European History to 1648
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive survey of European history from the fall of the Roman Empire up to the end of the Thirty Years War in 1648. Students will explore the major political, social, cultural, and religious developments that shaped medieval and early modern Europe, including the rise of feudal societies, the power of the Catholic Church, the Renaissance, Reformation, and the age of exploration. Emphasis is placed on the transformation of European institutions, the evolution of monarchical and parliamentary systems, and the complex interplay between different states and cultures across the continent. Through primary sources and historical analysis, the course provides students with both a broad understanding of Europes past and insight into the foundations of the modern world.
Recommended Textbook
Western Heritage The Volume 1 11th Edition by Donald M. Kagan
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14 Chapters
1118 Verified Questions
1118 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1198
Page 2
Chapter 1: The Birth of Civilization
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23714
Sample Questions
Q1) With reference to the Mideast worldview, how would the people of the region most likely have viewed the destruction of a capital city by an army?
A) as well deserved
B) as the personification of the inherent evil in all of mankind
C) as a random misfortune
D) as the product of divine will
Answer: D
Q2) The most famous colony founded by the Phoenicians was that of ________, near modern Tunis in North Africa.
Answer: Carthage
Q3) The discovery of combining tin and copper to make a stronger and more useful material signified the beginning of the ________ Age.
Answer: Bronze
Q4) The greatest achievement of Cambyses was the conquest of Egypt, establishing it as a ________, or province.
Answer: satrapy
Q5) The Assyrians spoke a ________ language closely related to Babylonian. Answer: Semitic
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Greek Civilization
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23715
Sample Questions
Q1) Like most ancient peoples, the Greeks were ________, and religion played an important part in their lives.
Answer: polytheists
Q2) An effect of Draco's special authority to codify and publish laws for the first time was the ________.
A) granting of rights of habeas corpus
B) granting of the right of the accused to face their accuser
C) publication of set laws that applied to all of the lower classes
D) publication of laws strengthening the hand of the state against powerful nobles
Answer: D
Q3) Who was fairly called the "father of Athenian democracy"?
A) Solon
B) Pisistratus
C) Hippias
D) Clisthenes
Answer: D
Q4) The Greek polis was thought of as a community of ________.
Answer: relatives
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Chapter 3: Classical and Hellenistic Greece
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23716
Sample Questions
Q1) In 399 b.c.e., an Athenian jury condemned ________ to death on the charges of bringing new gods into the city and of corrupting the youth.
A) Euripides
B) Plato
C) Socrates
D) Aristotle
Answer: C
Q2) Unlike earlier times, when independent men owned and worked relatively small and equal lots of the polis, the ________ were reduced to subordinate, dependent peasant status.
A) urban Greeks
B) Macedonians
C) statesmen
D) Hellenistic farmers
Answer: D
Q3) ________ established the theory of the lever in mechanics and invented hydrostatics.
Answer: Archimedes
Q4) The Macedonian cavalry was made up of nobles and clan leaders called ________.
Answer: Companions
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Chapter 4: Rome: From Republic to Empire
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23717
Sample Questions
Q1) Do you believe Caesar wanted to be king? What are the implications of your answer?
Q2) In times of crisis, consuls could, with the advice of the Senate, retire for six months in favor of a temporary ________.
A) censor
B) consul in training
C) dictator
D) emperor
Q3) Tiberius Gracchus pressed for land-reform legislation as a way to ________.
A) antagonize the Latin League into breaking their treaty
B) cheat on his personal taxes
C) disgrace his brother Gaius
D) redistribute wealth
Q4) After two major wars, the Romans cited a technical breach of the peace to spitefully destroy ________.
A) Athens
B) Carthage
C) Gaul
D) Etruria
Q5) One of the rewards held out to defeated enemies in Italy was Roman ________.
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Chapter 5: The Roman Empire
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23718
Sample Questions
Q1) Although Augustus granted himself the powers of an absolute ruler, he did not proclaim this ascension openly.In what ways did he retain the appearance of republican government? Why?
Q2) The Roman Empire after Marcus Aurelius was seen by Dio Cassius as a decline from "a kingdom of gold into one of iron and rust." Do you agree with Cassius's metaphor? What were the major difficulties following the last of the "good emperors"? Were the problems caused by internal or external forces?
Q3) Which of the following was NOT a part of elite Roman women's lives?
