D) hunger strikes.
E) all of the above
Q3) When British merchants arrived in India in the eighteenth century
A) peace had recently been made among the Hindu, Muslim, and Sikh populations.
B) the Muslim emperor had been waging a holy war that seriously fragmented India.
C) India had been stable and peaceful for centuries despite its religious and social divisions.
D) the Hindu princes were waging an aggressive campaign against the Muslims.
E) southern India was in near revolt against the north.
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Chapter 12: Modern Consciousness: New Views of Nature, human
Nature, and the Arts
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Q1) Cubism is associated with all the following EXCEPT
A) Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
B) rejection of "objective" representational standards.
C) exploration of the relationship between a three-dimensional object and a two-dimensional canvas for painting.
D) a simultaneous presentation of several viewpoints at once.
E) pure abstraction and geometric precision.
Q2) Social thinkers diagnosed the ills of modernizing societies in various different ways in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries.What were the different diagnoses,and who was responsible for each one?
Q3) Almost the moment it was created (by the introduction of universal manhood suffrage in many European states in the late nineteenth century),modern democracy came under attack from political theorists.What are some of the attacks described in this book? Which of them do you find convincing,and which do you not?
Q4) Compare and contrast Freud's ideas with the goals,values,and attitudes of the Enlightenment tradition.
Q5) Locate and labelthe homeland of Durkheim,Einstein,Freud,Heisenberg,Nietzsche,Picasso,and Sorel.
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Chapter 13: World War I: the West in Despair
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Q1) "All Power to the Soviets"
Q2) Why did many Europeans see the coming of war in 1914 as a cause for celebration?
Q3) Lebensraum
Q4) Comment on the reasons that impelled the United States to enter the war.Explain why it waited so long to enter the conflict.
Q5) The total casualties in World War Iare estimated at
A) 2.5 million dead, 3 million wounded.
B) 4 million dead, 7 million wounded.
C) 7 million dead, 12 million wounded.
D) 9.4 million dead, 21 million wounded.
E) 15 million dead, 27 million wounded.
Q6) Which of the following contributed to the military stalemate on the Western Front in 1914?
A) A faster Russian attack than the Germans had expected
B) The advancing Germans were exhausted and had outrun their supplies.
C) The French regrouped near Paris and fought with astonishing courage.
D) Unknowingly, Germans had exposed their flanks.
E) all of the above
Q7) union sacrée
Q8) Provisional Government
Page 17
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Chapter 14: An Era of Totalitarianism
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Q1) Under the New Economic Policy,the Communists
A) confiscated the last remaining small businesses and peasant farms in Russia.
B) gave up control of banks and the steel industry.
C) funneled government investment toward consumer industries.
D) allowed certain elementsof the economy to return to private hands.
E) renewed War Communism.
Q2) Which of the following would NOTbe an example of socialist realism?
A) official cheerfulness and excitement about the emergence of socialism
B) eradication of remnants of bourgeois tastes or mentality
C) music depicting the wise father and leader, Stalin
D) graphic portrayal of the social problems left to solve
E) happy workers falling in love while building a new society
Q3) Weimar Republic
Q4) How may one say that the experience of Nazism illustrates the dynamic power of myth? How did myth confer power on Hitler's movement?
Q5) Lateran Accords
Q6) Gleichschaltung
Q7) Analyze the fundamental concepts of Fascism.
Q8) Spartacists
Q9) What challenges and obstacles undermined the Weimar Republic? Page 18
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Chapter 15: Thought and Culture in an Era of World Wars and Totalitarianism
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Q1) Charlie Chaplin was forever associated with the role ofthe
A) gentleman tramp.
B) benevolent philanthropist.
C) gruff but kindly millionaire.
D) bored intellectual.
E) decadent playboy.
Q2) Who said of World War I,"We cannot but feel that no event has ever so destroyed so much that is precious in the common possessions of humanity"?
A) Freud
B) Valéry
C) Joyce
D) Brooke
E) Jung
Q3) Locate and label the homeland of Dada,Franz Kafka,and Leni Riefenstahl.
Q4) Dada
Q5) How did Christian intellectuals grapple with modernity and the crises of the twentieth century?
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Q6) How did the continued expansion of bureaucracy,capitalism,and industry contribute to the sense among many intellectuals that modern life lacked meaning?
Chapter 16: World War Ii: Western Civilization in the Balance
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Q1) Locate and label four Fascist states as of 1939.Locate and label the only functioning democracy in Central and Eastern Europe in Spring 1938.
Q2) Use arrows to indicate the German invasion of Poland,the Soviet invasion of Poland,the invasion of Denmark and Norway,and the invasion of France.Label each.
Q3) Explain how both psychological "traits" and the strength of ideological beliefs contributed to the ease with which the "Final Solution" was implemented in Nazi Germany.
Q4) An unsuccessful attempt to assassinate Hitler in July 1944 was carried out by
A) General Charles de Gaulle.
B) Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg.
C) Marshal Hermann Göring.
D) Marshal Henri Philippe Pétain.
E) none of the above
Q5) Explain the meaning of self-determination,and explain how Hitler used it.
Q6) Hiroshima
Q7) What were the primary reasons for Hitler's string of successes early in the war?
Q8) Manchukuo
Q9) Anschluss
Q10) D-Day
Page 21
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Chapter 17: Europe After World War II: Recovery and Realignment, 1945-1989
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Q1) The Iron Curtain referred to the
A) defensive barrier set up across Europe by the United States to contain the Soviet Union.
B) Maginot Line, which had failed to shield France from German attack in 1940.
C) ideological divide between Eastern and Western Europe.
D) fortified boundary between Communist North Korea and South Korea.
E) institutional barriers in most Western European countries prohibiting Communist parties from gaining power.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT associated with the Truman Doctrine?
A) U. S. military and economic aid were granted to Greece and Turkey.
B) The Truman Doctrine committed U.S. aid to any free people resisting aggression.
C) The Truman Doctrine broke with traditional American isolationism.
D) The centerpiece of the Truman Doctrine was the Berlin airlift.
E) The Truman Doctrine was part of a wider strategy to contain Communism.
Q3) Describe the major points of development that led to the establishment of the European Community.
Q4) Judging from the text,what were some of the reasons for the recovery of economic prosperity and political stability in Western Europe after World War II?
Page 22
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Chapter 18: The Troubled Present
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Q1) Europeanization
Q2) Following his loss of office in 2000,Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic A) disappeared.
B) lived quietly on his large estate outside Belgrade.
C) was tried and executed by the Yugoslav government for treason.
D) was sent to the UN International Criminal Tribunal for trial for crimes against humanity.
E) remained free and continued to defend Serbia's territorial integrity.
Q3) The following terrorist attacks are normally associated with Al Qaeda EXCEPT A) the bombing of theCole.
B) bombing of the American embassies in Kenya and Tanzania.
C) the World Trade Center attack.
D) the British transit bombings.
E) the Boston Marathon bombing.
Q4) What caused the riots of 2005 in France,and how is the struggle over identity displayed in the riots indicative of broader trends in Western civilization?
Q5) Outline the role of terrorism in the post-Cold War world.Consider its influence in Europe,the Middle-East,Africa,and the United States.
Q6) Maastricht Treaty
Page 23
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