A) divorce
B) contraception
C) literary groups
D) formal education
Q4) A pervasive negative mood in the decades following the reign of Augustus is apparent in the ________ of the time, which was satirical and pessimistic.
A) dance
B) music
C) literature
D) architecture
Q5) Jesus of Nazareth was named christos by his followers, meaning "________."
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Chapter 6: Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages: Creating a
New European Society and Culture (476 1000)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23719
Sample Questions
Q1) The Visigoths were pressured to invade the western Roman Empire by ________.
A) a drought and other odd weather patterns that disrupted traditional agriculture
B) Huns invading Visigoth territory
C) manipulative administrators in the eastern empire
D) a population boom
Q2) Compare and contrast the Viking and Magyar invasions of the ninth and tenth centuries, considering their scope and long-term impact.
Q3) Consider Map 6-1.The territory that had the fewest invasions in the fourth and fifth centuries, and also the most prosperous in that era, was that of the ________.
A) Carthaginians of North Africa
B) Carolingians in Aachen
C) Catholics in Rome
D) Byzantines of Asia Minor
Q4) Islam was founded by the prophet ________, a wealthy man who received the word of God from the angel Gabriel.
Q5) What were the main contributions of the Franks to Western civilization?
Q6) ________ is defined as the opposition to the use of images in Christian worship.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: The High Middle Ages: The Rise of European Empires
and States
(1000 1300)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23720
Sample Questions
Q1) Louis IX died of a fever during the second of two French ________ against the Muslims.
Q2) Discuss the rise of the German empire and the accomplishments of Otto I.Why was he able to become so powerful?
Q3) Pope Urban endorsed the First Crusade because he ________.
A) saw the chance to remove feuding, idle, and restless noble youths from Europe
B) was hoping to gain control of Europe after a victory
C) wanted to end the power of the Eastern emperor
D) desired to drive all Muslims from Egypt
Q4) During his reign, Pope Innocent gave official sanction to two new monastic orders: ________.
A) Augustinians and Jesuits
B) Franciscans and Dominicans
C) Albigensians and Dominicans
D) Dominicans and Waldensians
Q5) The court of Poitiers was a famous center for ________.
A) philosophical discourse
B) literature of courtly love
C) medicine
D) ceramics
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Chapter 8: Medieval Society:
Hierarchies, Towns, Universities, and Families (1000 1300)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23721
Sample Questions
Q1) In the eighth century, wide use of what invention made the cavalry indispensable?
A) collar harness
B) horseshoe
C) bit and bridle
D) stirrups
Q2) ________ were the nobleman's profession; ________ was his sole occupation.
A) Arms; warfare
B) Horses; training them
C) Castles; fortifying them
D) Jousts; preparing for tournaments
Q3) Which of the following statements most accurately describes the University of Paris in the 1200s?
A) Professors ran their classrooms in an informal setting.
B) Educators and university administrators only cared about the image of the university, not educational content.
C) Education reform in the sciences was of the utmost importance.
D) It was a collection of scholars, not buildings.
Q4) As towns grew, their populations swelled with ________ moving there from the countryside.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political
Breakdown (1300 1453)
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23722
Sample Questions
Q1) The phrase "Babylonian Captivity" refers to ________.
A) the period of papal residence in Avignon
B) the persecution of the Lollards and Hussites by the church
C) the precarious position of the church in France during the Hundred Years' War
D) the state of the church in Czechoslovakia after religious reformers took control of it
Q2) Which of these was true of the impact of the Schism and the Black Death?
A) They occurred a century apart and were unrelated.
B) Both had the effect of undermining the church.
C) Both fatally weakened monasticism.
D) They both tended to strengthen the peasantry.
Q3) What were the causes of the Hundred Years' War? Could any of these factors have been avoided or was war inevitable? Explain.
Q4) One of the most extreme reactions to the spreading plague were processions of __________, religious fanatics who beat themselves in ritual penance.
Q5) What were the social and economic consequences of the Black Death? Which groups in medieval society benefited the most from the altered social and economic landscape?
Q6) The _____________ was a French tax, levied directly on the peasantry.
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Chapter 10: Renaissance and Discovery
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23723
Sample Questions
Q1) ________ is a reaction to the simplicity of High Renaissance art and made room for the strange and the abnormal, giving freer reign to the individual perceptions and feelings of the artist, who now felt free to paint, compose, or write in an "affected" way.
Q2) Examine Map 10-2.According to the map, which of the following statements is true?
A) By 1600, Spain controlled most of coastal Central and South America.
B) Portugal had the largest claims to land in the New World.
C) Spain claimed all of Central and South America.
D) Spain held claims in both modern India and the Philippine Islands.
Q3) How did the Dominican preacher Girolamo Savonarola convince the Florentines to allow King Charles VIII of France to enter Florence without resistance?
A) He told them that the king's arrival was divine vengeance on their immorality.
B) He promised to ask the king to leave all the land to the Florentines.
C) He explained that Charles VIII had only the best intentions for the Florentines.
D) He delivered a heartfelt speech on the merits of good international relations.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: The Age of Reformation
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23724
Sample Questions
Q1) Luther's theology was illustrated by his attack on five of the traditional sacraments; he rejected them because they were _________.
A) Catholic
B) not supported by the Bible
C) more about ritual than piety
D) medieval
Q2) The Marburg Colloquy confirmed which of these developments?
A) The Reformation would divide into a number of movements.
B) The Reformation could not be stopped.
C) The Catholic Church would not resist the Reformation.
D) The cultural impact of the Reformation would be profound.
Q3) Indulgences were originally given to Crusaders because ________.
A) they could not complete their penance since they had fallen in battle
B) they did not have the wealth to settle their penance
C) they had gone on a pilgrimage to Jerusalem
D) their sins were forgiven when they heeded the call to Crusade
Q4) The long-entrenched __________ system of the medieval church had permitted important ecclesiastical posts to be sold to the highest bidders.
Q5) The address On Improving the Studies of the Young was written by _______.
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Chapter 12: The Age of Religious Wars
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23725
Sample Questions
Q1) Passed by Queen Elizabeth I, which of the following was a revision of Thomas Cranmer's works that made moderate Protestantism the official religion within the Church of England?
A) Act of Uniformity
B) Thirty-Nine Articles
C) Treaty of Joinville
D) Union of Utrecht
Q2) The Peace of Augsburg recognized that ________.
A) the religion of the land was determined by the Holy Roman Emperor
B) the ruler of a land would determine the religion of the land
C) Calvinists were to be tolerated throughout Europe
D) Protestants everywhere must restore Catholic beliefs and practices
Q3) Why was the Thirty Years' War fought? To what extent did politics determine the outcome of the war? Discuss the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648.Could matters have been resolved without war?
Q4) Which analogy is most accurate?
A) Bavaria is to the Catholic as the Palatinate is to Protestantism.
B) Belgium is to the Catholic as England is to the Calvinist.
C) Italy is to Counter-Reformation as Germany is to Anglican.
D) France is to the Catholic as Prussia is to the Calvinist.
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Chapter 13: European State -Consolidation in the
Seventeenth and Eighteenth
Centuries
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23726
Sample
Questions
Q1) Louis XIV's power and central position in French society were reflected in the unofficial title "The ________."
Q2) What were the two most important models of European political development in the early modern period?
A) military despotism and democratic socialism
B) democratic socialism and parliamentary monarchy
C) monarchy and socialism
D) parliamentary monarchy and political absolutism
Q3) The goal of the Table of Ranks was to ________.
A) draw the nobility into state service
B) eliminate the need for nobles to serve the central state
C) force nobles into military service
D) restrict religious leaders from controlling parts of the central state
Q4) What model of government was able to foster a strong monarchy with a secure financial base that was not dependent on noble estates, diets, or assemblies?
A) political absolutism embodied in France
B) political absolutism embodied in England
C) parliamentary monarchy embodied in the Netherlands
D) parliamentary monarchy embodied in England
Page 15
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Chapter 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the
Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23727
Sample Questions
Q1) Baroque art became associated with ________.
A) the Renaissance
B) English nobility
C) Roman Catholicism
D) popular Protestantism
Q2) Based upon your knowledge of the text, which of the following is the most plausible cause of the witch hunts?
A) The droughts causing famine, especially in Ireland, led to the death of many, and because the witches claimed to control the weather, they were to blame.
B) Witches were primarily women, and because women bore children that were causing an economic and scientific panic, they were to blame.
C) The corrupt government needed a distraction from the bad publicity, and because the same women that were suspected of being witches were spreading the news of corruption, politicians saw witch hunts as an answer to both of their problems.
D) Religious divisions and warfare threatened the security of society, and the witches were the scapegoats of a social panic.
Q3) Bernini was hired by Urban VIII to decorate ________.
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